JP2001352941A - Method for increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid content of gramineous plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant of the family Gramineae containing GABA at a high concentration. SOLUTION: The content of GABA can be increased by immersing a plant of the family Gramineae in a solution of glutamic acid and/or its salt or a food material containing the acid, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to γ-
The present invention relates to a method for increasing the content of aminobutyric acid, a gramineous plant, fragmented or squeezed juice, or a dried powder thereof having an increased content, and a food material or a pharmaceutical raw material containing the dried powder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since .gamma.-aminobutyric acid (hereinafter referred to as GABA) has a blood pressure lowering effect, development of a food containing a large amount of GABA has been studied for people with hypertension. For example, a so-called GABARON tea has been conventionally known in which tea leaves are placed under anaerobic conditions in a tea manufacturing process and a large amount of GABA is accumulated in the tea leaves. JP-A-8-173111 discloses that coffee leaf tea having a high GABA concentration was obtained by a method of treating fresh coffee leaves in an anoxic condition, followed by heat treatment at a high temperature of 110 ° C. or higher and drying. I have. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-205
No. 989 describes that irradiation of tea leaves with infrared rays improves the content of GABA.

On the other hand, green leaves of grasses, such as young leaves of barley, are rich in vitamins, minerals and insoluble dietary fiber, adsorb harmful substances, improve the intestinal environment, suppress cholesterol absorption, and reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. It is attracting attention as a material for health foods having effects such as prevention of rapid rise and activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). If such a health food material contains GABA at a high concentration, an antihypertensive effect can be expected in addition to the above effects.

[0004]

Therefore, there is a need for a gramineous plant-derived food material containing GABA at a high concentration.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have studied novel useful components contained in grasses, and as a result,
It was discovered that the grasses contained GABA, which is known as an antihypertensive component. By immersing the leaves or stems of these grasses in a solution containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof or another food material containing them, the GABA content in the leaves or stems of the grasses is increased. That is, the present invention has been completed.
Hereinafter, the leaves and / or stems of the gramineous plants are collectively referred to as "gramine plants".

[0006] That is, the present invention provides a GAB method comprising the step of dipping a gramineous plant in a solution containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof or another food material containing them.
The present invention relates to a method for producing a Poaceae plant having an increased A content.

[0007] Preferably, the solution containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof or other food material containing them further contains an inorganic chloride.

[0008] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing GABA
The present invention relates to a method for producing a fragmented or squeezed grassy plant with an increased content of γ-aminobutyric acid, comprising a step of fragmenting and / or squeezing the grassy plant having an increased content.

Further, the present invention provides a gramineous plant having enhanced GABA content obtained by the above-mentioned method, and a step of drying and powdering the fragmented or squeezed juice thereof, the green leaf of the grassy plant and the fragmented product thereof. Or, it relates to a method for producing a dried powder of juice.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the gramineous plant used in each of the above methods is wheat.

[0011] The present invention further relates to a food material or a pharmaceutical raw material containing the above-mentioned method Poaceae plant, a fragment thereof or squeezed juice or a dry powder thereof.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present specification, a gramineous plant refers to all plants classified as Poaceae in a plant classification table. Specifically, barley, wheat, rye, oats,
Barley such as pigeon barley, Italian ryegrass, Italian ace; rice, bubble, bamboo grass, fly, cane, corn,
Examples include, but are not limited to, sorghum and sugarcane. Of these, wheat is particularly preferred.

As described above, the gramineous plant refers to the leaves and / or stems of the gramineous plant. In the present invention, the green leaves are preferable, and the young leaves harvested before the maturity stage are more preferable.

When the gramineous plant is a barley, there is no particular limitation, and as the plant, barley such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, barley, Italian ryegrass, Italian ace and the like are used. Can be suitably used. Preferably, these young leaves of barley are young leaves of barley harvested from the beginning of tillering to the early stage of heading (about 20 to 40 cm in height). More preferably, barley young leaves are used.

According to the present invention, the gramineous plant is washed with water or the like to remove mud or the like attached thereto, and then cut into an appropriate size (for example, 10 cm) as necessary. The processing is performed so that the medium GABA is increased (hereinafter, referred to as GABA enrichment processing).

The GABA enrichment treatment is performed by immersing a gramineous plant in a solution (dipping solution) containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof, or another food material containing them. As used herein, immersion solutions also include saturated or supersaturated solutions and suspensions of glutamic acid and / or its salts or other food ingredients containing them. A buffer generally used by those skilled in the art may be added to the immersion solution.

Examples of the glutamic acid salt include glutamic acid salts known to those skilled in the art, such as sodium glutamate, potassium glutamate, calcium glutamate and magnesium glutamate.

The other food material containing glutamic acid or a salt thereof used in the immersion solution of the present invention refers to a food material containing glutamic acid or a salt thereof other than a gramineous plant used. For example, seaweeds such as kelp and seaweed, mushrooms such as shiitake mushroom, maitake, fish such as bonito (including bonito), sardines, shellfish such as clams and shijimi,
Rice, wheat, soy (including these germs), tea leaves, mulberry leaves,
Vegetables (eg, tomatoes), citrus fruits (mesocarp, carnosperm), and the like, and food materials containing glutamic acid or a salt thereof at a relatively high concentration are preferably used. This includes those obtained by subjecting an edible protein to an enzyme treatment, a heat treatment, or the like to release or produce glutamic acid.

[0019] These food materials are added to a treatment liquid for grass plants (hereinafter simply referred to as a treatment liquid) according to the form. For example, these food materials may be added to the treatment liquid as they are to form a dipping solution, and the food materials may be cut into pieces,
Alternatively, the food material may be squeezed and added to the treatment liquid to form a soaking solution. Further, a dry powder of these food materials may be added to the treatment liquid to form a dipping solution. Alternatively, the components contained in the food material may be added to water, ethanol, etc., and if necessary, a solution eluted by heating may be added to the treatment liquid to form an immersion solution, or a dry powder of the eluted components may be added. Immersion solution. Alternatively, the eluate itself may be used as a soaking solution to soak the grass plant. For example, when the food material containing glutamic acid is dried kelp, GABA can be efficiently increased by subjecting the water containing the dried kelp to a heat treatment and using a solution (dashi soup) in which the components of the kelp are eluted as a soaking solution. You.

The temperature for the GABA enrichment treatment is within a range that does not inactivate the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid to GABA, and can be carried out preferably at 20 to 50 ° C, more preferably at 25 to 45 ° C.

It is also preferable to adjust the pH. The pH can be adjusted by adding a pH adjuster usually used by those skilled in the art, for example, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, and salts thereof. Alternatively, foods or food additives such as vinegar and kansui can also be used. G
The pH of the ABA enrichment treatment is usually from 3.5 to 9.0, preferably from 4.0 to 8.0, more preferably from 4.5 to 7.0, and most preferably from 5.0 to 6.0. Will be Even at pH-8, the amount of GABA is more than doubled, and when green leaves of grasses are used, they exhibit a brighter green color than those treated with acid and those without pH adjustment.
If the pH is lower than -4, the GABA enrichment efficiency is reduced, and the green leaves of the gramineous plants are browned. After the GABA enrichment treatment, the green color can be made vivid by immersing the green leaves of the gramineous plant in an alkaline solution or by adding an alkaline substance or a solution after fragmentation.

The time for the GABA enrichment treatment is usually 10 minutes to 24 hours. GABA is more than doubled if performed for more than 30 minutes.

The concentration of glutamic acid and / or its salt used in the immersion treatment is usually 0.1 to 40%, preferably 0.2 to 20%, more preferably 0.5 to 10%. Even if the glutamic acid (salt) concentration is increased to 20% or more, no further dramatic effect can be expected.
In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the concentration of glutamic acid or a salt thereof is% by weight.

The GABA enrichment treatment can also be performed by a heat treatment and / or an anaerobic treatment. This treatment is performed before, after, or at the same time as the treatment with the above-mentioned immersion solution, so that more efficient GABA enrichment is performed.

Anaerobic treatment means treatment with a gas containing almost no oxygen or oxygen-free gas. Including vacuum conditions. As the gas, nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide are preferably used. For example, it can be performed by bubbling a gas such as nitrogen directly into the immersion solution, replacing the surrounding gas, or degassing.

The time for the heat retention treatment and / or the anaerobic treatment is preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 6 hours. The temperature of the heat treatment and / or the anaerobic treatment is about 2
0 to 50C is preferred, and about 30 to 45C is more preferred.

Further, by adding an inorganic chloride such as pyridoxal phosphoric acid and salt to the immersion solution,
Alternatively, inhibitors such as organic acids or ATP may be removed from the reaction, thereby increasing GABA enrichment efficiency.

Examples of the inorganic chloride include those commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as sodium chloride (salt), calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride. Bittern, crude salt or the like may be used. They are,
It can be added at any concentration, but usually has a final concentration of 0.05
-20%, preferably 0.1-10%. For example, 100 g (wet weight) of young barley leaves
3% sodium glutamate solution (pH-6.0)
When immersed at 0 ° C. for 5 hours, GABA is increased by about 30% when sodium chloride is added so as to have a final concentration of 1% by weight as compared with the case where sodium chloride is not added.

[0029] The GABA content of the gramineous plant thus GABA-enriched is usually twice, preferably 3 times.
It can be increased by a factor of 5, more preferably by a factor of 5 or more.

The gramineous plants that have been GABA-enriched as described above are drained and then left as they are, cut into pieces, cut into pieces and then squeezed into juice, or They can be made into a food material or a pharmaceutical raw material by drying and pulverizing them. When used as a food material, it is preferable that the gramineous plant maintain its green color. When extracting and purifying a pharmaceutical raw material, for example, GABA, the extract is not necessarily green.

The shredding is a slice commonly used by those skilled in the art,
The method is performed by shredding or shredding a gramineous plant body. Shredding includes slurrying. The slurry is formed by treating with a juicer, a blender, a mass colloider or the like. As a result, the gramineous plant becomes a mushy porridge (a suspension of liquid and solid particles). Usually, it is flaked so that the average diameter is 1 mm or less, preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or less, and most preferably 0.05 mm, so that it has fluidity.

The shredded grasses (hereinafter sometimes referred to as shreds) can also be pressed into juice. Juices can be obtained by directly pressing the gramineous plants or pressing the shreds, and further, if necessary, by centrifuging or filtering them. By this operation, insoluble matter such as insoluble dietary fiber can be removed. At the time of squeezing, water, an ethanol solution or a buffer (including an isotonic solution) or the like may be added as necessary.

An extract can also be prepared from a GABA-enriched grass plant. At any stage after the GABA enrichment treatment, the extract of the grass plant is added to a green leaf or a fragment thereof or a dry powder thereof with a solvent commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as water or an ethanol solution, and added as needed. Extracted by heating (including extract and its concentrate). In the present specification, the extract is included in the juice.

The gramineous plant obtained by the above method may be subjected to blanching treatment. By the blanching treatment, enzymes involved in alteration (green discoloration, change in flavor, etc.) contained in the Poaceae plant are inactivated, and long-term storage becomes possible. Examples of the blanching treatment include a hot water treatment and a steam treatment. However, in these treatments, the GABA in the gramineous plant is lost, so that the microwave treatment is preferable. By microwave processing,
Processes grasses, dry powder, shreds, juice,
Alternatively, when the extract is produced, the green color of the grass family is maintained, the decrease in GABA content is suppressed, and GABA is retained. Not only GABA, but also vitamins (especially water-soluble vitamins), minerals,
The active ingredient such as chlorophyll is retained, and the vivid green color of the green leaves is prevented from discoloring and the flavor is prevented from changing.

The microwave treatment may be carried out within a range in which enzymes involved in alteration, which are present in the grasses, are inactivated or green color is not lost by heating. Such a range can be appropriately adjusted by the wavelength of the microwave, the output of the microwave irradiation device, the irradiation time, and the like. For example, when a microwave of 2450 MHz and 500 W is applied, 0.5 g to 10 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 5 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 1 minute per 100 g (wet weight) of wheat young leaves (green leaves). It is processed. If it is less than 0.5 minutes, the inactivation of the enzyme is insufficient, and the green leaves after the treatment are apt to fade. Further, if the treatment is performed for 10 minutes or more, the color tends to fade and the GABA tends to decrease.

Microwave treatment may be performed on the gramineous plants after turning them into shreds or juice.

Alternatively, depending on the processed form of the gramineous plant, the pressure may be 80 to 150 under normal pressure, increased pressure or reduced pressure.
A heat treatment commonly used by those skilled in the art can be performed at a temperature of 2 to 180 seconds.

Considering the destruction of nutrients, it is desirable that these treatments be performed in a short time, and it is more preferable to perform a quenching treatment after the treatment. The cooling treatment can be performed by, for example, immersing in a water bath or an ice bath, cooling with cold air, evaporating and cooling with warm air, or refrigeration. May be frozen. Since the enzymes related to the alteration in the gramineous plants obtained by these treatments are inactivated, it is possible to stably retain the contained components for a long period of time. Moreover, since vivid green color is maintained, the commercial value when used as, for example, health foods or raw materials thereof is high. First, after these treatments are performed on a gramineous plant, the resulting green gramineous plant may be used as shreds and squeezed juice.

A grassy plant obtained as described above,
The shreds and juice can be further dried and powdered as needed.

The drying is performed so that the water content is 10% or less, preferably 5% or less. For example, the treated grass plant, the fragmented product thereof, and the squeezed juice are dried by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art such as hot air drying, high pressure steam drying, electromagnetic wave drying, spray drying, and freeze drying. Drying by heating is preferably 50 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably 55 ° C to 65 ° C.
The heating can be carried out at a temperature and for a time at which the green color of the green leaves does not change color by heating at ℃. Dextrin, if necessary
Spray drying can also be performed by adding excipients such as cyclodextrin, starch, and maltose.

The obtained dried product is further pulverized to obtain a dry powder. Grinding can be performed according to a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, for example, using a crusher, a mill, a blender, a stone mill, or the like. The dried powder is sieved as necessary, and for example, a powder that passes through a 30 to 250 mesh sieve may be used. When the particle size is smaller than 250 mesh, it is difficult to perform further processing when used as a food material or a pharmaceutical raw material. If the particle size is larger than 30 mesh,
For example, uniform mixing with other food ingredients is prevented.

These can be further sterilized by any technique commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as air sterilization, high-pressure sterilization, and heat sterilization.

The dry powder (whether green or not) of the grass plant prepared by the GABA enrichment treatment as described above has a GABA content of at least 500 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight. , Preferably 80
0 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 1200 mg /
100 g or more, most preferably 1600 mg / 100 g
That is all. On the other hand, when the GABA enrichment treatment is not performed, it is at most about 400 mg / 100 g.

The GABA content of the dried powder (whether green or not) of the squeezed gramineous plant prepared by performing the GABA enrichment treatment as described above is at least 800 mg in terms of dry weight. / 100 g or more, preferably 1200 mg / 100 g or more, more preferably 160 mg / 100 g or more.
0 mg / 100 g or more, most preferably 2000 mg /
100 g or more. On the other hand, when the GABA enrichment treatment is not performed, it is at most about 600 mg / 100 g.

The gramineous plant, the fragment thereof, the juice, the extract or the dry powder thereof having an increased GABA content as described above may be used as it is or as an excipient, extender, binder, thickener. It can be used as a raw material for foods, beverages and their materials, and for pharmaceuticals, or as feed for livestock and pets by mixing with agents, emulsifiers, coloring agents, flavors, food additives, seasonings and the like. For example, royal jelly, vitamins, protein, calcium, chitosan, lecithin, etc. are blended, and the taste can be adjusted by adding a sugar solution or a seasoning. Alternatively, an excess of glutamic acid and / or
Alternatively, the salt thereof can be removed. These can be formed, if necessary, as capsules such as hard capsules and soft capsules, tablets or pills, or into shapes such as powder, granules, tea, tea bags or candy. These may be eaten as they are, or may be dissolved in water, hot water or milk, and may be drunk, or may be drunk after leaching the components, depending on their shape or taste.

Further, it is also possible to purify a pure GABA product using a raw material which has been subjected to GABA enrichment treatment by the method of the present invention as a raw material.

[0047]

The following examples are for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the invention.

(Example 1) As a raw material, the height is about 30 cm.
The young leaves (green leaves) of barley harvested in the above were used. This was washed with water to remove attached mud and the like. Next, 200 g of young barley leaves cut to about 5 cm were immersed in a 3% sodium glutamate solution (2 liters), incubated at various temperatures shown in Table 1 for 4 hours, and then washed with water. After freeze-drying the mixture, use a blender for 200 hours.
The powder was pulverized so that about 90% of the mesh passed through to obtain a dry powder. The GABA content of these dry powders was measured using an automatic amino acid analyzer under the following conditions. Table 1 shows the results. In the table, "untreated" refers to the GABA content of young barley leaves (fresh leaves) freeze-dried and powdered in the same manner, and the GABA enrichment ratio refers to the untreated barley young leaves. This is the GABA content when the GABA content is 100%.

<Operation Conditions of Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer> Model: JLC-500 / V (JEOL Ltd.) Power Ram: LCR-6, 4 mm × 90 mm (JEOL Ltd.) Mobile phase: lithium citrate buffer ( JEOL Ltd.) P-21 (pH 2.98, Li 0.105 mol / l) 0 → 16.3 min P-12 (pH 3.28, Li 0.26 mol / l) 16.3 → 36.1 min P-13 (pH 3.46, Li 0.80 mol / l) 36.1 → 56.0 min P-14 (pH 2.83, Li 1.54 mol / l) 56.0 → 63.4 min P-15 (pH 3.65, Li 1.54 mol / l) 63.4 → 80.0 min Reaction solution: Ninhydrin / hydridantine TS (Wako Pure) Temperature: Column 35 ° C (0 → 16.3 min), 64 ° C (15.3 → 31.0 min) 44 ° C (31.0 → 44.4 min), 72 ° C (63.4 → 80.0 min) Reaction tank 135 ° C Flow rate: Mobile phase 0.50 ml / min Reaction solution 0.30 ml / min Measurement wavelength: 570 nm

[0050]

[Table 1]

The results in Table 1 show that young barley leaves were immersed in a sodium glutamate solution at 20 to 50 ° C.
4 shows that GABA content is increased.

Example 2 200 g of barley young leaves cut in the same manner as in Example 1 were adjusted to various pH values shown in Table 2 using citric acid or sodium carbonate (2 L). After being immersed at 30 ° C. for 4 hours, it was washed with water. This was freeze-dried, and the GABA content of a dry powder pulverized using a blender so that about 90% of the powder passed through a 200 mesh was measured. Table 2 shows the results
Shown in

[0053]

[Table 2]

The results in Table 2 show that the young barley leaves were pH-4.0 to 4.0.
It shows that GABA content increases by immersion in sodium glutamate solution adjusted to around 8.0.

Example 3 200 g of barley young leaves cut in the same manner as in Example 1 were adjusted to various concentrations shown in Table 3 in glutamic acid solution (pH 6.0 using citric acid).
Was immersed at 30 ° C. for 4 hours and washed with water.
This was freeze-dried, and the dried powder GA was crushed using a blender so that about 90% of the powder passed through 200 mesh.
Table 3 shows the results of measuring the BA content.

[0056]

[Table 3]

The results in Table 3 show that immersion in a solution of 0.5% or more sodium glutamate increases GABA.

Example 4 200 g of young barley leaves cut in the same manner as in Example 1 were treated with citric acid at pH -6.
10% glutamic acid solution adjusted to 0 (2 liters)
After immersion at 30 ° C. for various times described in Table 4,
Washed with water. After freeze-drying, the GABA content of the dry powder pulverized using a blender so that about 90% of the powder passed through 200 mesh was measured. Table 4 shows the results.

[0059]

[Table 4]

The results in Table 4 show that incubation for more than 30 minutes results in sufficient GABA enrichment.

Example 5 200 g of young barley leaves cut in the same manner as in Example 1 were added to a 3% glutamic acid solution (2 liters) adjusted to pH-6.0 using citric acid, acetic acid and vinegar at 30 ° C. And then washed with water. This was freeze-dried, and then dried using a blender.
The ABA content was measured. Table 5 shows the results.

[0062]

[Table 5]

The results in Table 5 show that GABA enrichment is performed efficiently with these pH adjusters.

Example 6 60 g of commercially available dried kelp was used for 1.
After being immersed in 5 liters of water, it was heated and taken out.
The stock was further filtered with gauze and cooled. Then, the stock (1 liter) was adjusted to pH-6.0, and 100 g of young barley leaves cut in the same manner as in Example 1 was added thereto.
After immersion at 0 ° C. for 4 hours, it was washed with water. After freeze-drying this, using a blender, 200 mesh was reduced to 90%.
The GABA content of the dry powder ground to a degree that the degree passed was measured. Table 6 shows the results.

[0065]

[Table 6]

The results in Table 6 show that GABA enrichment is achieved even with food materials containing glutamic acid.

Example 7 pH -6 was determined using citric acid.
A 3% sodium glutamate solution adjusted to 0 and a solution obtained by adding salt (1% final concentration) thereto were prepared. Then, these solutions were cut in the same manner as in Example 1
After immersing 00 g of young barley leaves at 30 ° C. for 4 hours, they were washed with water. After freeze-drying this, use a blender for 2 hours.
The GABA content of the dry powder ground to about 90% through a 00 mesh was measured. Table 7 shows the results.

[0068]

[Table 7]

The results in Table 7 show that GABA was obtained by adding sodium chloride in addition to sodium glutamate.
It shows that enrichment occurs efficiently.

Example 8 Barley young leaves cut at a height of about 30 cm and green leaves of Italian ryegrass and rice (Koshihikari) cut at a height of about 20 cm were each cut to about 5 cm, and pH-cut with citric acid.
It was immersed in a 10% sodium glutamate solution adjusted to 6.0 at 30 ° C. for 4 hours, and then washed with water. After freeze-drying this, 200 mesh was mixed with a blender to 9
GABA of dry powder ground to about 0%
The content was measured. Table 8 shows the results.

[0071]

[Table 8]

The results in Table 8 show that the GABA enrichment treatment of the present invention enriches GABA not only in green leaves of barley but also in green leaves of Italian ryegrass and rice, which are grasses.

[0073]

Industrial Applicability The amount of GABA can be increased by immersing a gramineous plant in a solution of glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof or a food material containing them. Also,
Using this as a raw material, a food material or a pharmaceutical raw material derived from a gramineous plant containing GABA at a high concentration can be obtained.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a gramineous plant having an increased γ-aminobutyric acid content, comprising a step of immersing the gramineous plant in a solution containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof or another food material containing them. how to. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solution containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof or another food material containing them further comprises an inorganic chloride. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the γ-aminobutyric acid content is increased, comprising a step of shredding and / or pressing the Gramineous plant having an increased γ-aminobutyric acid content. A method for producing a fragmented or squeezed plant of a gramineous plant. 4. A gramineous plant having a γ-aminobutyric acid content enhanced by the method according to claim 1, and a step of drying and powdering a fragment or squeezed juice thereof. A method for producing a dry powder of a body, a fragment thereof or a squeezed juice. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grass is a barley.
5. The method according to any one of items 1 to 4. 6. A food material or a pharmaceutical raw material comprising a gramineous plant obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, fragmented or squeezed juice thereof, or a dried powder thereof.