JP2001316675A - Carbonization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization apparatus which has a simple structure and a high energy efficiency and which can save energy. SOLUTION: This carbonization apparatus has a carbonization oven 12 to carbonize organic matter and a drying apparatus 42 provided near the carbonization 12 to dry the organic matter. The carbonization oven 12 has a chimney 26 to discharge exhaust gas and an exhaust gas introducing pipe 44 branched from the chimney 26 and connected to the drying apparatus 42. The carbonization oven 12 has a closed carbonization chamber 20, a dry distillation gas transferring means 38 connected to the carbonization chamber 20 which transfers combustible gas generated by carbonization to outside the carbonization oven 12 and a dry distillation gas secondary combustion apparatus 40 provided at the tip of the dry distillation gas transferring means 38 which combusts the dry distillation gas in the carbonization oven 12.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus for heating and carbonizing an organic substance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a carbonizer for combustible organic substances,
There is a carbonization apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-267614. This carbonization apparatus has a carbonization chamber having an inlet for combustible organic matter and an outlet for processing (charcoal),
A first combustion chamber formed to surround the carbonization chamber and having a first burner for heating the carbonization chamber;
A second burner that guides gas generated by heating the supplied combustible organic matter to a second combustion chamber through a gas riser and burns the gas, and an exhaust passage that discharges the burned gas (exhaust gas). Have. And these devices are
It was stored in the casing. Further, inside the second combustion chamber, a heating promoting material is disposed at a predetermined interval above the gas riser, and is disposed in parallel with the bottom surface via a spacer.

[0003] This carbonization apparatus completely burns gas generated in a carbonization step in a first combustion chamber in a second combustion chamber,
The aim was to make the exhaust gas smokeless and odorless.

[0004] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-14566 discloses a carbonization apparatus that uses combustible gas generated in a carbonization step as fuel.
No. 8 discloses a carbonizing device. In this carbonization apparatus, a carbonization furnace for carbonizing carbonaceous material is provided with combustion means for heating for carbonization processing, and smoke exhaust treatment means for separating and recovering combustible gas from smoke generated by carbonization processing. And a combustible gas supply means for supplying the combustible gas separated and recovered by the flue gas treatment means to the combustion means as fuel.

[0005] In this carbonization apparatus, smoke generated during the carbonization process is guided to a smoke exhaust treatment unit, and the combustible gas is separated from the smoke by the smoke exhaust treatment unit. Then, the separated combustible gas is introduced into the combustion means by the combustible gas supply means, and thereafter, a part or all of the fuel is changed to the combustible gas, and the combustible gas is used for combustion in the combustion means. As a result, fuel as heat energy for the carbonization treatment is saved.

[0006]

In the case of the above-mentioned prior art, the energy required for carbonizing is large and the energy efficiency is low. Furthermore, when carbonizing flammable organic matter containing a lot of water, such as garbage and construction waste,
The time required for carbonization was long and required more energy.

On the other hand, a large amount of energy is required for burning these wastes, and there is a concern that harmful substances such as harmful gases and dioxins may be generated. Was necessary.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a carbonizing apparatus having a simple apparatus structure, high energy efficiency, and energy saving. .

[0009]

According to the present invention, there is provided a carbonizing apparatus comprising:
A carbonization furnace for carbonizing an organic substance and a drying device provided near the carbonization furnace for drying the organic substance and the like are provided. The carbonization furnace has a chimney for discharging exhaust gas,
A smoke exhaust pipe is provided which branches off from the chimney and is connected to the drying device.

The carbonization furnace has a closed carbonization chamber,
A dry distillation gas extraction means connected to the carbonization chamber for extracting combustible gas generated by the carbonization treatment to the outside of the carbonization furnace; and a carbonization gas provided at the tip of the carbonization gas extraction means for burning the carbonization gas in the carbonization furnace. A reburn device is provided.

Further, the drying device is provided with a spraying device for spraying the insect repellent, wood vinegar and other liquids on the dried matter contained therein. Further, a drying boiler is connected to the flue gas introduction pipe and other peripheral parts of the drying device so that the drying device can be dried even after the carbonization of the carbonizing furnace is completed. Further, the carbonization furnace may be provided with a steam generation device connected to a drying device. This allows
Further, the energy of the carbonization furnace can be used efficiently.

[0012] In the carbonization apparatus of the present invention, high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the carbonization furnace during the carbonization treatment is drawn into the drying apparatus through the smoke exhaust pipe, and is used as a heat source of the drying apparatus. In addition, combustible gas generated during the carbonization process is recovered by the carbonized gas extracting means, burned by the carbonized gas reburning device, and becomes a part of the heat source of the carbonization process.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention.
Is provided with a carbonization furnace 12 for carbonizing combustible organic matter such as building waste. The carbonization furnace 12 is covered with a rectangular casing 14, and the casing 14 is provided with a door 16 for taking in and out the combustible organic matter. Casing 1
As shown in FIG. 2, a brick 18 having heat resistance and a heat retaining effect is attached to the inner wall surface of 4 at a uniform thickness. A carbonization chamber 20 is provided inside the casing 14 and communicates with the door 16 and is closed when the door 16 is closed. At the bottom of the casing 14, a brick 1
A combustion chamber 22 covered by 8 is provided.

An oil burner 24 that burns in the combustion chamber 22 and heats the inside of the carbonization furnace 12 is provided on one wall surface of the combustion chamber 22. Near the end of the combustion chamber 22 on the side opposite to the oil burner 24, a chimney 26 is provided, which stands substantially vertically. In the middle of the chimney 26, a chimney 28 connected to the upper surface of the casing 14 is provided so as to merge therewith. Near the junction of the chimneys 26, 28, the inside of each of the chimneys 26, 28 is provided for temperature control. Is provided. Each damper 30 is provided with a damper control motor 32 provided near the junction of the chimneys 26 and 28.
The damper control motor 32 is driven by
Is automatically controlled by a control device (not shown) so that the temperature in the carbonization furnace 12 is kept constant. Of the chimney 28,
A manual damper 34 is provided in the vicinity of the casing 14, and a temperature sensor 36 for detecting the temperature in the coking chamber and controlling the temperature to be constant is provided in the ceiling of the coking chamber 20. It is preferable that a filter for collecting dust and harmful substances is attached to the tip of the chimney 28 so that harmful substances are not discharged.

In the vicinity of the ceiling on one side surface of the carbonization chamber 20, a dry distillation gas extracting pipe 38 as a dry distillation gas extracting means is connected. The tip of the carbonized gas extraction pipe 38 projects outward from the casing 14, is pulled down, and is connected to a carbonized gas reburning device 40 located near the oil burner 24 in the combustion chamber 22. The distal end of the carbonization gas reburning device 40 is inserted into the inside of the casing 14, and a fan 41 for introducing air for burning the carbonization gas is provided in the vicinity thereof, and the combustion chamber 22 can be heated by the combustion. it can.

Further, a drying device 42 is provided near the carbonization furnace 12. The drying device 42 is provided with a door (not shown) through which inflammable organic substances are taken in and out. A smoke exhaust pipe 44 is connected to a ceiling of the drying device 42, and a tip of the smoke exhaust pipe 44 is connected to a side of the chimney 26 above a junction with the chimney 28.

The smoke exhaust pipe 44 connected to the drying device 42 is provided with a piping 43 which is a spraying device for spraying the insect repellent, wood vinegar and other liquids onto the dried product contained in the drying device 42. Have been. The pipe 43 is connected to the drying device 4
2 may be directly connected.

Further, a drying boiler 45 is connected to the smoke exhaust pipe 44 connected to the drying device 42,
It is provided so that it can be dried even after the carbonization of No. 2 is completed. The drying boiler 45 may also be provided directly on the drying device 42.

The carbonization furnace 12 is provided with a fan (not shown) for sending air into the furnace for temperature control. Then, based on the signal from the temperature sensor 36, the carbonization chamber 2
A control device (not shown) for automatically keeping the temperature in 0 constant is provided. Further, the carbonization furnace 12 may be provided with a steam generator 46. The steam generator 46 is
An internal steam generation pipe 47 is disposed near the combustion chamber 22 at the base end of the chimney 26. Steam generator 46
Is connected in the middle of the smoke exhaust pipe 44 so as to supply high-temperature steam to the drying device 42. The steam pipe 48 may be directly connected to the drying device 42.

Next, a method of using the carbonizing apparatus 10 will be described. Carbonized products include construction waste, sawdust, bamboo,
Twigs, rice husks, manure, weeds, turf, garbage, waste plastic materials, food factory waste, fish, vegetables, meat, and other various market wastes may be used. What is dried by the drying device 42 may be, in addition to the carbonized product, architectural wood only for the purpose of drying and other materials.

First, a combustible organic substance, which is waste to be dried, is placed in a drying device 42, and a drying step is performed at a predetermined temperature to remove water. Thereafter, the combustible organic matter that has passed through the drying step is moved to the carbonization chamber 20 of the carbonization furnace 12, and the combustion chamber 22 is heated by the oil burner 24 to a predetermined temperature, for example, 880 to 110.
Warm to 0 ° C. At this time, the temperature in the carbonization chamber 20 becomes about 400 ° C., and the combustible organic matter is carbonized. The temperature in the carbonization chamber 20 is automatically adjusted by a fan (not shown) so as not to become too high. Then, the carbonization gas, which is a combustible gas generated in the carbonization step, is guided from the upper part of the carbonization chamber 20 to the combustion chamber 22 through the carbonization gas extraction pipe 38. Then, the carbonization gas is introduced into the carbonization gas reburning device 40, and air is supplied by the fan 41 to perform combustion. Therefore, the heat supply amount of the oil burner 24 can be reduced by an amount corresponding to the heat supply amount of the dry distillation gas reburning device 40.

Exhaust gas and heated air from the oil burner 24 and the carbonization gas reburning device 40 generated in the combustion chamber 22 are discharged to the outside of the carbonization furnace 12 by the chimneys 26 and 28. At this time, part or most of the exhaust gas
6 flows into a smoke exhaust pipe 44 branched from the drying apparatus 42
Will be introduced. Since the exhaust gas has a high temperature, the drying device 42
Is maintained at a predetermined temperature. Alternatively, the wood vinegar liquid, which is a liquid smoke discharged from the carbonization chamber 20, may be collected and dropped on the dried product by the infusion device 43. Thereby, sterilization and insect repellent treatment of the dried product are performed.

The treated product carbonized in the carbonization furnace 12 is porous charcoal, and can be used as a humidity control material, a soil improvement material, a purifying agent, a deodorant, a fuel, a snow melting agent, a fertilizer, and the like. In particular, relatively large charcoal can be placed under the floor of a house, behind a ceiling, or behind a wall to function as a humidity control material. The fine pieces of charcoal are put in a breathable bag and used in the same manner as described above.

Fine powdered charcoal can also be used in a breathable bag and used in the same manner, and can be laid with sawdust and the like in a livestock housing to obtain a deodorizing and sterilizing effect. The sawdust and the like laid in the livestock dormitory can be dried and carbonized again, and can be similarly used as powdered charcoal as described above. Thereby, the odor of the dormitory of the livestock is removed, there is also a bactericidal effect, and the fattening property of the livestock is improved.

Next, the processing capacity of one embodiment of the carbonizing apparatus 10 will be described. For example, when the combustible organic material of the processed material is styrene foam (package waste material), the processing weight is 51 kg,
Processing time was 7 hours. As another example, when the processed material is a piece of wood (about 30% moisture), the processed weight is 600 kg, the processing time is 7 hours for heating and carbonizing, and 1 hour for cooling.
Five hours totaled 22 hours, the coal production weight was 120 kg, and the coal production volume was 1000 liters. The productivity at this time is 27.
3kg / hour, fuel consumption (kerosene) 40 liter / batch,
Power consumption was 500 Whr × 7 hours.

Since the carbonization chamber 20 of the carbonization furnace 12 is closed and the carbonization step is performed in a state where air does not enter, no dioxin is generated even if the waste plastic is carbonized as a flammable organic substance. Generally, the primary condition of dioxin production in incinerators is that primary production is when oxygen chloride, hydrocarbons, and chlorine react with hydrogen chloride and unburned hydrogen under certain conditions. Secondary production is mainly when it is produced from a precursor in a place other than the combustion chamber, and when it is produced by the heavy metal of the dust column becoming a catalyst (mainly copper chloride). It is.

However, unlike the incineration method, the carbonization furnace 12 of the carbonization apparatus 10 thermally decomposes waste plastic materials (excluding vinyl chloride) and the like in an oxygen-free state and converts them into combustible gas, so that primary production of dioxin is caused. Is not done. Further, in the combustion chamber 22, the combustible gas is completely burned at a temperature of 800 ° C. or more and a residence time of 2.5 to 3.5 seconds, so that chlorobenzene and chlorophenol, which are dioxin precursors, are decomposed, and harmless carbon dioxide gas and water are decomposed. By doing so, the production of dioxins is suppressed. Further, since the waste plastic material is pyrolyzed by the dry distillation method, no heavy metal catalyst is present in the exhaust gas of the dust, denovo synthesis is not performed, and secondary generation of dioxin can be prevented. Therefore, the chimney 26
No harmful substances are generated even if a dust collector such as a dust collector is not installed. In the case of a waste plastic material containing a large amount of chlorine-rich vinyl chloride or the like, dioxin may be generated, but generation can be prevented by increasing the combustion temperature of the carbonization gas.

According to the carbonization apparatus 10 of the embodiment of the present invention, the carbonization step of combustible organic matter is performed in the carbonization furnace,
By introducing high-temperature flue gas from the carbonization furnace into the drying device and using it as a heat source for the drying device, it is possible to efficiently dry combustible organic substances and the like. In addition, with a simple structure, a large amount of combustible gas generated in the carbonization process of combustible organic matter is introduced into the combustion chamber 22 and completely combusted, and the exhaust gas can be smokeless and odorless, thereby preventing the occurrence of air pollution. Can be. Since the combustion chamber 22 is heated by replacing part or all of the original fuel with the combustible gas, the consumption of fuel as a heat energy source required for carbonization can be greatly reduced. In particular, when processing a material having a high moisture content, by performing drying as a pretreatment of the carbonization step, the temperature of the carbonization furnace 12 can be efficiently maintained at a predetermined temperature, and the carbonization step can be completed in a short time. it can. Further, since the combustible organic matter is carbonized in the closed carbonization chamber 20, the generation of dioxin can be prevented. For this reason, even if the waste plastic material is mixed in the wood or the like, the carbonization treatment can be performed safely, and the environment is not polluted regardless of the type of the organic matter to be carbonized.

The carbonizing device of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the drying device may be used for drying wood for construction other than the material to be carbonized. Further, at the time of carbonizing wood, the wood distillation liquid may be collected by branching the dry distillation gas extraction pipe. A wood vinegar solution may be sprayed on the dried product at the same time as drying. Wood vinegar has an ant-preventive effect and antiseptic effect.
Termite and preservative treatments are performed simultaneously. The drying device may be provided with auxiliary heating means such as an oil burner.

[0030]

The carbonization apparatus of the present invention performs the carbonization step of combustible organic substances in the carbonization furnace, and simultaneously introduces the high-temperature flue gas of the carbonization furnace into the drying apparatus to serve as a heat source for the drying apparatus.
Combustible organic matter can be dried efficiently. Further, by performing the drying step before the carbonizing step, it is possible to efficiently carbonize. Further, the carbonized gas can be used as an energy source for carbonization, thereby enabling more energy-efficient treatment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a carbonizing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially broken longitudinal sectional view of a carbonization furnace of the carbonization apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a carbonization furnace of the carbonization apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a right side view of a carbonization furnace of the carbonization apparatus according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Carbonization apparatus 12 Carbonization furnace 14 Casing 16 Door 18 Bricks 20 Carbonization chamber 22 Combustion chamber 24 Oil burner 26, 28 Chimney 30, 34 Damper 36 Temperature sensor 38 Dry distillation gas extraction pipe 40 Dry distillation gas reburning device 42 Drying device

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A carbonization furnace for carbonizing an organic substance, a drying device for drying the organic substance in the vicinity of the carbonization furnace, a chimney for discharging exhaust gas,
A carbonization device comprising a smoke exhaust pipe branched from the chimney and connected to the drying device. 2. The carbonization furnace has a closed carbonization chamber, a carbonization gas extraction means connected to the carbonization chamber, and a combustible gas generated by the carbonization treatment and taken out of the carbonization furnace, and a carbonization gas extraction means. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a carbonization gas reburning device provided at a tip of the carbonization furnace and heating the carbonization furnace with the carbonization gas. 3. The carbonizing device according to claim 1, wherein the drying device is provided with a spraying device for spraying a liquid onto the dried matter contained therein. 4. The carbonizing device according to claim 1, wherein a drying boiler is connected to the drying device, and the drying device is provided so as to be able to dry even after the carbonization of the carbonizing furnace is completed. 5. The carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the carbonizing furnace is provided with a steam generating device connected to a drying device.