JP2001316214A - Natural drug against plant disease - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a natural drug against plant disease which can be replaced by chemical synthetic agrochemicals, is nature friendly and does not affect human bodies. SOLUTION: This natural control agent against Leveillula taurica (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and Colletotri fragariae, containing an extract obtained from a labiate plant and containing thymol or its position isomer, carvacrol, or the essential oil of the labiate plant as a main ingredient. The labiate plant is preferably Mosla Chinensis Maxim.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a natural control agent for plant diseases, and more particularly to thymol (Thymol) which is present in Labiatae plants and carvacrol which is a positional isomer of thymol. The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly natural control agent which is taken out as an extract or essential oil in a state and is useful for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Cucumber powdery mildew (Leveillula)
taurica) (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) with trifmine (brand name) and strawberry anthracnose (Colletotri fra)
gariae), propineb (trade name) and iminoctadine albesilate (trade name) are used. These are all chemically synthesized fungicides developed as pesticides.

[0003]

Chemically synthesized products are not limited to agricultural chemicals, but are novel substances that did not exist in nature or substances that are artificially produced from substances that rarely existed as a simple substance in nature. Although these synthetic chemicals have provided humans with great benefits and conveniences, the disadvantage of being "hard to decompose" in nature has been a major problem. In recent years, these substances have been decomposed into air, soil, rivers,
Environmental pollution (soil, water quality,
Atmosphere), environmental anomalies (weather, ozone depletion, ecological anomalies, etc.) are causing environmental damage on a global scale. This environmental problem is an urgent problem that must be solved for mankind and is an unavoidable problem. Chemically synthesized pesticides are one of the main causes of air pollution because they are inevitably scattered in the air when sprayed. In addition, pesticides piled up on the soil contaminate the soil and at the same time are a source of pollution of rivers and groundwater. In addition, inhalation of the sprayer is inevitable, and especially in house cultivation, the amount of suction of the sprayer is large, and it is considered that the adverse effect on health is sufficiently considered. Furthermore, it has been suggested that when the spraying target is a crop, the pesticide remaining in the crop is not decomposed and enters the body together as food and is accumulated in the body, which may be a health-inhibiting factor. In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an agent for controlling plant diseases which is gentle to nature and does not adversely affect the human body, which can be used instead of a synthetic pesticide.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there are provided powdery mildew and charcoal based on an extract or essential oil containing thymol (Thymol) or carvacrol extracted from Labiatae plants. Achieved by natural control agents against disease. In addition, as the labiform plant,
(Scientific name: Mosla Chinensis Maxim) can be used to obtain an extract having a high content of thymol or carvacrol, a regioisomer.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION (A) Outline of the Invention FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a method for producing and using a natural controlling agent of the present invention. The present invention relates to extract or essential oil 2 from Labiatae 1
, Extracted with an extract or essential oil, added with a vegetable surfactant and stirred, and then diluted with water (aqueous solution preparation 3),
The aqueous solution is sprayed on plants to control plant diseases (mildew, anthracnose). The main active ingredient in extracts and essential oils is thymol (Thymol) or carvacrol, a regioisomer
(Carvacrol). These active ingredients, in the extract,
Since it is present in essential oils in the same form as it was in plants, it is easily decomposed after spraying and does not pollute the natural environment.
In addition, thymol (Thymol), which is the present active ingredient, is also listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, does not corrode healthy skin and mucous membranes, and is also used as an internal preparation. Since this extract is used after dilution with water, its concentration is much lower than that of internal preparations. Therefore, there is no problem with respect to the health of the sprayer even if the crop to which the present ingredient is attached is ingested as food.

(B) Example 1. Method for producing an extract Whole plant of Hosobayamajizo is dried, crushed for extraction and weighed 32 kg.
Get. The first extraction is carried out by adding 32 liters of methanol to the flask to obtain 273 kg of an extraction filtrate. Is reduced to recover 204 kg of methanol to obtain a 69 kg extract. A second extraction was performed by adding 204 kg of recovered methanol to Hosobayamajiso (residue of the above) and a second extraction to obtain 278 kg of an extraction filtrate. Is reduced to recover 236 kg of methanol to obtain a 42 kg extract. The obtained extract was further concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 4.15 kg of extract. Content of thymol 9.6g / 100g (1
The content in 00 g was 9.6 g), and the water content was 51.6 g / 100 g.

2. Spray test on plants Cucumber powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) (Schaerot
heca fuliginea) a. Place and method A field test was conducted in 800 fields of Nagano Prefecture. b. Spraying was carried out three times on August 22, 1999, September 5, and September 18, 1999. c. Amount of spraying A 500-fold and 400-fold aqueous solution of this extract was sprayed at 1 liter per strain.

D. Scattered strains As shown in FIG. 2, six strains A to F were planted in two rows in the north-south direction. (1) A and B strains sprayed with this extract and (2) adjacent C and D strains sprayed with a 1000-fold solution of trifmin as usual in the field were compared and studied. Neither this extract nor trifmin was applied to strains E and F. e. Measurement method of effect A total of 2 liters of this extract diluted solution was sprayed on two strains A and B, and the number of shoots (flowered shoots) after 2 weeks was measured and compared.

F. Progress and results of spraying Since the peak period (early August) has passed, powdery mildew spread throughout the field, and all plants had white spots up to the top.・ The first spraying (Sunday, August 22) 8 ml of this liquid contains plant-based surfactant as an emulsifier
Add 4 ml and stir, add 4 liters of water to make a 500 times aqueous solution. Two liters of this aqueous solution was transferred to another container and subjected to this test. This extract was successfully dispersed in water and sprayed in a nebulized form from a nebulizer. The number of shoots on August 22 is shown in Table 1.

[0010]

[Table 1] In addition, 1.8m or more from the ground is upper, 1.0m to 1.8m is middle, 1.0m
The following is the lower part. August 23 In the A and B strains sprayed with this extract, all the cottony lesions on the back side of the leaves peculiar to powdery mildew were solidified.

2nd spraying (Sunday, September 5) 5 ml of a plant-derived surfactant as an emulsifier was added to 10 ml of this extract, and the mixture was stirred.
A two-fold solution was prepared, and 2 liters of the aqueous solution was transferred to another container and subjected to the test. Two liters of A and B were sprayed in good spray condition. The number of shoots on September 5 was as shown in Table 2.

[Table 2]

3rd spraying (September 18 (Saturday), rain in the morning, fine afternoon) To 8 ml of this extract, add 4 ml of a plant-derived surfactant as an emulsifier, stir, add 4 ml of water, and add 500 times As a solution, 2 liters of the present aqueous solution was transferred to another container and subjected to the main test. Two liters of A and B were sprayed in good spray condition. The number of shoots on September 18 was as shown in Table 3.

[Table 3]

G. Discussion The number of new shoots at the first application on August 22 was A = 13, B = 11, C = 14
The number of books was D = 13, and C and D (27) were somewhat superior to A and B (24). At the time of the second spraying on September 5 (two weeks after the first), the number of shoots was A = 15, B = 13, C = 9, D = 7, and A, B (2
8 strains) and C and D (16 strains), indicating that the A and B strains were dominant. In particular, the number of shoots in the upper part of A and B was as large as 11 (5 shoots in the upper part of CD), and the momentum was found to swell on the shelf. Third on September 18
At the time of spraying (4 weeks from the first time, 2 weeks after the second time) The number of sprout A = 12, B = 10, C = 2, D = 4 and A
The superiority of A and B strains was clarified in CD (6) compared to B (22). Although the number of sprout decreased from September 5 (28 → 22)
The upper part of the upper shelf was sprout with more buds and more flowers were recognized. From the above results, it is confirmed that this extract is practical for controlling cucumber powdery mildew.

[0014] Strawberry Anthracnose (Colletotri fragariae)
A. Location Fukushima b. Method The test was performed in the glass room on site. The sample variety was Nyoho and cultivated in a polypot (diameter 9 cm). c. Composition of test plots The test plots consist of 10 strains per plot.

[0015]

[Table 4] In addition, the number of sprays was 2 times in both the 1st and 2nd wards, each of which was 1999
Went on November 17 and 27. Dispersion of the fungicide was sprayed with a 500-fold solution of propineb wettable powder and a 1000-fold solution of iminoctadine albesilate wettable powder, respectively.

D. Inoculation of anthrax bacteria Conidium spore suspension adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁴ cfu / ml on November 22,
4 ml per plant was inoculated by hand spray. e. Investigation The number of lesions and the occurrence of petiole of the top three double leaves per plant were investigated. f. The strawberry anthracnose control effect of this extract is as shown in Table 5.

[0017]

[Table 5] The number of lesions in a) is the number of lesions per compound leaf. The control value of b) was obtained from the number of lesions on December 11. The control value is given by the following formula: Control value = [(value of untreated area-value of treated area) / value of untreated area]
The value can be obtained from × 100, and the larger the better. g. The effect of twice application of this extract 500 times solution was inferior to the effect of twice application of the synthetic pesticide, but the control value was 69 and the effect was recognized, and no phytotoxicity was observed. The phytotoxicity is that the strawberry leaves wither or die. From the above results, it is recognized that this extract is practical for controlling strawberry anthracnose.

3. DISCUSSION OF THE INVENTION Mosla Chinensis Maxim (scientific name: Mosla Chinensis Maxim) is a kind of Labiatae plant that grows in southern Henan province in China, and rarely grows in Kyushu and Chugoku regions in Japan. This is a one-year plant of the genus Lamiaceae in the genus Perilla, Thymol
Or thymol and the regioisomer carvacrol (Carva
crol). Table 6 shows labial plants containing thymol (Thymol) or carvacrol in addition to P. japonicum.

[0019]

[Table 6] The plant that contains the largest amount of thymol among these lapidae is Hosobayamajizo.

Essential oil is a highly volatile oily oil which is distilled from the plant with water by steam distillation. The essential oil of thyme is called thyme oil and contains 20 to 50% thymol. The essential oil of yamadiso is yamadiso oil It contains up to 50% thymol (see Japanese Pharmacopoeia Thymol). Use of this essential oil is also effective against powdery mildew and anthracnose as in the case of the extract. The thymol content of Pleurotus japonicus used in this test was 1.245% of the whole plant dry material. This value is more than twice the content of thymol in other plants.

Cucumber powdery mildew is Leveillula tauri
It is a disease caused by the infestation of ca and Sphaerotheca fuliginea. It is a kind of both fungi and fungi. It belongs to ascomycetes and is an active parasite. L.taurica is pepper, tomato, okra,
Parasitizes eggplants. S.fuliginea also infests melons, pumpkins, balsams and cosmos. When the fungus infests the leaves, the flora on the white powder is formed as if sprinkling the noodles on the leaves. If this surface spreads widely over the leaves, no shoots will emerge from the roots of the leaves. The cucumber grows this sprout and gives blossoms and fruit. If there is no sprout due to powdery mildew, it will decay and wither without producing flowers and fruits. It is said that there is no pesticide that can completely control the spread of powdery mildew.

Strawberry anthracnose is Calletorichum fragaria
The disease is caused by e Brooks infection. This fungus is a type of filamentous fungus and belongs to imperfect fungi and produces conidia and bristles. Suitable temperature for disease
Around 30 ° C. Hot and humid, often occur, bacteria are not wind,
Spread by the flow of water. It is easy to occur at the time of seeding, and the disease is dead. In addition, since it is difficult to completely control with a drug, it is a major disease in strawberry production. Plant disease control agents are expected to be effective by spraying them directly on plants regardless of pesticides. Therefore, when the target is food, there is a high probability that the target will enter the body while adhering to food unless the component is decomposed. The probability is higher as it is sprayed directly on the edible portion, and it is higher as it is washed but eats raw as it is. Although synthetic pesticides may have been approved by safety studies, their safety against long-term accumulation remains questionable. The present invention is epoch-making in that it is a control agent having safety for strawberries and cucumber, which are often eaten raw.

[0023]

There are many substances having an antibacterial action and a bactericidal action. However, all substances having an antibacterial action and a bactericidal action cannot be used as pharmaceuticals or as plant disease controlling agents. In order to become a medicine, it is necessary to eliminate pathogenic bacteria without damaging the living body. It is non-toxic to living organisms, does not cause chemical changes in living organisms,
Alternatively, there are many barriers such as the fact that the substance must be non-toxic even if it undergoes a chemical change, and that it decomposes when excreted and does not remain and remain inside and outside. The same applies to the control agents for plant diseases. For example, ethyl alcohol has a bactericidal action, is a substance which is easily decomposed in nature and does not pollute the environment. However, it cannot be a controlling agent. If high concentration of ethyl alcohol is sprayed, the plant will be dehydrated and die, and if the concentration is low, the bactericidal action will be almost equal. The present invention provides an antibacterial thymol
Rather than using a chemically synthesized product of (thymol), thymol (Thymol), which is naturally present in Labiatae plants, or carvacrol, a regioisomer, is used in the form present in plants. It is extracted as an extract or essential oil containing it and is useful for controlling plant diseases.

Thymol is poorly soluble in water, but an additive that facilitates dispersion in water is selected from vegetable surfactants.
By selecting this, the problem of dispersion in water was solved, and spraying to plants in a nebulized mist was made possible with a sprayer.
Since the product of the present invention uses all natural components including additives in a naturally occurring form, it does not remain or accumulate and is not decomposed in the soil to cause environmental pollution. Moreover, since the present invention uses the extract as it is, it has the advantage that resistant bacteria to thymol (Thymol) are hardly formed, and a high control effect can be expected even when used repeatedly for a long period of time. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention prevents global environmental pollution by chemically synthesized pesticides, protects the health of pesticide sprayers, and reduces the amount of oral pesticides from pesticide residual crops, thereby contributing to human health.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a method for producing and using a natural controlling agent of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement of strains.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 .. Labiatae 2 .. Essential oil of extract containing thymol or carvacrol

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] May 17, 2000 (2005.1.
7)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0006

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

(B) Example 1. Method for producing an extract Whole plant of Hosobayamajizo is dried, crushed for extraction and weighed 32 kg.
Get. The first extraction was performed by adding 320 liters of methanol to the reaction mixture to obtain 273 kg of an extraction filtrate . Is reduced to recover 204 kg of methanol to obtain a 69 kg extract. The second extraction is performed by adding 204 kg of recovered methanol and 80 kg of fresh methanol to Hosobayamajiso, which is the residue of the above, to obtain 278 kg of an extraction filtrate . Is reduced to recover 236 kg of methanol to obtain a 42 kg extract. The obtained extract was further concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 4.15 kg of extract. Content of thymol 9.6g / 100g (1
The content in 00 g was 9.6 g), and the water content was 51.6 g / 100 g.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0009

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

F. Progress and results of spraying Since the peak period (early August) has passed, powdery mildew spread throughout the field, and all plants had white spots up to the top.・ 1st spraying (Sunday, August 22) 4 ml of a plant-based surfactant as an emulsifier was added to 8 ml of this liquid, stirred, and added to 4 liters of water.
Make a 500 times aqueous solution. Two liters of this aqueous solution was transferred to another container and subjected to this test. This extract was successfully dispersed in water and sprayed in a nebulized form from a nebulizer. The number of shoots on August 22 is shown in Table 1.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0011

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0011] - 2nd spraying (September 5 (Sun) sunny) a surfactant of vegetable origin in the extract 10 ml to make a 5 milliliters 400 times solution placed in a stirred after water 54 liters as an emulsifier, Two liters of this aqueous solution was transferred to another container and subjected to this test. Spray 2 liters in good condition A, B 2
Sprayed on the strain. The number of shoots on September 5 was as shown in Table 2.

[Table 2]

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0012

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

3rd spraying (Saturday, September 18, morning rain, fine afternoon) 4 ml of a plant-derived surfactant as an emulsifier was added to 8 ml of this extract, and the mixture was stirred and added to 4 liters of water.
A 500-fold solution was prepared, and 2 liters of the present aqueous solution was transferred to another container and subjected to the main test. Two liters of A and B were sprayed in good spray condition. The number of shoots on September 18 was as shown in Table 3.

[Table 3]

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0014

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0014] Strawberry Anthracnose (Colletotri fragariae)
A. Location Fukushima b. Method The test was performed in the glass room on site. Trial varieties and Nyoho, was cultivated in a plastic pot (diameter 9cm). c. Composition of test plot The test plot consists of 10 strains per plot. Table 4 shows the control method, the start date of spraying, the number of sprayings, and the interval between sprayings.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0016

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

D. Inoculation of anthrax bacteria On November 22, a conidia spore suspension adjusted to 5 × 10 ⁴ cfu / ml was spray-inoculated with 4 ml per plant by hand spray. e. Investigation The number of lesions and the occurrence of petiole of the top three double leaves per plant were investigated. f. The strawberry anthracnose control effect of this extract is as shown in Table 5.

[Procedure amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0020

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Essential oil is a highly volatile oily oil which is distilled from the plant with water by steam distillation. The essential oil of thyme is called thyme oil and contains 20 to 50% thymol. The essential oil of yamadiso is yamadiso oil It contains up to 50% thymol (see Japanese Pharmacopoeia Thymol). The Hosobayama
If be used perilla essential oil extract as well as powdery mildew, there is an effect on anthracnose disease. The thymol content of Pleurotus japonicus used in this test was 1.245% of the whole plant dry material. This value is more than twice the content of thymol in other plants.

[Procedure amendment 8]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0021

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Cucumber powdery mildew is Leveillula tauri
It is a disease caused by the infestation of ca and Sphaerotheca fuliginea. It is a kind of both fungi and fungi. It belongs to ascomycetes and is an active parasite. L.taurica is pepper, tomato, okra,
Parasitizes eggplants. S.fuliginea also infests melons, pumpkins, balsams and cosmos. When the fungus infests the leaves, a white powdery flora is formed as if sprinkling noodles on the leaf surface. If this surface spreads widely over the leaves, no shoots will emerge from the roots of the leaves. The cucumber grows this sprout and gives blossoms and fruit. If there is no sprout due to powdery mildew, it will decay and wither without producing flowers and fruits. It is said that there is no pesticide that can completely control the spread of powdery mildew.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Thymol (Thym) extracted from Labiatae plants
ol) or carvacrol (C
arvacrol), a natural control agent against powdery mildew or anthracnose, which is mainly composed of an extract or essential oil. 2. The plant is a moss plant (scientific name: Mosla
Chinensis Maxim).