JP3430127B2 - Method for increasing the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid in shredded cruciferous plants - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to γ-aminobutyric acid (hereinafter referred to as G
ABA) content, a GABA content-enriched fragment, squeezed juice, or a dry powder thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since GABA has a blood pressure lowering action, development of foods containing a large amount of GABA for people with hypertension is under study. For example, in the past, so-called gabalon tea has been known in which tea leaves that have been plucked are placed under anaerobic conditions in the process of manufacturing tea to accumulate GABA in large amounts in the tea leaves. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-173111 describes that coffee leaf tea having a high GABA concentration is obtained by a method in which fresh coffee leaves are treated in an oxygen-free state, and then heat-treated and dried at a high temperature of 110 ° C. or higher. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-205989 discloses that tea leaves are irradiated with infrared rays to improve the GABA content.

On the other hand, cruciferous plants such as kale contain a large amount of components such as vitamins, and are attracting attention as health foods. Cruciferous plants such as kale are squeezed or made into a dry powder and used for drinking and eating. A method of squeezing a cruciferous plant to obtain juice is described in, for example, JP-A-10-42841. According to this method, a cruciferous plant (for example, cabbage) is shredded, vitamin C is added, and the mixture is heat-treated and then squeezed into juice, so that there is a problem that heat-sensitive nutrients are decomposed. . Further, Japanese Patent No. 2796227 describes a method of obtaining a dry powder of a cruciferous plant by combining preliminary drying for 12 to 13 hours and far infrared rays and treating at a relatively low temperature. However, the conventional method has a drawback that only the nutrients possessed by cruciferous plants such as kale are edible. Therefore, a component having additional nutrients and certain medicinal effects on cruciferous plants (eg GA
BA) is added, rather than by the above extraction,
Since a large amount of active ingredient (for example, GABA) can be directly ingested, further effect as a health food is expected.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
It is intended to provide a Brassicaceae plant containing BA at a high concentration or a food material using them.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors investigated new useful components contained in leaves of cruciferous plants. As a result, it was discovered that those leaves contained GABA known as an antihypertensive component. And
After the leaves of these cruciferous plants are shredded or squeezed, glutamic acid or a salt thereof or another food material containing them is added to the shredded cruciferous plant or its squeezed juice. The present invention has been completed by finding that the GABA content of B.

That is, the present invention is characterized in that glutamic acid or a salt thereof or another food material containing them is added to the fragmented or squeezed leaves of cruciferous plants, and the content of γ-aminobutyric acid is The present invention relates to a method for producing an increased fragmentation of a cruciferous plant or its juice.

In a preferred embodiment, the gamma-aminobutyric acid content is increased in the presence of inorganic chloride by glutamic acid or its salt or other food material containing them.

The present invention also produces a powder of a cruciferous plant or a squeezed juice of the cruciferous plant having a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid or a squeezed juice thereof to produce a dry powder. On how to do.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Plants of the family Brassicaceae in the present specification include cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower,
Examples thereof include kale, radish, and horseradish, and kale is particularly preferable. In the present invention, the term “Brassicaceae plant” also includes a part of leaves, stems, flowers and the like. In addition, in the present invention, the leaves of the cruciferous plant include not only leaf parts but also stem parts and flower parts.

According to the present invention, the leaves of the cruciferous plant are
After cleaning the mud adhered with water etc., if necessary,
It is cut into pieces of appropriate size.

The fragmentation is carried out by a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as slicing, crushing, shredding and the like to fragment the plant body. Slicing is also included in fragmentation. Slurrying is performed by treating with a juicer, blender, mass colloider, or the like. As a result, the green leaf becomes a muddy porridge (a suspension of liquid and solid particles). In the green leaf, 80% or more of the small pieces have an average diameter of 1 mm or less, preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or less, and most preferably 0.05.
It may be divided into pieces having a size of mm so as to have fluidity.

GABA is used for the juice obtained by squeezing fragmented green leaves (hereinafter sometimes referred to as fragmented products).
Enrichment processing may be performed.

Juice of green leaves can be obtained directly or by shredding the green leaves and then pressing, and further centrifuging or filtering them.
The squeezed juice may be prepared after adding a solution such as water or a buffer solution (including an isotonic solution), if necessary.

The GABA enrichment treatment is carried out by decomposing leaves of cruciferous plants or juice into glutamic acid or a salt thereof,
Alternatively, it can be carried out by adding a food material containing them or an extract thereof. GABA is an enzyme that exists on the surface and inside leaves of cruciferous plants.
The GABA content is increased by changing the value to. Brassicaceae are particularly suitable for GABA enrichment treatment and can increase GABA content.

Examples of the salt of glutamic acid include salts of glutamic acid known to those skilled in the art, such as sodium glutamate, potassium glutamate, calcium glutamate and magnesium glutamate. Glutamic acid or its salt may be added directly, or a solution containing a high concentration may be added.

Glutamic acid and / or used in the present invention
Alternatively, the other food material containing a salt thereof means a food material containing glutamic acid or a salt thereof other than that which is inherent in the fragmented leaves or the juice used. For example, seaweed such as kelp and seaweed, mushrooms such as shiitake and maitake,
Skipjack (including bonito flakes), fish such as sardines, clams, shellfish such as clams, rice, wheat, soybean (including these germs), tea leaves, mulberry leaves, vegetables (for example, tomatoes), citrus fruits (mesocarps, starch) Sac) and the like, and a food material containing glutamic acid and / or a salt thereof in a relatively high concentration is preferably used. This includes those obtained by subjecting edible protein to enzyme treatment, heat treatment or the like to release or generate glutamic acid.

These food materials are in their original form,
May be added to crucifers or squeezed leaves of cruciferous plants, if necessary shredded, or squeezed food material, or added to shredded or squeezed as an aqueous solution Good. Further, dry powders of these food materials may be added to the shredded product or the squeezed juice. Alternatively, the ingredients contained in the food material may be added to water, ethanol, or the like, and a solution eluted by heating if necessary, or
A dry powder of the eluted components may be added to the shredded product or the juice. For example, when the food material containing glutamic acid is dried kelp, GABA can be efficiently increased by slicing the dried kelp and immersing it in leaf shredded or squeezed juice of cruciferous plants and stirring. .

The temperature of the leaf fragments or squeezed juice during the GABA enrichment treatment is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the temperature is such that the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid to GABA is not deactivated, It can be carried out at 10 to 55 ° C, preferably 20 to 50 ° C, more preferably 25 to 45 ° C.

The pH of the fragment or juice during the GABA enrichment process may be adjusted as appropriate. GAB is used to adjust the pH.
A The purpose is to accelerate the enrichment process and to make the product color bright green. The method of adjusting the pH may be a method of adjusting with a pH adjusting agent that is usually used by those skilled in the art. P of leaf fragment or juice during GABA enrichment
H is usually 3.5 to 9.0, preferably 4.0 to 8.
0, and more preferably 4.5 to 7.0. Also, the pH
If the leaves are adjusted to the alkaline side, the leaves will show a brighter green color than the leaves treated with acid and those not treated. Performing the treatment at a pH of -3 or lower is GABA.
It is not preferable because the enrichment efficiency may decrease and the leaves turn brown.

The GABA enrichment treatment time is 10 minutes to 2 minutes.
It is good to do it for 4 hours. If it is carried out for 30 minutes or more, the GABA content will increase dramatically.

The amount of glutamic acid used for the enrichment treatment of GABA may be appropriately adjusted depending on the amount of GABA to be enriched, but normally it is 0. 01-40% (unit is weight%, the same below unless otherwise specified), preferably 0.2-20%,
More preferably, 0.5 to 20% of glutamic acid or its salt is added.

The GABA enrichment treatment is likely to be effective when performed under the conditions of anaerobic treatment. The anaerobic treatment can be performed, for example, by directly passing nitrogen through the immersion solution by bubbling or the like, replacing the surrounding gas, or degassing. Further, in the GABA enrichment treatment, the GABA enrichment is promoted by holding the GABA at an appropriate temperature.

The time for heat retention or anaerobic treatment is 10 minutes to 2
4 hours are preferable, and 1 to 6 hours are more preferable. The temperature of the heat retention treatment or the anaerobic treatment is preferably about 20 to 50 ° C, more preferably about 30 to 45 ° C.

Furthermore, by adding pyridoxal phosphoric acid, inorganic chloride such as salt, etc. to the dipping solution,
Alternatively, GABA enrichment efficiency can be increased by removing an organic acid or an inhibitor such as ATP from the reaction system. Examples of the inorganic chloride include inorganic chlorides known to those skilled in the art, such as sodium chloride (salt), calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride. You may use bittern, crude salt and the like. These may be added at any concentration, but usually the final concentration is 0.01 to
20%, preferably 0.02 to 10% is added. For example, 100% (wet weight) of kale is added with 3% sodium glutamate (pH-6.
If the sodium chloride is added at a final concentration of 0.5% by weight in the case of 0) held at 30 ° C. for 5 hours, GABA is increased by about 30% as compared with the case where it is not added.

The shredded or squeezed juice of the cruciferous plant obtained by the above-mentioned GABA-enrichment treatment has an increased GABA content as compared with that without the GABA-enrichment treatment.

The GABA-enriched crucifer fragments or squeezed juice may be directly used as a product,
Steaming, microwave irradiation, infrared treatment, anaerobic treatment, etc. can be used alone or in combination with multiple processes to heat and retain the heat, and if necessary, cooling treatment, dry powdering, etc. material,
Or it can be feed.

In particular, the microwave irradiation treatment suppresses the time-dependent decrease of the GABA content, vitamins (particularly water-soluble vitamins), minerals, chlorophyll and other active ingredients, and produces a vivid green color of green leaves. Fading and changes in flavor are suppressed.

It is desirable that the microwave irradiation treatment is carried out within a range in which the enzyme involved in fading can be deactivated and the green color can be retained, and the active ingredient does not disappear due to excessive irradiation. Microwave irradiation processing, the output of the irradiation device,
It may be appropriately adjusted depending on the wavelength of the microwave, irradiation time, and the type and amount of cruciferous plant. For example, 24 per 100 g (wet weight) of the cruciferous plant kale
When a microwave of 50 MHz and 500 W is applied, the treatment is performed for 0.5 to 10 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 5 minutes, more preferably 0.5 to 1 minute. If it is less than 0.5 minutes, inactivation of the enzyme is insufficient and fading easily occurs. Also, 1
If it is treated for 0 minutes or longer, the active ingredient may decrease.

In addition, infrared treatment, anaerobic treatment, or heat-retaining treatment has the effect of promoting the activity of the enzyme that converts glutamic acid into GABA and increasing the GABA content.

The infrared treatment is carried out at 20 to 50 ° C., preferably 25 to 45 ° C., by using, for example, an infrared irradiation device of about 400 W and hermetically closing the moisture of the object to be treated so as not to evaporate.
It is carried out by holding for 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.

Anaerobic treatment means, for example, treatment with an oxygen-free gas or an oxygen-free gas, and includes a vacuum state. Carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas are preferably used as the gas. The holding temperature is 20 to 50 ° C,
The temperature is preferably 25 to 45 ° C., and the holding time is 10 minutes to 7
It is 2 hours, preferably 3 to 24 hours.

The heat insulation treatment is carried out, for example, under sealed condition under 2
Applying warm air at 0 to 50 ° C, preferably 30 to 45 ° C, 3
It is carried out by holding for 0 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours. Further, it is carried out by keeping hot water at 20 to 50 ° C., preferably 30 to 45 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.

By the microwave treatment, the enzyme relating to the alteration in the leaves of the obtained cruciferous plant is inactivated, so that the contained components can be stably retained for a long period of time. Moreover, since it retains a bright green color, it has a high commercial value when used as a health food or a raw material thereof.

The processed product of the cruciferous plant obtained as described above can be dried and powdered if necessary.

In the above drying step, the water content is 10% or less,
It is preferably performed so as to be 5% or less. For example, the leaf debris and squeezed juice after treatment are dried with hot air, high pressure steam,
It can be carried out by drying using any method known to those skilled in the art such as electromagnetic wave drying, spray drying and freeze drying. Drying by heating can be carried out preferably at 50 ° C to 80 ° C, more preferably at 55 ° C to 60 ° C at a temperature and for a time period during which the green color of the leaves does not change due to heating. If necessary, an excipient such as dextrin, cyclodextrin, starch, maltose or the like may be added and spray-dried.

A dry powder is obtained by further pulverizing the obtained dried product. The pulverization can be performed according to a known method, for example, using a crusher, a mill, a blender, a stone mill and the like. The dry powder is optionally sieved, and for example, one that passes through a 30-250 mesh sieve can be used. If the particle size is smaller than 250 mesh, it may be difficult to perform further processing when used as a food material or a drug material. If the particle size is larger than 30 mesh, for example, uniform mixing with other food materials is prevented.

The dried powder may be sterilized by ordinary methods such as air stream sterilization, high pressure sterilization, heat sterilization and the like.

Originally, about 30 leaves are contained in the leaves of cruciferous plants.
mg / 100g (Approximately 170mg / 100g in dry weight)
GABA is included, but by the GABA enrichment treatment of the present invention, for example, at least 180 mg
/ 100 g or more (in the present invention, the unit is a dry weight unless otherwise specified), preferably 200 mg /
100 g or more, more preferably 300 mg / 100 g
Or more, more preferably 500 mg / 100 g or more,
Even more preferably, GABA can be increased to 1000 mg / 100 g or more. The upper limit of the amount of GABA is not specified, but the concentration of glutamic acid or the like added to the GABA enrichment treatment, the treatment time, the temperature of the solution, the pH of the solution, the microwave irradiation treatment described above, the infrared treatment, the anaerobic treatment, etc. It is possible to enrich about 3000 mg / 100 g by using a single kind or a combination of plural kinds.

As described above, the leaf fragments, squeezed juices, extracts or their dry powders of the cruciferous plant having the increased GABA content may be used as they are, or may be used as an excipient, a bulking agent, a binder, a thickening agent. Mixtures with agents, emulsifiers, colorants, flavors, food additives, seasonings, etc. to serve as foods, beverages and their materials, and raw materials for pharmaceuticals, or as animal feed such as livestock and pets. it can. For example, royal jelly, vitamins, proteins, calcium, chitosan, lecithin, etc. may be added, and sugar solution and seasonings may be added to adjust the taste. Alternatively, excess glutamic acid or its salt can be removed. And, if necessary, these can be formed into capsules such as hard capsules and soft capsules, tablets or pills, or formed into powder, granules, teas, tea bags, or candy. These may be eaten as they are, or may be dissolved in water, hot water, milk, or the like, or may be infused after infusing the components, depending on the shape or taste.

Further, it is also possible to purify a pure GABA product by using a raw material enriched in GABA by the method of the present invention as a raw material.

[0041]

Example (Example 1) Kale was used as a raw material. Wash this with water to wash away the mud that has adhered, cut into 5 cm square pieces, and use a wet pulverizer to obtain an average diameter of 0.5.
It was made into pieces of about mm. Due to the fragmentation treatment, most of the particles had an average diameter of 1 mm or less. After this, the strips were squeezed and further filtered to remove the fiber components, to obtain juice.
Then, a 30% sodium glutamate solution was added to this juice (100 ml) so that the final concentration was 3%, and the mixture was stirred at various temperatures shown in Table 1 for 4 hours. This was freeze-dried and then pulverized to a dry powder by crushing 200 mesh to the extent that about 90% of it passed. The GABA content of these dry powders was measured under the following conditions using an amino acid automatic analyzer. The results are shown in Table 1. In the table, untreated means that fresh leaves of kale are fragmented, and the juice obtained by pressing is immediately frozen without adding a sodium glutamate solution, immediately dried, and dried to obtain a GA powder.
The BA content, which is the GABA enrichment ratio, indicates the GABA content in a scale factor when the GABA content in the untreated kale is 1.

<Operating conditions of amino acid automatic analyzer> Model: JLC-500 / V (JEOL Ltd.) Column: LCR-6, 4 mm x 90 mm (JEOL Ltd.) Mobile phase: lithium citrate buffer (Japan Electronics Co., Ltd.) P-21 (pH 2.98, Li 0.105 mol / l) 0 → 16.3 min P-12 (pH 3.28, Li 0.26 mol / l) 16.3 → 36.1 min P-13 (pH 3.46, Li 0.80 mol / l) ) 36.1 → 56.0 min P-14 (pH 2.83, Li 1.54 mol / l) 56.0 → 63.4 min P-15 (pH 3.65, Li 1.54 mol / l) 63.4 → 80.0 min Reaction solution: Ninhydrin / hydridanthin reagent (Wako Pure Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Temperature: Column 35 ℃ (0 → 16.3 min), 64 ℃ (15.3 → 31.0)
min) 44 ℃ (31.0 → 44.4 min), 72 ℃ (63.4 → 80.0min) Reaction tank 135 ℃ Flow rate: Mobile phase 0.50 ml / min Reaction solution 0.30 ml / min Measurement wavelength: 570 nm

[0043]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, it can be seen that GABA is enriched even when the temperature of the dipping solution is variously changed. Especially at a sodium glutamate solution concentration of 3%, the temperature of the solution should be 3
The GABA content is most increased by setting the temperature to about 0 ° C.

(Example 2) 30% by weight sodium glutamate solution (100 ml) was added to the kale juice prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 so that the final concentration was 3%, and then citric acid or The various pHs listed in Table 2 were adjusted using sodium carbonate. GAB is a dry powder obtained by stirring this for 4 hours while maintaining it at 30 ° C., lyophilizing it, and crushing it so that about 90% of it passes through 200 mesh.
The A content was measured. The results are shown in Table 2. For comparison, the kale squeezed product was not treated by adding sodium glutamate, but a powdery dried product was prepared as shown in Table 2.
Shown as untreated.

[0046]

[Table 2]

From Table 2, p of sodium glutamate solution
It has been found that H may be any, but a preferable pH is about 5.0.

(Example 3) To the juice obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, sodium glutamate was added so that the final concentrations were various concentrations shown in Table 3, and then pH was adjusted to 5 with citric acid. Adjusted to 0. Then, these were stirred for 4 hours while maintaining at 30 ° C., and then freeze-dried, and G of a dry powder obtained by pulverizing 200 mesh to pass about 90%
The content of ABA was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. For comparison, a powdery dried product without adding sodium glutamate to the kale juice and treated was shown in Table 3 as untreated.

[0049]

[Table 3]

From Table 3, it can be seen that GABA is increased by adding the sodium glutamate solution to the kale juice. Also, depending on the concentration of the solution, GABA
It was found that the content of was changed.

Example 4 To the juice obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, 30% by weight sodium glutamate was added so that the final concentration was 3%, and the pH was adjusted to 5.
Adjusted to 0. This was stirred for various times shown in Table 4 while being kept at 30 ° C., freeze-dried, and then pulverized so that about 90% of it passed through 200 mesh to produce a dry powder. Then, the content of GABA was measured. The results are shown in Table 4. For comparison, a powdery dried product without adding sodium glutamate to kale juice and treated was shown in Table 4 as untreated.

[0052]

[Table 4]

From Table 4, it was found that GABA was sufficiently enriched by incubating for 30 minutes or longer.

Example 5 To the juice obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, 50 g of commercially available dry kelp crushed to the extent that about 90% of 200 mesh passes was added, and the solution was diluted with water. Then, a glutamic acid solution having a final concentration of 0.1% was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 6.0 using citric acid.
The mixture was stirred for 4 hours while maintaining it at 30 ° C., freeze-dried, and pulverized so that about 90% of it passed through 200 mesh to produce a dry powder. Then, the content of GABA was measured. The results are shown in Table 5. In addition, for comparison, the dried kelp was not treated by adding dried kelp and the powdery dried product was shown in Table 5 as untreated.

[0055]

[Table 5]

From Table 5, the GABA enrichment treatment of the present invention is
It has been found that this can also be done using a food material containing glutamic acid.

Example 6 Juice was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 from leaves of the cruciferous plants kale, cabbage and broccoli. A suitable amount of citric acid was added to these juices to adjust the pH to 5.0. Then, a 30 wt% sodium glutamate solution was added so that the final concentration was 3%, and the mixture was stirred at 30 ° C. for 5 hours. This was freeze-dried and pulverized to the extent that 90% of it passed through 200 mesh to produce a dry powder. The content of these GABA was measured. The results are shown in Table 6. For comparison, the squeezed juice of kale, cabbage, and broccoli, which was made into a powdery dried product without adding sodium glutamate, is shown in Table 6 as untreated.

[0058]

[Table 6]

From Table 6, the GABA enrichment treatment of the present invention is
It was found to be effective not only in kale but also in cruciferous plants such as cabbage and broccoli.

[0060]

[Effects of the Invention] By adding glutamic acid or a salt thereof or another food material containing them to a fragment of a cruciferous plant or its juice, a GABA containing a fragment of a cruciferous plant or its juice The quantity is increased. In addition, a food material for a cruciferous plant, a raw material for a drug, and a feed containing GABA at a high concentration can be obtained by using the shredded product or the squeezed material as a raw material, or the dry powder thereof as a raw material.

Continuation of front page (56) Reference JP-A-3-244366 (JP, A) JP-A-7-227245 (JP, A) JP-A-9-238650 (JP, A) JP-A-2000-14356 (JP, A) JP 2001-352941 (JP, A) JP 2001-352942 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23L 1/212-1/218 A23L 1/27 -1/308 JISST file (JOIS) PubMed

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. Kale, cabbage, or broccoli
The step of adding glutamic acid or a salt thereof or another food material containing them to the fragment of the leaf part, the stem part, or the flower part or the juice thereof, the gamma-aminobutyric acid content is glutamic acid or a salt thereof. Or contain them
4.3 to 9.9 times more than before adding other food materials
Of enhanced kale, cabbage, or broccoli
A method for producing a fragment of a leaf portion, a stem portion, or a flower portion or a juice thereof. 2. The kale, cabbage, or broccoli.
Fragment of leaf, stem, or flower of Lee or its squeezing
Contains glutamic acid or its salt in juice
In the presence of inorganic chloride , the process of adding other food ingredients
The manufacturing method according to claim 1, which is performed in step 1. 3. Obtained by the method according to claim 1 or 2.
Kale, cabbage, or broccoli leaf,
Γ-aminobutyric acid-containing step, which includes a step of drying the shredded material of the stem portion or the flower portion or its squeezed juice, and a step of pulverizing
Amount of glutamic acid or its salt or containing them
4.3 to 9.9 times more than before adding other food materials
Of enhanced kale, cabbage, or broccoli
A method for producing a dry powder of a fragment of leaves, stems, or flowers or its squeezed juice.