JP2001192287A - Composting device and its fermentation tank - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively decompose organic matter by microorganisms while making the most of the advantages of the closed-type and open-type fermentation tanks of the composting device. SOLUTION: This composting device 1 is provided with a dry fermentation device 2 wherein a fermentation conditioning part 3 as a drying part and a main fermentation part 4 are integrally provided adjacent to each other. A heat feeder 6 is connected to the fermentation conditioning part 3, and further a blower 7 is connected to the feeder 6. A moisture reducing and removing device 8 is joined to the conditioning part 3. The moisture evaporated in the conditioning part 3 is cooled in the device 8, condensed and discharged from a water outlet 9, and the gas therein is sent to an exhauster 10 joined to the device 8. An agitator 11 is furnished in the conditioning part 3 and main fermentation part 4 to agitate the raw compost material. Air is introduced into the main fermentation part 4 through the blower 7, and a gas outlet 12 is provided and connected to the exhauster 10.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composting apparatus for effectively regenerating organic waste such as sludge, garbage, livestock manure, and the like, and a fermenter for the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, fermenters for composting composting sludge, garbage, and the like into products are classified into a closed type and an open type, and a closed type includes a rotary kiln type.
Open type includes paddle type and scoop type. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rotary kiln among them. As shown in the figure, the rotary kiln 61 has a plurality of plate-like stirring blades 63 attached to a central shaft 62 extending in the lateral direction inside the rotary kiln 61, and the container 64 and the central shaft 62 of the rotary kiln 61 are independently formed. It is configured to rotate. Then, after introducing the compost raw material 65 into the container 64, the container 64 and the central shaft 62 are rotated, so that the raw material 6 is
5 is stirred to supply air into the raw material to activate microorganisms that decompose organic matter.

FIG. 7 shows an open type fermenter using a traveling paddle. In this type of fermenter 71, stirring for fermenting the raw material is required. However, if the raw material is excessively stirred, water that evaporates on the surface of the raw material may not evaporate due to stirring. Requires moderate mixing of the raw materials. As the stirring means, a traveling paddle 72 capable of traveling in the tank of the fermentation tank 71 is provided, and the traveling paddle 72 can be slowly moved from the entrance to the exit of the fermentation tank 71 via a guide rail (not shown). In this case, the paddle 73 of the traveling paddle 72 stirs the raw material 74 and sends it to the outlet side.

[0004]

When high-viscosity or high-humidity sludge or the like is introduced as a compost raw material, the power is increased by the stirring by the stirring blade, or the raw material is solidified and adheres to the stirring blade. Then, the mass gradually increases, and sufficient stirring is not performed. In particular, when the moisture that activates bacteria that decompose organic substances is activated at 65 to 55%, the raw materials tend to solidify. If the raw materials are not sufficiently stirred, air is not supplied to the raw materials, and the microorganisms cannot sufficiently decompose the organic substances. There is a problem that the fermentation of the yeast does not accelerate. Further, a rotary kiln can compost a raw material in a short time.
５０50%, preferably 65-55%. Therefore, a dryer (fermentation refining unit) for drying raw materials such as sludge and a water conditioner for adjusting the water content of raw materials by putting paper and sawdust are provided outside the fermentation tank, and the composting equipment is becoming larger. Was.

[0005] The open type generally has a merit that the raw material is piled up by 2 m or more, and the main part is to blow water from the lower part and to evaporate moisture by sunlight. However, it was necessary to stay for a long time for dry fermentation, which required a huge site. Further, since the raw material comes into contact with the atmosphere, heat is largely lost, and it has been difficult to apply the material to cold regions. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a composting apparatus capable of effectively decomposing organic substances by microorganisms while maintaining the advantages of a closed type and an open type fermenter.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, a composting apparatus according to the present invention comprises a drying section for evaporating water contained in a compost raw material, and a heating section for drying the raw material in the drying section. A heat supply device for supplying air and a fermentation unit for fermenting the raw material supplied from the drying unit are provided, and the drying unit and the fermentation unit are provided adjacent to each other. Further, the fermenter of the composting device of the present invention,
A chain member is provided inside the rotary kiln that stores the raw material of the compost, and the chain member is radially or spider-web-shaped extending in the radial direction of the rotary kiln, and the chain member is used as the raw material. It is configured to be relatively rotated with respect to the above, so that the raw material is agitated by a chain-like member. In addition, the above-mentioned chain-like member is a member in which the connecting portion is connected with a joint such as a link,
There is a continuum of chains and link connections, chains, and the like.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a composting apparatus and a fermenter thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a composting device according to the present embodiment. The composting device 1
The apparatus includes a dry fermentation apparatus 2 in which a fermentation conditioning section 3 as a drying section and a main fermentation section 4 are integrally arranged adjacent to each other. One fermentation-conditioning unit 3 is configured to be able to store a high-moisture compost material 5 composed of sludge, organic waste, and the like. A blower 7 is connected to the supply device 6. The heat supply device 6 can use various heat media regardless of an electric heater, a gas heater, steam, or the like, and heats the air supplied from the blower 7.

The temperature reducing dehumidifying device 8 is connected to the fermentation conditioning unit 3, and the temperature reducing dehumidifying device 8 can reduce the temperature of the steam evaporated in the fermentation conditioning unit 3, condense it, and discharge it from the drain port 9. The exhaust gas 1 connected to the temperature reducing dehumidifier 8
It is configured to flow to zero. In the fermentation conditioning unit 3 and the main fermentation unit 4 of the dry fermentation apparatus 2, a stirring device 11 is provided.
Is provided, so that the raw material of the compost can be stirred. Air is introduced into the main fermentation section 4 through the above-described blower 7 and the gas outlet 1
2 are provided, and the outlet 12 is connected to the exhaust device 10. Although not shown in the figure, a detection unit such as a thermometer or a hygrometer is provided in the fermentation conditioning unit 3 and the main fermentation unit 4, and a control device for controlling the composting device 1. Are arranged.

With such a configuration, when the compost raw material is supplied to the fermentation conditioning section 3, hot air is introduced into the inside of the compost raw material by the heat supply device 6 so that the temperature of the raw material is maintained at 80 ° C. or less. ing. Maintaining the temperature of the raw material at 80 ° C. or lower reduces fermentation of the raw material in the next step in order to reduce the death of microorganisms that decompose organic substances and expect live bacteria in the fermentation and tempering unit 3. It is for fermenting effectively.

The gas evaporated in the fermentation conditioning unit 3 is introduced into a dehumidifying and dehumidifying device 8, and dehumidified by condensation of water vapor due to the deceleration, and the resulting condensed water is discharged out of the system. Is discharged out of the system. At this time, high-concentration air such as ammonia during the initial fermentation for drying can be recovered in the condensed water. The raw material of the fermentation refining unit 3 has a water content of 70 to 50%, preferably 6%, so that the fermentation is activated.
After being adjusted to 5 to 55%, the raw material is sent out to the main fermentation unit 4 to be composted, and the gas generated in the main fermentation unit 4 is exhausted after being subjected to deodorization and the like via the exhaust device 10. You. As described above, in the composting apparatus of the present embodiment, it is not necessary to ferment (dry) the raw material (high-moisture sludge) in a device separated from the fermentation tank, as in the related art. By performing the dry refining at a low temperature of 80 ° or less, the activity of the fermenting microorganisms is not inhibited, and the drying and the fermentation proceed simultaneously. Also, it does not require the addition of auxiliary materials such as sawdust and paper for moisture adjustment and a moisture adjusting machine such as a product device.

Next, a specific example 1 in which the above-mentioned composting apparatus is applied to an open-type and closed-type dry fermentation apparatus will be described. FIG. 2 shows an open-type dry fermentation device 22 of a compost device 21.
Is shown. In the dry fermentation apparatus 22, a fermentation conditioning unit 23 and a main fermentation unit 24 are disposed integrally and adjacently, and both are separated by a partition material 25 such as rubber. The traveling paddle 2 traveling between them is provided in the fermentation conditioning section 23 and the main fermentation section 24.
6 are provided (note that one may be provided for each of the two 23 and 24) so that the raw materials can be stirred.

The dehumidifying device comprises a condenser 27 and a cooling device 2.
The gas containing water in the condenser 27 is condensed by exchanging heat with the cooling water of the cooling device 28, the water is drained out of the system, and the gas is passed through the fan 29. Is discharged. An air supply device 30 is connected to the fermentation conditioning unit 23, an air outlet 33 is provided at the bottom of the fermentation conditioning unit 23, and a fan 32 is connected to the air outlet 33 via a heater 34. The fermentation section 24 is provided with an outlet 31 for compost. In this specific example 1, unlike the composting apparatus 1 of FIG. 1, the air blown into the main fermentation section 24 blows air from the fan 29 through a heater 34 through an air blower disposed at the bottom of the main fermentation section 24. It is connected to the outlet 35.

In the first embodiment, as described above, the raw material 36 supplied to the fermentation and tempering unit 23 is adjusted to have a water content of 70 to 50%, preferably 65 to 55%, and the temperature of the raw material is set to 80 ° C. The following is maintained within a range in which the fermentation of the raw material is promoted. In the meantime, the raw material is stirred by the traveling paddle 26 and hot air for promoting drying and fermentation is supplied to the fermentation conditioning unit 23. Then, the raw material 36 is added for 1-2 days (maximum 3
Sun), and send it out to the main fermentation unit 24. In the main fermentation unit 24, the fermentation takes about 30 to 60 days, which is a period required for composting while maintaining the raw material at the above-mentioned moisture, and the raw material 36 is commercialized.

Next, a specific example 2 of a composting apparatus applied to a closed-type dry fermentation apparatus will be described. In the closed-type dry fermentation device 42 of the composting device 41 shown in FIG. 3, a fermentation conditioning unit 43 composed of a rotary kiln and a main fermentation unit 44 are arranged integrally and adjacent to each other, and are provided in adjacent portions thereof. The raw material 45 is supplied from the fermentation conditioning unit 43 to the main fermentation unit 44 through an opening / closing door (not shown).
Is sent out to the main fermentation section 44 by a raw material scraper 46. The fermentation heat treatment part 43 has an inlet 59 for accommodating the raw material 45 and a supply / exhaust port 47 for supplying / exhausting gas.
A condenser 48, a fan 50, and a heater 51 are connected between these passages. An exhaust port 52 is connected between the fan 50 and the heater 51.

As shown in FIG. 4, in the main fermentation section 44, a chain 53 is fixed to a central axis 54 of the main fermentation section 44, which is a rotary kiln, and is stretched radially or in a spider web form from the central axis 54. ing. In this specific example, the chain 53
Are radially stretched in eight directions from the central axis 54, and the radially stretched parts are attached at equal intervals in the axial direction of the central axis 54. The central shaft 54 can rotate independently of the container 55 of the rotary kiln, and the chains 53 are loosely stretched so that each chain 53 bends. In addition, the chain 53 may be disposed with a narrow interval in the axial direction in a portion where the raw material is difficult to stir, may have a larger number in the radial direction (radial direction), and may have a smaller chain thickness in each portion. It may be changed as appropriate, and further, the angle to the axis (other than a right angle)
May be added. As shown in FIG. 3, the main fermentation unit 44 is provided with an air supply port 56 for introducing air into the inside and a discharge port 57 for the fermented raw material.
A drive motor 60 for rotating the motor is provided.

In the specific example 2, the container 5 of the fermentor
8 is rotated at the order of several rpm while blowing hot air. The time required for drying the raw material 45 varies depending on various conditions such as the water content, but is on the order of several hours to several days. In the main fermentation unit 44, the raw material 45 is agitated by rotating the central axis 54 fixing the container 55 and the chain 53 in the opposite direction or rotating only the container 55. The number of rotations of the container 55 and the center shaft 54 varies depending on various conditions such as the capacity of the raw material 45, but is about several times per hour, and the residence time of the raw material 45 is one.
About 0 days ago. This is because, in the composting device, water is basically evaporated by the self-fermentation heat of the processed product, and if the stirring is performed excessively, the generation of the fermentation heat is suppressed.

Since the chain 53 is stretched loosely in the container, the raw material 45 is swung so as to be stirred when the raw material 45 is stirred, and the raw material adhering to the chain 53 is crushed and separated. Thereby, in compost processing, the raw material consisting of organic waste such as sludge having high viscosity or containing a large amount of water can be stably and sufficiently stirred. In particular, the main fermentation section 44 of Example 2 is effective for composting using organic waste such as sludge containing a large amount of highly viscous water as a raw material. In the specific example 2, the chain 53 is attached to the center shaft 54. However, the chain 53 may be attached to the inner wall of the container 55 of the main fermentation unit 44 to stir the raw material.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is, of course, not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made based on the technical concept of the present invention. For example, when a fermented product is used as a conditioning medium in the fermentation conditioning unit in the above-described embodiment, it becomes a seed fungus, a heat supply medium, a permeability improving material, and a moisture adjusting material, and the raw material can be more efficiently fermented. Further, in the specific example 2, the composting device 4 in which the fermentation conditioning unit 43 and the main fermentation unit 44 are integrated.
Although the stirring chain 53 is used in 1, the fermentation unit 43 and the main fermentation unit 44 are separated from each other, that is, the fermentation unit of an independent rotary kiln can be used. Furthermore, by connecting a vacuum device to the fermentation conditioning unit 43 which is a rotary kiln in the above specific example 2, the pressure in the container 58 can be reduced to promote the evaporation of water at a low temperature. In addition, the exhaust gas from the exhaust device 10 needs to be deodorized and discharged according to local conditions. As a measure to reduce the exhaust air volume, it is conceivable to recycle a part of the exhaust gas to the air supply side. However, in this case, it is difficult to reuse the air as it is because the humidity adversely affects the drying. . By dehumidifying this, it becomes possible to recycle it into the air supply without adversely affecting drying, and the amount of exhaust gas discharged after deodorization is greatly reduced, and the cost of deodorization can also be reduced. By closing the exhaust and air supply, the amount of processing exhaust can be significantly reduced.

[0019]

As described above, according to the composting device of the present invention, it is not necessary to ferment and condition high-moisture sludge (raw material) in a drying device separated from the fermentation section, and the composting device can be made compact. Will be possible. By performing the fermentation conditioning in the drying section (fermentation conditioning section) at a low temperature of 80 ° or less,
Drying and fermentation can proceed at the same time, and organic matter can be effectively decomposed in the fermentation section. The drying section is provided with a temperature-reducing dehumidifying device that cools and condenses the water evaporated from the raw material, so that the evaporated water can be condensed. High-concentration gas such as ammonia during fermentation can be recovered in condensed water. Further, according to the fermenter of the composting apparatus of the present invention, the raw material is stirred by the chain member, so that the raw material can be stirred by the chain member. Further, even if the raw material adheres to the chain member and solidifies by loosening the chain member, the mass of the raw material can be broken by bending the joint of the chain during stirring.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a composting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an open-type composting device of a specific example 1 of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a closed composting device of a specific example 2 of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a main fermentation section of the compost apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a main fermentation section of the compost apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a closed fermenter of a conventional composting device.

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of an open type fermenter of a conventional composting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,21,41 Composting device 2,22,42 Dry fermentation device 3,23,43 Fermentation conditioning unit 4,24,44 Main fermentation unit 5,36,45 Raw material 6 Heat supply device 7 Blower 8 Dehumidification dehumidifier 9, 12 Drain port 10 Exhaust device 11 Stirring device 25 Partition material 26 Travel paddle 27, 49 Condenser device 28 Cooling device 29, 32, 50 Fan 30 Air supply device 31 Drain port 33, 35 Air outlet 34, 51 Heater 46 Scratch Raising machine 47, 56 Air supply port 48, 52 Exhaust port 53 Chain 54 Central shaft 55, 58 Container 57 Discharge port

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takao Hashizume 12 Nishikicho, Naka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. F-term in Yokohama Seisakusho Co., Ltd. (Reference) 4D004 AA02 AA03 AB01 BA04 CA19 CA32 CA42 CB03 CB04 CB09 CB22 CB36 DA03 DA06 DA09 4D059 AA01 AA03 AA07 BA05 BA07 BA47 BA48 BA51 BA56 BD01 BF15 BJ01 BJ20 BK11 CA01 CA16 EB11 CC01 CB11 CC36 CC51 CC55 GG16 GG19 GG43 GG48 GG69 GG70 LL02 LL30

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A drying section for evaporating water contained in a raw material of a compost, a heat supply device for supplying hot air for drying the raw material in the drying section, and a fermentation of the raw material supplied from the drying section. A composting device comprising: a fermentation unit for causing the drying unit and the fermentation unit to be adjacent to each other. 2. The composting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism for adjusting the raw material in the drying section to 80 ° C. or lower and adjusting the water content of the raw material supplied to the fermentation section to 70 to 50%. . 3. A dehumidifying apparatus for dehumidifying and dehumidifying the steam from the raw material in only the drying section or in both the drying section and the fermenting section, and cooling and condensing the steam. 3. The composting device according to item 1. 4. The composting device according to claim 3, wherein the air dehumidified by the temperature reducing dehumidifying device is used for supplying air to a drying unit or a fermentation unit. 5. At least the fermentation unit is a rotary kiln, and a chain member is provided inside the rotary kiln, and the chain member is provided in a radial direction of the rotary kiln.
And it extends radially or in the shape of a spider web, is configured to rotate the chain member relatively to the raw material, and the raw material is agitated by the chain member. The composting device according to claim 2, wherein 6. A chain member is provided inside a rotary kiln for accommodating raw materials for compost, and the chain member is radially or spider-web-shaped extending in the radial direction of the rotary kiln to form the chain member. A fermenter for a composting device, wherein a member is configured to rotate relative to the raw material, and the raw material is agitated by a chain member. 7. A chain member in the rotary kiln is disposed by being bent, and the chain member swings when the chain member is relatively rotated with respect to the raw material. The fermenter of a composting device according to claim 5, wherein