JP2001519673A - Vegetation objects for greening artificial planes - Google Patents

Vegetation objects for greening artificial planes

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Publication number
JP2001519673A
JP2001519673A JP51374899A JP51374899A JP2001519673A JP 2001519673 A JP2001519673 A JP 2001519673A JP 51374899 A JP51374899 A JP 51374899A JP 51374899 A JP51374899 A JP 51374899A JP 2001519673 A JP2001519673 A JP 2001519673A
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Prior art keywords
vegetation
mixture
vegetation object
flame retardant
greening
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Japanese (ja)
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ベーレンス,ヴォルフガング
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ベーレンス,ヴォルフガング
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Publication of JP2001519673A publication Critical patent/JP2001519673A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/002Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings consisting of two or more layers, at least one of the layers permitting turfing of the roof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G20/20Cultivation on mats
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32Roof garden systems

Abstract

(57)【要約】 有機植基材粒子、栄養分、および合成材料成分の混合物で作製される、人工平面の緑化のための植生用物体が開示される。この混合物は、発泡プラスチック成分および結合剤の添加により、結合して均一で堅固な物体を形成する。本発明によれば、植生用物体は、混合物が、20重量%を超える有機基材粒子の成分を含み、混合物は、結合剤とともに発泡され、種子、芽、根茎などのような発芽し得る植物材料は混合物に添加され、そして植生用物体の上表面から示される少なくとも1つの表面は、難燃剤を含むことにより特徴付けられる。   (57) [Summary] Disclosed is a vegetation object for greening artificial surfaces, made of a mixture of organic vegetation base particles, nutrients, and synthetic material components. The mixture combines to form a uniform, solid body with the addition of the foamed plastic component and the binder. According to the invention, the vegetation object is such that the mixture comprises more than 20% by weight of components of the organic base particles, the mixture being foamed with a binder and germinable plants such as seeds, buds, rhizomes etc. The material is added to the mixture, and at least one surface shown from the top surface of the vegetation object is characterized by including a flame retardant.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 人工平面を緑化するための植生用物体 本発明は、請求項1に記載される予め特徴付けされた部分による、人工平面 る。 人工平面(特にビルの屋上)の緑化のためには、植物の増殖を可能にする植生 用物体が必要とされる。 これを成し遂げるために、ロックウールのマットまたは物体(特に基材を含む )を用いることが知られており、そしてこれは予備栽培の後に、既製の緑色植生 用物体として利用可能である。しかし、多くの場合、起こり得る微細繊維の喪失 に起因して、ロックウールの使用は、健康上の理由から望ましくない。ロックウ ールで作製された植生用物体は、さらなる処置を何もせずに、DIN 4102、第7部 による耐火性の必要条件を満たすという利点を提供する。 独国特許DE 25 13 686は、土壌を含まない栄養生長のための支持スラブを開示 する。この支持スラブは、少なくとも部分的に開放多孔性発泡プラスチックのフ レークを、栄養分および結合剤、ならびに必要に応じて増量剤と混合することに より製造される。この発泡プラスチックおよび栄養分、ならびに必要に応じて増 量剤は混合され、一方、別のプロセスで特別の接着性混合物が製造され、この接 着性混合物は、続いて、発泡プラスチックおよび栄養分、ならびに必要に応じて 増量剤の混合物と均一に混合される。このようにして得られる混合物全体は、適 切な型の中で(必要に応じて圧力下および/または熱をかけて)乾燥される;従 って、添加物とともに主に発泡プラスチックを含む植生スラブが形成される。同 様の植生スラブはまた、独国実用新案79 35 851から公知である。 このような植生スラブは、広範囲に適用可能であることが実証されているが、 しかしこれらはDIN 4102第7部により規定される要件を満たさない。今までに公 知の植生スラブの場合、火の粉(Flugfeuer)により引き起こされる火災および 放射熱に対する耐性の証明を提供することは、今までのところ特に困難である。 従って、例えば、ノルトラインウェストファーレン州の都市開発居住交通大臣の第54号)により公布された回覧公報(Runderlaβ)は、広大な緑化を有する屋 上の場合、火の粉により引き起こされる火災および放射熱に対する耐性は、20重 量%以下の有機成分を含む少なくとも厚さ3cmの基材層が存在する場合にのみ適 切であるとみなすと規定する。 従って現在まで、より高い割合の有機基材粒子を含む植生保有物体は、耐火性 に関して先入観に対処してきた。 しかし、植物生理学の立場からすると、20重量%を超える有機材料の割合は、 これらの有機成分のみが、特に自然の分解プロセスにより、必要とされる栄養分 を植物に分与し得るために、十分有利であり得る。 ここが、本発明の出発点である。本発明の課題は、20重量%より多くの有機物 質を含み、それにもかかわらずDIN 4102第7部により規定される必要条件を満た す、序文において言及した型の植生保有物体を提供することである。 この課題は、請求項1の特徴を有する、序論において言及した型の植生用物体 により解決される。本発明は、20重量%を超える割合の有機基材粒子を含む混合 物を提供し、ここでこの混合物は結合剤とともに発泡され、発芽し得る植物材料 (例えば、種子、芽、根茎など)がこの混合物に添加され、そして植生用物体の 上表面から示される少なくとも1つの表面が難燃剤を含む。 用いられる結合剤は、弾性複合フォームまたはフレークフォームのような発泡 プラスチック(例えば、製品DesmodurまたはDesmophen)であり得る。結合剤と してのラテックスの使用もまた考えられ得る。本発明の有利な実施態様によれば 、有機成分が、ココヤシ繊維、特に特定の画分のココヤシ繊維(例えば、いわゆ る殻チップ)であり得る。しかし、他の有機粒子(例えば、大麻茎、亜麻、また は天然の海綿質)もまた考えられ得る。これらは全て水の保持に適切な開口材料 である。 本発明による植生用物体の驚くべき新規性は、それ自体、植生用物体に難燃剤 (好ましくは水ガラス)を積極的に備え付けることにより、植物の生理学的な観 点から有利である有機物質の画分の使用が、耐火性に関する植生用物体の必要条 件を制限することなくここで可能であるという点で、特に明らかである。 植生用物体に難燃剤を備えることにより、さらなるポジティブな副作用が提供 される。植生用物体に適切な難燃剤(特に、水ガラス)を備えることにより、植 生用物体中に水の蓄積を可能にすることが観察されている。このような水の蓄積 は、特に長期の乾燥期にわたって、非常に所望であり得る。 水蓄積に関しても、本発明は今までに公知のアプローチを避ける。今までのと ころ、特に既に引用された独国特許明細書25 13 686および独国実用新案79 35 8 51において、実際の植生用物体より下の排水溝が、なるべく迅速に水を排水する ために提供された。これは、屋根の構造物が水浸しになるのを防ぐが、同時に、 植物はより長い乾燥期の間、太陽光線に曝されるのを防ぐことなしに露出される 。なぜなら、現在まで公知の植生用物体は、特に決定的な乾燥期間において、水 を保存し、そしてそれを植物に分与することができないからである。 本発明による植生用物体の実施態様は、所望の適用に依存して、この植生用物 体は種々の形態で作製され得るという点でさらなる利点を提供する。従って、適 切な形状で、これは、繊維−セメントパネルを緑化するために用いられ得るが、 市販のバルコニーボックスまたは植木鉢のための成型部分としての適用と同様に 、台形の鋼製屋根の緑化、例えば植生マットを裏打ちするための基材としての適 用、人工平面の植栽または播種での使用が考えられる。 本発明による植生用物体を製造するために、必要とされる材料(必要な場合は )は、造粒および混合され;続いて混合物は、植物に適合性の結合剤とともに発 泡されて型に入れられる。 本発明は、産業生産の可能性を提供するという点で、さらなる利点を有し、そ の結果、個々の植生用物体が同一に製造され得、そして植生用物体同士は類似す る。これは、全ての成分が、所望の比率で混合され、続いて発泡され、完成した 植生用物体は植物に適合性の結合剤とともに作製されることに起因し、次いでこ の植生用物体は、増殖を直ちに支持し、そして緑化を可能にする。 本発明の実際の実施態様は、植生用物体に組み込まれる難燃剤、1〜30容量% である割合の難燃剤、および水ガラスである難燃剤を提供する。 本発明のさらに有利な実施態様は、植生用物体の下側に組み込まれる難燃剤、 または植生用物体の外縁の少なくとも1つの領域に組み込まれる難燃剤を提供し 得る。この難燃剤(特に水ガラス)は、スプレーされ得るか、ブラシにより塗布 され得る。このようにして、難燃剤を、植生用物体中に約0.5cmの深さまで浸透 させることが達成され得る。何らかの火事の場合、燃焼は、この下側または横側 の0.5cmの厚さの層までしか起きない。 植生用物体が、屋根への設置の前に園芸的方法により緑化されることが特に好 ましい。ここで、植生用物体の緑化が、地表面での集約的な園芸的世話により、 屋根への設置の前に完了され得る。これは、屋根への設置の前に既に、緑化が不 完全な任意の箇所が、比較的単純な方法で、そして人間工学的に都合良い手段で 、例えば、発芽し得る植物材料(特に、芽、種子など)を不完全な箇所に適用す ることにより調整され得るという点で決定的な利点を提供する。植生用物体が、 屋根への適用後にのみ緑化を開始する場合、生じるこのような不完全な箇所は、 非常に困難かつ比較的高価な方法によってしか修復され得ない。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A vegetation object for greening an artificial plane The invention relates to an artificial plane according to the pre-characterized part according to claim 1. You. For the greening of artificial planes (especially the rooftops of buildings), vegetation objects are required which allow the growth of plants. To accomplish this, it is known to use rock wool mats or objects, especially including substrates, which are available after pre-cultivation as ready-made green vegetation objects. However, in many cases, the use of rock wool is undesirable for health reasons due to possible loss of fines. Vegetation objects made of rock wool offer the advantage of meeting the fire resistance requirements according to DIN 4102, part 7, without any further treatment. DE 25 13 686 discloses a supporting slab for vegetative growth without soil. The support slab is manufactured by mixing flakes of at least partially open porous foamed plastic with nutrients and binders and, if necessary, bulking agents. The foamed plastic and nutrients and, if necessary, the bulking agent are mixed, while in a separate process a special adhesive mixture is produced, which is subsequently separated by the foamed plastics and nutrients and optionally And uniformly mixed with the mixture of extenders. The whole mixture thus obtained is dried in a suitable mold (if necessary under pressure and / or heat); thus, a vegetation slab comprising mainly foamed plastics with the additives is formed. Is done. A similar vegetation slab is also known from German utility model 79 35 851. Such vegetation slabs have proven to be widely applicable, but they do not meet the requirements specified by DIN 4102 Part 7. In the case of vegetation slabs known hitherto, it is particularly difficult so far to provide proof of the resistance to fires and radiant heat caused by the sparks. So, for example, North Rhine-Westphalia's Minister of Urban Development, Housing and Transport No. 54) (Runderlaβ) states that in the case of a rooftop with extensive greening, the resistance to fire and radiant heat caused by sparks is at least 3 cm thick, containing up to 20% by weight of organic components. Is considered to be appropriate only when the base material layer is present. Thus, to date, vegetation-bearing objects with a higher percentage of organic substrate particles have addressed prejudice with respect to fire resistance. However, from a plant physiology standpoint, the proportion of organic material in excess of 20% by weight is sufficient to ensure that only these organic components can provide the required nutrients to the plant, especially through natural degradation processes. It can be advantageous. This is the starting point of the present invention. It is an object of the present invention to provide a vegetation stock of the type mentioned in the introduction, which contains more than 20% by weight of organic substances and yet meets the requirements specified by DIN 4102 Part 7. . This task is solved by a vegetation object of the type mentioned in the introduction, having the features of claim 1. The present invention provides a mixture comprising more than 20% by weight of organic base particles, wherein the mixture is foamed with a binder and germinable plant material (eg, seeds, buds, rhizomes, etc.) At least one surface added to the mixture and shown from the top surface of the vegetation object includes a flame retardant. The binder used can be a foamed plastic such as an elastic composite foam or flake foam (for example the products Desmodur or Desmophen). The use of latex as a binder can also be considered. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the organic component can be coconut fibers, in particular coconut fibers of a certain fraction (for example so-called husk chips). However, other organic particles, such as cannabis stalk, flax, or natural spongy material, can also be considered. These are all open materials suitable for retaining water. The surprising novelty of the vegetation objects according to the invention is, as such, the fact that the active attachment of flame retardants (preferably water glass) to vegetation objects makes it possible to extract organic substances which are advantageous from the physiological point of view of plants. It is particularly evident that the use of a minute is possible here without limiting the requirements of the vegetation object with regard to fire resistance. Providing the vegetation object with a flame retardant provides additional positive side effects. It has been observed that providing a suitable flame retardant (especially water glass) to the vegetation object allows for water accumulation in the vegetation object. Such accumulation of water can be highly desirable, especially over prolonged drying periods. Regarding water accumulation, the present invention also avoids the hitherto known approaches. So far, in particular in the German patent specification 25 13 686 and the German utility model 79 35 8 51, which have already been cited, the drains below the actual vegetation object are intended to drain water as quickly as possible. sponsored. This prevents the roof structures from being flooded, but at the same time the plants are exposed without prolonged exposure to sunlight during the longer dry season. This is because the vegetation objects known to date cannot store water and distribute it to plants, especially during critical drying periods. Embodiments of the vegetation object according to the invention provide a further advantage in that the vegetation object can be made in various forms, depending on the desired application. Thus, in a suitable shape, this can be used to green fiber-cement panels, but as well as greening trapezoidal steel roofs, as well as application as a molding for commercial balcony boxes or flower pots. For example, application as a substrate for lining vegetation mats, use in planting or sowing artificial surfaces is conceivable. To produce a vegetation object according to the invention, the required materials (if required) are granulated and mixed; the mixture is then foamed with a plant compatible binder and cast into a mold. Can be The invention has the further advantage in that it offers the possibility of industrial production, so that individual vegetation objects can be manufactured identically and the vegetation objects are similar. This is due to the fact that all the ingredients are mixed in the desired proportions and then foamed, and the finished vegetation object is made with a binder compatible with the plant, which then grows Immediately support and enable greening. A practical embodiment of the present invention provides a flame retardant to be incorporated into a vegetation object, a proportion of 1 to 30% by volume of the flame retardant, and a flame retardant that is water glass. A further advantageous embodiment of the invention may provide a flame retardant incorporated into the underside of the vegetation object or into at least one region of the outer edge of the vegetation object. The flame retardant (especially water glass) can be sprayed or applied by brush. In this way, penetration of the flame retardant into the vegetation object to a depth of about 0.5 cm can be achieved. In the case of any fire, combustion will only occur up to this lower or lateral 0.5 cm thick layer. It is particularly preferred that the vegetation object is greened by horticultural methods before installation on the roof. Here, greening of the vegetation object can be completed before installation on the roof due to intensive horticultural care on the ground surface. This is because, before installation on the roof, any part of the greenery that is incompletely planted can be erected in a relatively simple and ergonomically convenient manner, for example, by germinating plant material (especially sprouts). , Seeds, etc.) can be adjusted by applying them to imperfect locations. If the vegetation object begins to green only after application to the roof, such imperfections that occur can only be repaired by very difficult and relatively expensive methods.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1.有機基材粒子、栄養分、および合成材料成分の混合物で作製される人工平面 の緑化のための植生用物体であって;該混合物は、発泡プラスチック成分および 結合剤の添加により、結合して均一で堅固な物体を形成し、該混合物は、20重量 %を超える有機基材粒子の成分を含み、該混合物は、結合剤とともに発泡され、 種子、芽、根茎などのような発芽し得る植物材料は該混合物に添加され、そして 該植生用物体の上表面から示される少なくとも1つの表面は、難燃剤を含む、植 生用物体。 2.前記難燃剤が、前記植生用物体の中に組み込まれる、請求項1に記載の植生 用物体。 3.前記難燃剤の割合が、1〜30容量%である、請求項1または2に記載の植 生用物体。 4.前記難燃剤が、前記植生用物体の下側に組み込まれる、請求項1〜3の1項 に記載の植生用物体。 5.前記難燃剤が、前記植生用物体の外縁の少なくとも1つの領域に組み込まれ る、請求項1〜4の1項に記載の植生用物体。 6.前記植生用物体が、水ガラスである、請求項1〜5の1項に記載の植生用物 体。 7.前記有機基材粒子が、少なくとも部分的にココナッツ繊維を含む、請求項1 〜6の1項に記載の植生用物体。 8.前記ココナッツ繊維の少なくとも一部が、殻チップ画分である、請求項7に 記載の植生用物体。 9.前記植生用物体の緑化が、屋根への設置の前に園芸的方法により完了される 、請求項1〜8の1項に記載の植生用物体。[Claims] 1. Artificial plane made of a mixture of organic base particles, nutrients, and synthetic ingredients A vegetation object for greening of the plant; said mixture comprising a foamed plastic component and With the addition of the binder, it binds to form a uniform and solid body, the mixture % Of the components of the organic base particles, the mixture is foamed with a binder, Germinable plant materials such as seeds, buds, rhizomes, etc. are added to the mixture, and At least one surface shown from the top surface of the vegetation object includes a flame retardant. Raw objects. 2. The vegetation of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant is incorporated into the vegetation object. Object. 3. The plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the proportion of the flame retardant is 1 to 30% by volume. Raw objects. 4. 4. The fire retardant of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant is incorporated under the vegetation object. An object for vegetation according to item 1. 5. The flame retardant is incorporated into at least one region of an outer edge of the vegetation object A vegetation object according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 6. The vegetation object according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation object is water glass. body. 7. 2. The organic substrate particles at least partially comprising coconut fibers. The vegetation object according to any one of Items 1 to 6. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein at least a part of the coconut fiber is a shell chip fraction. Vegetation object as described. 9. Greening of the vegetation object is completed by horticultural methods before installation on the roof The vegetation object according to claim 1.
JP51374899A 1997-07-29 1998-07-01 Vegetation objects for greening artificial planes Pending JP2001519673A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732604 1997-07-29
DE19732604.8 1997-07-29
PCT/DE1998/001874 WO1999037135A1 (en) 1997-07-29 1998-07-01 Vegetation body for adding greenery to artificial planes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2001519673A true JP2001519673A (en) 2001-10-23

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Country Link
US (1) US6158168A (en)
EP (1) EP0961571A1 (en)
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EP0961571A1 (en) 1999-12-08

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