JP2002029905A - Plant growth promoter and method for cultivating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant growth promoter constituted of a physiologically active substance such as a polyamine, and a biochemical energy material such as creatine phosphate, and further to provide a cultivating method by which the growth of the plant is promoted. SOLUTION: It is known that the biochemical energy material such as creatine phosphate has activities for promoting the growth of the plant, and the addition of the physiologically active substance such as the polyamine thereto can improve the effects. The effects are provided by the phosphorylation of the polyamine by the creatine phosphate, or the addition of the biochemical energy effects of the creatine phosphate to the physiological effects of the polyamine. When the plant growth promoter consisting of the physiological active material and the biochemical energy material is added to the plant, the plant grows well and provides high yield.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plant growth promoting agent having an effect of promoting plant growth, and a cultivation method for promoting plant growth.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have previously invented a plant growth promoting agent containing a biochemical energy substance such as sugar phosphate, amino acid phosphate, creatine phosphate and the like, and a method of promoting plant growth ( Japanese Patent Application No. 61-129442).
The method includes a plant growth promoter comprising a biochemical energy substance such as sugar phosphate, amino acid phosphate, amidophosphate, hydroxyacid phosphate, adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate, creatine phosphate, and the component. This was a method of promoting plant growth by spraying a contained aqueous solution on a plant or cultivating the plant in an aqueous solution containing the component. These effects were brought about by externally supplying biochemical energy substances such as ATP, which are involved in the absorption of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium and the synthesis of various nutrient substrates.

[0003]

However, the effect is not significant in hydroponic cultivation, sand cultivation, and inorganic soil environments such as gravel soil and volcanic ash soil that do not contain biochemical energy substances such as sugar phosphate. However, there was no effect on the organic soil where a sufficient amount of biochemical energy substances such as ATP were supplied by the propagation of microorganisms and the biochemical decomposition of humus.

[0004] As a problem to promote the growth of plants, there is utilization of physiologically active substances. Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene,
Plant hormones such as abscisic acid are known, but the action of physiologically active substances such as polyamines is also attracting attention.
In particular, polyamine is a physiologically active substance that is deeply involved in the growth of animal cells, plant cells, bacteria, etc. as an essential factor for cell growth. Recently, it has been discovered that when a small amount of polyamine is given to a growing plant, the roots, tubers, fruits, seeds, etc. of the plant are enlarged. That is, when a dilute polyamine solution is sprayed or added to a fertilizer on a growing plant, the growth of the plant is promoted by the physiologically active action of the polyamine, the growth of roots, tubers, fruits, etc. is improved, and the cereals, leaves, etc. It has been found that the yield of rape, root vegetables, flowers, fruits, etc. increases.

The present inventors have paid attention to the physiologically active effects of such polyamines, and have studied the use of polyamines for increasing the production of agricultural products. However, the effect of polyamines on promoting plant growth is phosphorylation of the polyamines. I learned empirically that it is strengthened. Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method of utilizing a biochemical energy substance devised in the past by the present inventors as a method of phosphorylating a polyamine.
When creatine phosphate was added to the dilute polyamine solution to test the growth effect of the plant, it was found that the growth of the plant was better when creatine phosphate was added to the polyamine than when the polyamine was used alone. The effect is not only for creatine phosphate but also for sugar phosphate and amino acid phosphate, and is considered to be common to all biochemical energy substances. And it was found that it is effective not only in the hydroponic cultivation, the sand culture, the inorganic soil environment such as gravel soil and volcanic ash soil, but also in the organic soil applied with compost.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been conceived as a method for improving the drawbacks of the method of promoting plant growth using a biochemical energy substance such as sugar phosphate which was previously invented by the present inventors. It is. The method is that a bioactive substance such as polyamine and a sugar phosphate, a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate are added as a plant growth promoter, and an aqueous solution containing the component is sprayed on the plant, This is a method of promoting plant growth by cultivating a plant with an aqueous solution containing the component or cultivating the plant in soil containing the component.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, an important aspect of the present invention is the coexistence of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as sugar phosphate. The polyamine referred to in the present invention is a basic substance containing two or more amines in a molecule. Generally, putrescine composed of two molecules of amine, spermidine composed of three molecules of amine, and spermine composed of four molecules of amine are known, but tetraamine, penta, and hexaamine, which have a large number of amines, also exist. . The biochemical energy substance referred to in the present invention is a phosphoric acid ester such as sugar phosphate, amino acid phosphate, amidophosphate, hydroxyacid phosphate, adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate, creatine phosphate and the like.

[0008] The effect of polyamines on plant growth promotion has been generally known since the effect of polyamines on tuber formation of Jerusalem artichoke was published by Professor Barney of the University of Boroni in Italy. The effect has been confirmed by tests on cultivation of Komatsuna and Komatsuna. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that when a small amount of creatine phosphate is added to the aqueous solution of polyamine, the growth of carrot, komatsuna and the like is better than that obtained by giving only the polyamine. Also, the effect was better than the result of giving creatine phosphate alone. Although it is not clear what causes the plant growth promoting effect when polyamine and creatine phosphate are used in combination, it is not due to phosphorylation of polyamine by creatine phosphate, or to the hormonal effect of polyamine. It is thought to be due to any action of adding the biochemical energy effect of creatine phosphate.
The effect is effective not only for creatine phosphate but also for adenosine phosphate and guanosine phosphate,
Judging that this is a general effect related to biochemical energy substances. Although the action of the physiologically active substance according to the present invention is mainly based on polyamine, it is predicted that a physiologically active substance other than polyamine may have the same effect.

[0009] The effect of the polyamine on promoting plant growth is as follows.
This is an extremely thin concentration region of about 1 / 100,000 to 1 / 100,000 mole of polyamine.

[0010] Since the purified polyamine is commercially available as a reagent, it is advisable to use the commercially available reagent dissolved in clear water, but the lactic acid fermentation broth, yeast culture broth, archaebacteria culture broth also contains polyamine. They may be used directly.

The effects of biochemical energy substances such as sugar phosphate, amino acid phosphate, amidophosphate, hydroxyacid phosphate, adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate and creatine phosphate on the growth of plants depend on their types. Although it differs greatly, the concentration is about 1 / 10,000 to 1 / 10,000.

Purified biochemical energy substances are commercially available as reagents. Therefore, it is preferable to use commercially available reagents dissolved in clear water, but it is preferable to use a phototrophic bacterial culture, chlorella culture, citric acid Fermented liquor and hot water extract of compost also contain biochemical energy substances,
You may use them directly.

Since the composition ratio of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical substance such as creatine phosphate differs depending on the cultivated species of the plant and the type of the biochemical substance, it is necessary to experimentally determine the composition ratio having a plant growth promoting effect. become. In the test of the present inventors, it has been determined that a composition ratio of about 1 to 10 moles of creatine phosphate to 1 mole of polyamine is appropriate. However, the composition ratio is not limited to a specific value.

The plant growth promoter composed of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate can be either a solid containing these components or an aqueous solution containing those components. Or a paste containing these components, an adsorbed substance adsorbed on activated carbon or zeolite, or a dry solid matter, dissolved in an organic solvent such as an organic acid or alcohol. May be used.

A plant growth promoter composed of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate is added with fertilizer components such as N, P and K, a redox agent, an insect repellent and the like. May be.

The use temperature, PH value, ORP value, electric conductivity, and component concentration of a plant growth promoter composed of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate are specified values. Not limited.

Since the aqueous plant growth promoter composed of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate is easily deteriorated by decay, electromagnetic waves are applied to prevent rot. Heat sterilization, treatment with a sterilization filter, or preservatives may be added.

When a plant growth promoter comprising a bioactive substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate is prepared, creatine phosphate is added to an aqueous solution or solid containing a bioactive substance such as polyamine. Either a method of adding a biochemical energy substance such as an acid or a method of adding a bioactive substance such as a polyamine to an aqueous solution or a solid containing a biochemical energy substance such as creatine phosphate may be used.

The physiologically active substance referred to in the present invention is a polyamine or the like. Any physiologically active substance other than polyamine may be used as long as it has an effect on the growth of a plant. May be configured.

The biochemical energy substance referred to in the present invention is creatine phosphate or the like, but it may be composed of one kind or two or more kinds of substances.

In order to improve the effects of the present invention, substances other than physiologically active substances and biochemical energy substances, for example, acids,
Alkaline agents, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, salts, sugars, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, enzymes, coenzymes, humic acids, minerals, vitamins, carotene, dispersants, additives, thickeners, insecticides, fungicides , Hormones, fertilizer components and the like may be added.

In order to improve the effects of the present invention, coagulation,
Neutralization, electrolysis, redox, microfiltration, electrolytic dialysis, reverse osmosis membrane treatment, ion separation, heating, cooling, liquid chromatographic treatment, freeze drying, spray drying, heat concentration and the like may be performed.

The plants referred to in the present invention are leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruits, trees, grains, mizuna, mushrooms and the like, and are applicable to all plant species. The cultivation temperature, humidity, soil quality, pressure conditions, and the like of those plant species are not specified.

[0024]

EXAMPLES Next, the details of the present invention will be described based on examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 In a pot test using a round pot, 200 g of N, P ₂ O ₅ , and K ₂ O were added to a round pot containing 200 g of dirt soil of PH6 in an amount equivalent to 20 mg each of ammonia sulfate,
A lime superphosphate and chlorinated potassium were constructed, the cultivation area A was used as a cultivation area using chemical fertilizer without any addition, the area B was cultivated by giving 2 mL of a ^10-3 mol aqueous solution of putrescine to the soil, and the area C was cultivated. ² mL of a ² mol aqueous creatine phosphate solution was applied to the soil and cultivated. Section D was 2 mL of a 10 ⁻³ mol aqueous solution of putrescine and ² mL of a 10 ⁻² mol aqueous creatine phosphate solution.
mL of the cultivation section was sowed and cultivated by sowing 40 grains of Japanese mustard spinach. The germination rate was 100% in all the test sections. The biomass of Komatsuna harvested on the 20th day after sowing was 7.6 g in section A, 10.2 g in section B, and 9.9 g in section C.
4 g and D section were 11.8 g. Comparing the living weight indices of each cultivation section from these results, when section A was 100, section B was 134, section C was 123, and section D was 155. That is, in comparison with the section A using only chemical fertilizer, the section B to which putrescine was applied and the section C to which creatine phosphate was applied had better growth of Komatsuna, and the section D to which putrescine and creatine phosphate were applied had even better results. Was.

[Example-2] In a pot test using round pots, round pots prepared by adding 20 g of matured cow manure compost to 200 g of dirt soil of PH6 were prepared. ^-3 mol of spermidine aqueous solution 2mL is given to the soil and cultivated,
C Zone ^10-3 moles of adenosine phosphoric acid aqueous solution 2mL cultivated given to soil, D Ward gave ^{10 -3} moles of spermidine solution 2mL and ^{10 -3} moles of adenosine phosphoric acid aqueous solution 2mL, each cultivation District Germination rate was 100 in all test plots
%Met. The biomass of the three-sized ginseng harvested 50 days after sowing was 128 g in section A, 145 g in section B, 132 g in section C, and 204 g in section D. Comparing the live weight index of each cultivation section from these results, when section A is 100, section B is 113, section C is 103, section D is 159.
It became. That is, in comparison with the section A with only compost, the section B to which spermidine was applied and the section C to which adenosine phosphate was applied had better growth of three ginseng, and the section D to which spermidine and adenosine phosphate were applied had better results. there were.

[Example-3] In hydroponics of honeybee using a commercially available fertilizer for hydroponics, ^10-4 mol of spermine and ^10-4 mol of guanosine phosphoric acid were added to a hydroponic solution to grow honeybee. The weight per 20 bundles of bees harvested on the 35th day was 528 g with only fertilizer, while 867 g with spermine and guanosine phosphate was added.
It was a good result without yellow leaf or root rot.

The stone strawberries [Example -4] is field grown using chemical fertilizers, and ^{10 -3} moles of putrescine, ^10-2
When an aqueous solution containing a molar amount of creatine phosphate was cultivated while being sprayed on the leaves, the yield of strawberries was remarkably improved as compared with the case where the aqueous solution was not sprayed, and strawberries having strong sweetness and good aroma were cultivated.

[Example-5] ^10-3 mol of spermidine and ^10-3 mol of spermidine were added to the sand-cultivated muskmelon grown in the greenhouse.
^When an aqueous solution containing ^-3 mol of guanosine phosphate was cultivated while being sprayed on the root, the biological weight of melon was about 2
0% improvement and no immature fruits caused by unseasonable weather did not occur.

[Example -6] Cultivation and about 5% to 10 ^-2 mol of spermine alginate solution, the embedded rice by about 20cc what was added to 10 ^-1 mol of creatine phosphate paste at the base of the rice seedlings As a result, the growth of the rice roots was good and the rice plants grew without lodging due to strong winds, and the yield of rice was 1.3 times the weight of paddy.

[Example 7] When an aqueous solution containing ^10-3 mol of putrescine and ^10-3 mol of sugar phosphate was cultivated while being sprayed on a mushroom-grown enoki mushroom strain, the yield of mushrooms increased 1.6 times. Increased.

[0025]

The object of the present invention is to provide a plant growth promoting agent effective for plant growth and a new plant cultivation method as an agricultural material for saving labor in agriculture. The present inventors have invented a new agricultural material containing a phosphate ester such as sugar phosphate as a component, and a new cultivation method utilizing the same in the past. The invention improves organic farming methods, which are becoming popular as a means of producing safe and nutritious agricultural products, and in particular, improves the drawbacks of organic farming that require large amounts of organic materials. Was the way. Japan's agriculture is mainly based on part-time farmers, as compared to grandpa, granny, and mother's three-chan farming.
Japanese agriculture supported by such part-time farmers is constantly understaffed. In particular, organic farming, in which a large amount of humus is administered to farmland, requires a great deal of human and mechanical power, and Japanese agriculture, which is aging, is becoming unable to support its agricultural base itself. The inventors of the present invention in the past invented the use of biochemical energy substances for agricultural production as a method of remedying the disadvantages, but the present invention further improved these methods to improve the effect of promoting plant growth. It is devised. Physiologically active substances such as polyamines are organic substances contained as cell growth factors in animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells. In addition, sugar phosphate, guanosine phosphate and the like are organic substances contained as energy conversion substances of cells. These substances are organic functional substances produced by the life activity of living organisms, and never exist in an inorganic environment where life does not exist. In particular, those substances which are purified have an effect on plant growth in a very small amount, and exhibit an effect comparable to a state where a large amount of fertilizer is applied to compost or humus. Therefore, the effect of the present invention greatly contributes to labor saving of agriculture, and there is an effect of rescuing Japanese agriculture developed under a situation of shortage of labor. In particular,
The present invention has a large effect in that it can be applied to a hydroponic method.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. It is composed of a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as sugar phosphate, amino acid phosphate, amidophosphate, hydroxyphosphate, adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate and creatine phosphate. Plant growth promoter. 2. It comprises a physiologically active substance such as polyamine and a biochemical energy substance such as sugar phosphate, amino acid phosphate, amidophosphate, hydroxyphosphate, adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate and creatine phosphate. A method of promoting plant growth by spraying an aqueous solution on a plant, cultivating the plant with an aqueous solution containing the component, or cultivating the plant in soil containing the component.