JP3430132B2 - Method for increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid content in rice young leaves - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to γ-of grasses.
The present invention relates to a method for increasing the content of aminobutyric acid (hereinafter referred to as GABA).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Since GABA has a blood pressure lowering action, foods containing a large amount of GABA have been investigated for people with hypertension. For example, conventionally, in the process of manufacturing tea, the plucked tea leaves are placed under anaerobic conditions, and GA is added to the tea leaves.
So-called Gabalon tea, which has a large amount of BA accumulated, is known. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-173111 describes that coffee leaf tea having a high GABA concentration is obtained by a method in which fresh coffee leaves are treated in an oxygen-free state, and then heat-treated and dried at a high temperature of 110 ° C. or higher. Furthermore, JP-A-9-
No. 205989 discloses that GA is obtained by irradiating tea leaves with infrared rays.
It is described to improve the content of BA.

On the other hand, the green leaves of grasses such as wheat are rich in vitamins and insoluble dietary fiber, adsorb toxic substances, improve the intestinal environment, suppress cholesterol absorption, prevent postprandial blood sugar level spikes, It has attracted attention as a health food that has effects such as activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), but it also contains abundant GABA.

[0004]

The higher the GABA content of the gramineous plant itself, which is the starting material, the higher the GABA content of those processed products. Therefore, G of the grass family itself
It is desired to increase the ABA content.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor diligently studied a method for treating grasses for the purpose of increasing the GABA content in the grasses. Heat treatment at a suitable temperature,
The inventors have completed the present invention by finding that GABA content in their green leaves can be increased by anaerobic treatment or by combining these treatments.

That is, the present invention is characterized by anaerobically treating grasses (excluding wheat) and / or heat-retaining them at 20 ° C to 50 ° C. Regarding how to increase.

More preferably, the anaerobic treatment and / or the heat retention treatment at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. is for 30 minutes to 24 hours.

Further, according to the present invention, γ-
The present invention relates to grasses (excluding wheat) having an increased aminobutyric acid content.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned method further comprises drying and pulverizing a Gramineae plant (excluding wheats) having an increased γ-aminobutyric acid content to treat the Gramineae plant (male crops having an increased γ-aminobutyric acid content. (Excluding the above), a method for producing a squeezed juice by squeezing treatment, and the squeezed juice is further spray-dried or freeze-dried to increase the γ-aminobutyric acid content in a grass family plant (wheat. Except for) squeezed powder.

The present invention also contains dry powder of gramineous plants (excluding wheat) containing γ-aminobutyric acid in an amount of 500 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight, and γ-aminobutyric acid in an amount of 800 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight. The present invention relates to squeezed juices of grasses (excluding wheat) or dry powders thereof.

The present invention also relates to a gramineous plant (excluding wheat) or a dry powder of gramineous plant (excluding wheat) containing γ-aminobutyric acid in an amount of 500 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight.

The present invention further relates to a green leaf of a Gramineae plant having an increased γ-aminobutyric acid content obtained by the above method, its dry powder, or squeezed juice or its dry powder.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present specification, a gramineous plant means a leaf and / or stem of a gramineous plant. In addition, unless otherwise specified, in the present specification, grasses such as barley, wheat, rye, and oats are excluded hereinafter when referred to as Gramineae plants.

As the raw material of the grass family in the present invention, various varieties of rice such as Koshihikari, Sasanishiki, Italian ryegrass, foxtail, bamboo grass, scabbard, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, sugarcane, etc., particularly green leaves are preferably used. To be The green leaves of these gramineous plants are preferably young leaves harvested at the beginning of splitting or the beginning of heading.

Hereinafter, the green leaves of grasses (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as green leaves) will be described as an example, but it goes without saying that stems and the like are also applied.

The harvested green leaves are washed with water or the like, drained and treated as they are, or cut into an appropriate length (for example, 10 cm) and anaerobically treated so as to increase GABA in the green leaves. Insulation treatment or a combination thereof is performed (GABA enrichment treatment).

GABA after slicing or squeezing green leaves
It can also be enriched. The fragmentation is performed by treating with a juicer, blender, mixer, mass colloider, or the like. Juice can be obtained directly or by shredding the green leaves and then pressing and further centrifuging or filtering them.

Anaerobic treatment means treatment with a gas containing little or no oxygen. Including vacuum state. Carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas are preferably used as the gas. The temperature of the anaerobic treatment is preferably about 20 to 50 ° C, more preferably about 30 to 45 ° C, most preferably around 40 ° C.

The time for anaerobic treatment and / or heat retention treatment is 10
Minutes to 24 hours are preferable, and 1 to 6 hours are more preferable. The temperature of the anaerobic treatment and / or the heat retention treatment is about 20 to 5
0 ° C. is preferable, about 30 to 45 ° C. is more preferable, and 40 ° C.
Most preferred is around ℃. If it is lower than 20 ° C or higher than 50 ° C, the GABA content is difficult to increase.

The method of heat retention does not matter. Examples include hot water treatment, infrared irradiation treatment, incubator treatment and the like.

The green leaves of the Gramineae plant thus obtained have a GABA content of 2 times or more, preferably 3 times or more, more preferably 5 times or more, as compared with the untreated one.
Has been elevated.

GAB obtained by GABA enrichment treatment
Green leaves of grasses (hereinafter referred to as GABA-enriched green leaves) having an increased A content can be used as a dry powder (green leaf dry powder), squeezed juice or a dry powder thereof (squeezed powder).

The GABA-enriched green leaves may be directly subjected to treatments such as squeezing, drying and crushing. However, since discoloration, deterioration, etc. are likely to occur, generally, at any stage of processing, heat treatment for inactivating an enzyme that may cause discoloration, deterioration, etc. of the processed product (method is not limited). (Eg, boiling, steaming, hot air treatment, electromagnetic wave treatment, etc.), preferably further quenching treatment.

The microwave treatment may be carried out within a range in which the enzymes involved in fading of grasses are inactivated or the green color is not lost by heating. Such range is the output of the microwave irradiation device, the wavelength of the microwave,
It can be adjusted appropriately depending on the irradiation time. For example, when a microwave of 2450 MHz and 500 W is applied to 100 g (wet weight) of green leaf of rice that is cut at a height of about 30 cm, 0.5 to 10 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 5
Min, more preferably 0.5 to 1 min. If it is less than 0.5 minutes, inactivation of the enzyme is insufficient and fading easily occurs.
Further, if it is treated for 10 minutes or more, the color tends to fade and GABA tends to decrease.

In the case of the microwave treatment within about 1 minute, the GABA content increases, but the GABA content decreases as the treatment time increases. However, even if the amount of GABA is reduced, even after 5 minutes of treatment, 70% or more of GABA remains, and the content of GABA is much higher than that obtained by hot water treatment.

If desired, an alkaline aqueous solution may be adhered to the green leaves before the processing in order to prevent the green color of the processed green leaves from fading. Furthermore, in the case of squeezed powder,
The pH of the juice can be adjusted within the range of 6 to 9 by means such as adding an alkaline aqueous solution to the juice.

The dry powder of Gramineae green leaf can be obtained by drying GABA-enriched Gramineae green leaf to a water content of 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, and further pulverizing it.

As the drying method, any drying method such as hot air drying, high pressure steam drying, electromagnetic wave drying, freeze drying and the like can be used. Drying is preferably carried out at the lowest temperature possible, and even in the case of heating and drying, it is preferably carried out at 50 to 80 ° C., preferably 55 to 65 ° C.

The pulverization can be carried out according to a known method, for example, by a machine such as a crusher, a mill, a blender, a stone mill and the like.

The dry powder of the green leaves of the grass family thus obtained is also twice the dry powder of the green leaves obtained from the green leaves not subjected to the GABA enrichment treatment, preferably 3 times.
It contains GABA in an amount of 2 times, more preferably 5 times or more.

Squeezing and squeezing powder of green leaves of gramineous plants
It can be obtained by squeezing the GABA-enriched green leaf and then further pulverizing it.

The squeezing is carried out by adding water if necessary, then mechanically crushing it by a known method, for example, with a mixer, a juicer or the like, and further centrifuging, filtering or the like.

The juice thus obtained is pulverized by spray drying or freeze drying.

Further, the squeezed juice may be spray-dried or freeze-dried after adding excipients such as dextrin, cyclodextrin, starch and maltose.

The processed green leaf products (dry powder, squeezed juice, and squeezed powder) can be sterilized by a known method, if necessary.

The amount of GABA contained in the dry powder of the green leaves of the Gramineae plant thus obtained is higher than that without the GABA enrichment treatment, usually 500 mg / 100.
g, preferably 800 mg / 100 g, more preferably 1000 mg / 100 g or more of GABA. Normal,
The content of GABA contained in the green leaves of grasses is about 100.
~ 300mg / 100g, so 500mg / 10
The dry powder of gramineous green leaf containing 0 g or more of GABA is novel.

The amount of GABA contained in the squeezed juice and squeezed powder of the green leaves of the Gramineae plant thus obtained is
A: 800 mg / 100 g, preferably 1000 mg / dry weight conversion
The amount is 100 g, more preferably 1500 mg / 100 g, and even more preferably 2000 mg / 100 g or more. The concentration of GABA contained in the squeezed juice and the squeezed powder of the green leaves of the Gramineae plant that has not been subjected to the GABA enrichment treatment is usually about 200 to 600 mg / 100 g in terms of dry weight.

The dry powder, squeezed juice, and squeezed powder of the Gramineae plant thus obtained can be directly used for eating and drinking, regardless of whether or not the green color is retained. When not subjected to blanching treatment, it may not be able to retain the green color, but when used as a food or drink, the one that has been subjected to the blanching treatment such as heat treatment and retains the green color has the flavor, taste, appearance and preservation. From the point of, it is preferable. When used for food and drink, it is mixed with an excipient, a bulking agent, a binder, a thickening agent, an emulsifier, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, a food additive, a seasoning, etc., and in the form of powder, granules, tablets, etc. depending on the application. It can be molded, and can be mixed with various foods and drinks and used for eating and drinking.

Further, the green leaves of Gramineae plants, the juice thereof and the dry powders thereof produced by the method of the present invention are G
Since it contains ABA at a high concentration, it is preferably used as a raw material for the extraction and purification of GABA regardless of the presence or absence of green retention. If necessary, it is possible to purify the product to obtain a pure GABA product.

[0040]

Example 1 A green leaf (young leaf of rice) of rice (Koshihikari) having a plant height of about 30 cm is collected, washed with water and then about 10
Young rice leaves (about 100 g) cut into cm were used.

This young rice leaf was heat-treated at a temperature shown in Table 1 for 1 hour with warm air in an incubator, and then γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured under the following conditions using an amino acid automatic analyzer. did. <Operating conditions of automatic amino acid analyzer> Model: JLC-500 / V (JEOL Ltd.) Column: LCR-6, 4 mm x 90 mm (JEOL Ltd.) Mobile phase: lithium citrate buffer (JEOL Ltd.) ) P-21 (pH 2.98, Li 0.105 mol / l) 0 → 16.3 min P-12 (pH 3.28, Li 0.26 mol / l) 16.3 → 36.1 min P-13 (pH 3.46, Li 0.80 mol / l) 36.1 → 56.0 min P-14 (pH 2.83, Li 1.54 mol / l) 56.0 → 63.4 min P-15 (pH 3.65, Li 1.54 mol / l) 63.4 → 80.0 min Reaction liquid: ninhydrin / hydridanthin reagent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. ) Temperature: Column 35 ℃ (0 → 16.3min), 64 ℃ (15.3 → 31.0min) 44 ℃ (31.0 → 44.4min), 72 ℃ (63.4 → 80.0min) Reaction tank 135 ℃ Flow rate: Mobile phase 0.50 ml / min Reaction solution 0.30 ml / min Measurement wavelength: 570 nm

When the young rice leaves are dried by heat, the apparent GABA content becomes high. Therefore, the water content of the young rice leaves after the treatment is measured so that the water content is the same as that of the young rice leaves before the treatment. The GABA value of the treated young rice leaves was corrected. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0043]

[Table 1]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content in the young rice leaves increased by the heat retention treatment at 20 to 50 ° C.

(Example 2) In the same manner as in Example 1, young rice leaves were heated in an incubator with warm air for 4 hours as shown in Table 2.
GABA was measured after heat retention at 0 ° C.

The results are shown in Table 2.

[0047]

[Table 2]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content in the young rice leaves increased after 10 minutes to 24 hours of treatment.

Example 3 Young rice leaves prepared in Example 1 were heat-treated at 40 ° C. for 60 minutes by the method described in Table 3 and then GABA was measured.

The infrared treatment was carried out by setting an infrared radiation device of 400 W at a position where the surface temperature of the young rice leaf reached a predetermined temperature.

The hot water treatment was carried out by immersing young rice leaves in warm water of a predetermined temperature in a beaker.

The results are shown in Table 3.

[0053]

[Table 3]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content in the young rice leaves increased regardless of the method of heat retention.

Example 4 Young rice leaves prepared in Example 1 were anaerobically treated under the conditions shown in Table 4, and then GAB
A was measured.

The anaerobic treatment was carried out by stuffing young rice leaves into a plastic bag, evacuating the air and filling with nitrogen gas, and keeping this at a predetermined temperature in an incubator.

The results are shown in Table 4.

[0058]

[Table 4]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content in the young rice leaves is increased by the anaerobic treatment. It can be seen that the GABA content is further increased by anaerobic treatment at 40 ° C.

Example 5 Young rice leaves that had been heat-treated at 40 ° C. for 1 hour in the incubator prepared in Example 1 were
It was dried in a dryer at 60 ° C. so that the water content was 5% or less. Furthermore, it was crushed with a blender to obtain rice young leaf powder.

Young rice leaves which had not been heat-retained were treated in the same manner to obtain young rice leaf powder.

Table 5 shows the results of measuring GABA of these young rice leaf powders.

[0063]

[Table 5]

From these results, it is understood that the GABA content is increased in the GABA-enriched rice young leaf powder.

Example 6 Young rice leaves, which had been heat-treated at 40 ° C. for 1 hour in the incubator prepared in Example 1,
It was crushed by a mixer, squeezed, and filtered to obtain a squeezed juice from which fibers were removed. This squeezed juice was spray-dried to obtain a squeezed powder.

Young rice leaves that were not subjected to heat retention were treated in the same manner to obtain young rice leaf juice powder.

Table 6 shows the results of measuring GABA of these young rice leaf squeezed powders.

[0068]

[Table 6]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content is increased in the GABA-enriched rice young leaf juice extract powder.

Example 7 As a raw material, green leaves (young leaves) of Italian ryegrass having a plant height of 30 cm were collected, washed with water and shredded to 10 cm. The young leaves were heat-treated at 40 ° C. for 1 hour in the incubator prepared in Example 1, and then dried in a dryer at 60 ° C. so that the water content was 5% or less. Furthermore, it grind | pulverized with the blender and the young leaf powder was obtained.

Young leaves which were not heat-insulated were treated in the same manner to obtain young leaves powder.

Table 7 shows the results of measuring GABA of these young ryegrass powders.

[0073]

[Table 7]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content is increased in the young leaf powder that has been GABA-enriched.

Example 8 Young leaves of the same Italian ryegrass as in Example 7, which had been heat-treated at 40 ° C. for 1 hour in an incubator in the same manner as in Example 1, were crushed with a mixer, squeezed and filtered to obtain fibers. The squeezed juice was obtained by removing the portion. This juice was freeze-dried to obtain juice powder.

Young leaves that had not been heat-retained were treated in the same manner to obtain young leaves squeezed powder.

Table 8 shows the results of measuring the GABA of this Italian ryegrass young juice powder.

[0078]

[Table 8]

From these results, it can be seen that the GABA content is increased in the squeezed powder of the green leaves of Gramineae plants that has been GABA-enriched.

[0080]

[Effect of the Invention] Gramineous plants are anaerobically treated and / or at 20 ° C.
By heat treatment at ~ 50 ° C, γ-in grasses
The aminobutyric acid content is increased. Then dry it,
By crushing or squeezing to prepare juice,
Then, by further drying, a dry powder, a squeezed juice, and a squeezed powder of a Gramineae plant having a high γ-aminobutyric acid content are provided.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI A23L 1/305 A23L 1/305 (56) References JP-A-8-280394 (JP, A) JP-A-9-135671 (JP , A) JP 63-269948 (JP, A) JP 2000-32923 (JP, A) JP 14-58446 (JP, A) JP 3131423 (JP, B2) JP 3289007 (JP, B2) Toyama Prefectural College of Technology Research Report, 1983, Vol. 16, p. 43-49 J. Exp. Bot. , 1997, Vol. 48, No. 314, p. 1655-1666 (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A23L 1/212-1/218 A23L 1/27-1/308 BIOSIS / WPI (DIALOG) JISST file (JOIS)

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. Leaves of grasses (excluding wheat) and / or
Alternatively, the stem is heat-treated at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, and then dried and ground.
A method for producing a dry powder of leaves and / or stems of gramineous plants (excluding wheat) containing aminobutyric acid in an amount of 500 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight, wherein the heat retaining treatment is an incubator treatment or an infrared irradiation treatment. Is the way. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat retention treatment is performed at 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. 3. Leaves of grasses (excluding wheat) and / or
Alternatively, the stem is heat-treated at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, and then squeezed, and γ-aminobutyric acid is contained at 800 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight. (Excluding the above) and a process for producing juice of leaves and / or stems, wherein the heat-retaining treatment is an incubator treatment or an infrared irradiation treatment. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the heat retention treatment is performed at 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. 5. Leaves of grasses (excluding wheat) and / or
Alternatively, the stem is heat-treated at 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, then squeezed, and then spray-dried or freeze-dried, and 800 mg / 100 g or more in terms of dry weight of γ-aminobutyric acid. A method for producing a squeezed powder of leaves and / or stems of a Gramineae plant (excluding wheat), which comprises the incubator treatment or the infrared irradiation treatment. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the heat retention treatment is performed at 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. 7. γ-Aminobutyric acid obtained by the method according to claim 1 or 2 is 500 mg / dry weight.
Dry powder of leaves and / or stems of grasses (excluding wheat) containing 100 g or more. 8. Leaf of a Gramineae plant (excluding wheat), which is obtained by the method according to claim 3 and contains 800 mg / 100 g or more of γ-aminobutyric acid in terms of dry weight. And / or squeezed stem or squeezed powder of leaves and / or stems of grasses (excluding wheat).