KR100203924B1 - A fertilizing device of night soil - Google Patents

Abstract

[purpose]

The present invention relates to a composting device for sewage and manure sludge, which is capable of composting sewage or manure treatment sludge in a sewage treatment plant at low cost and high efficiency in a short time.

[Configuration]

The sludge storage hopper is equipped with a fixed horizontal drying container (5) having a conveying screw (9) driven by a motor (19) and heated with an outer band heater (15) to dry the sludge with an external air supply and exhaust of humid dry gas. Installed in the lower part of (3), under the drying container (5) while rotating the sludge flowed in by the inclined wing (6a) of the inner circumferential surface of the heating and the outside of the band heater (15) A single chain 22 which is loosely mounted on the fixed shaft 11 so that the fermentation vessel 6 fermented by the supply of air and the exhaust of humid air is zigzag-shaped, and the track 21 is rotated by the motor 21. It is a composting device for sewage / powder treatment sludge configured to induce fermentation by microorganisms by introducing a part of the fermented compost into the primary fermentation process on the sides of the drying vessel 5 and the fermentation vessel 6. .

Description

Composting device for sewage and manure sludge

The present invention relates to a composting device for making sludge produced when treating sewage or manure at a sewage and manure treatment plant into an organic fertilizer effective for cultivation and cultivation of crops, grass, etc., in particular, it can be composted at low cost and high efficiency in a short time. To the composting device of sewage and manure sludge.

Large amounts of sludge are produced in sewage and manure treatment plants. Manure sludge treated with sewage or manure has no proper treatment other than landfill due to unpleasant factors such as bad odors and pest infestation. In addition, the leachate poses a secondary environmental pollution problem, and therefore, it will be faced with a double burden of taking effective measures.

Considering these circumstances, it is necessary to find ways to dispose sewage sludge or manure sludge in a way that can be disposed of safely and quickly as quickly as possible by means other than simple landfill.

Incineration, composting, solidification, and pyrolysis may be considered as treatment methods other than landfill of sewage sludge or manure sludge, but have not yet reached the practical stage. It is considered effective to solve the sewage or manure sludge problem by composting sewage or manure sludge.

In a general composting process, degradable organic substances in nature are composted by aerobic microorganisms. Because of the heat generated during the decomposition, pathogenic bacteria are killed, and pest eggs, weed seeds, etc., which are not beneficial for composting, can no longer function properly, so that compost can be used directly.

The microorganisms used in the composting are mesophilic and high temperature microorganisms, and while the composting proceeds sufficiently, the high temperature microorganism becomes the dominant species and the organic matter is decomposed rapidly while the reaction temperature is maintained at 55-70 ° C. In this process, most of the microorganisms involved in organic decomposition are aerobic microorganisms, and self-fermentation heat is generated in the process of decomposing organic matter, so the inside of the reactor is kept at a high temperature. Therefore, in the composting of sewage sludge and manure sludge, various mechanical operability should be thoroughly examined so that aerobic microorganisms can be predominant from the design of the reactor.

Decomposition by aerobic microorganisms is largely divided into three stages. The first step is to raise the temperature by generating heat of oxidation while mesophilic bacteria decompose the raw material consisting of organic materials. In the second step, when the heat generated by mesophilic bacteria exceeds 40 ℃, the hot bacteria are gradually dominated and 60 ℃ The above step is the high temperature decomposition step of decomposing the organic material by heating up, and the third step is a ripening step in which the organic material is stabilized while cooling down gradually as the decomposition of the organic material is completed and no further heat of decomposition is generated, that is, a step in which the medium temperature microorganism is settled. Conventional sludge composting devices do not apply this decomposition principle.

On the other hand, there is a livestock meal dryer of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-55282. This prior art combines raw meal: sawdust or rice husk in a ratio of 7: 3, and introduces external air through a separate path, and introduces a high temperature of about 800 ° C produced by the burner into a drying furnace and transfers it to a transfer screw. At such high temperatures, microbial fermentation of sewage sludge and manure treatment sludge cannot be expected in the first place because microorganisms for fermentation of sewage sludge or manure treatment sludge cannot survive.

The prior art is also uneconomical because it uses a burner that consumes enormous thermal energy costs and the soot generated there is a secondary environmental pollution problem, with the rotary feed screw installed in the mixing and drying barrels and the inner peripheral surfaces of the mixing and drying barrels. Due to the tolerance, the amount of dry matter adhered to it is considerable, and the dry matter also has low drying efficiency due to the delay and congestion of subsequent dry matters. In addition, the burner has a problem that a lot of noise and smoke occurs.

On the other hand, in the conventional composting device for sewage sludge or manure treatment sludge, the use of a moisture control agent was essential as in the prior art. Moisture control agents include sawdust, rice hulls, and rice hulls. The composting of sewage or manure sludge using such moisture control agents is due to the large amount of moisture control agent, safety storage and transport facilities, cost procurement, and increased capacity of the composting reactor. Due to the high construction cost due to the large size of the device, the slow decomposition of the moisture control agent has a disadvantage that it takes at least 20-30 days to compost.

In the present invention, in the composting of sewage sludge or manure sludge generated in a sewage or manure treatment plant, it is possible to reduce the treatment time, improve the volume reduction ratio, minimize the installation place, reduce the cost of equipment and maintenance, etc. It is to provide a sludge composting device.

The present invention provides a device capable of rapidly composting sewage or manure sludge into a drying step and a fermentation step by aerobic microorganisms. The drying barrel and fermentation vessel are horizontal and the fermentation vessel is arranged in multiple stages.

The drying process removes water to the level necessary for the preliminary composting process by indirect heating in a single drying bin placed directly below the sludge hopper. The sewage or manure sludge introduced into the drying bin from the sludge hopper is indirectly heated with heat from the band heater enclosed in the drying tank while being directed to the outlet located opposite the inlet by the transfer screw and dried at a moisture content of 60-65%. The water vapor evaporated during drying is taken out by the draft fan and blown into the atmosphere.

Sewage sludge with lower moisture content leaves the drying bin and enters the fermentation stage. Sewage sludge or manure sludge dried in a drying bin is fermented simultaneously with drying during several stages of fermentation. In the fermentation process, the sewage sludge or manure sludge, which is dried and transported in the drying tank, is transported at a slow speed while fermentation by aerobic microbial predominance, so that the weight loss effect is remarkable without using a moisture control agent. Will come true.

Since the composting reaction in the present invention proceeds under aerobic conditions, the air supply necessary for the reaction is a very important control factor. Thus, the fermentation vat is supplied with air. The air supply is made by naturally flowing air through the tubular fixed shaft in compliance with the exhaust pressure when the hot and humid fermentation gas is extracted by the draft fan.

The main operating conditions for maintaining the interior of the drying and fermentation vessels in the optimum drying and fermentation atmosphere are the water content of the incoming sewage sludge or manure sludge, the drying temperature, the return of the compost finally obtained, the rotation period of each fermentation vessel, Evaporative water removal method. In the present invention, in particular, the control of the amount of conveyance and the amount of air supply of the final compost is the main design and operation factor of the composting reaction.

According to the sludge composting device of the present invention, composting of sewage and manure sludge is only about 5 days. This is quite a breakthrough compared to 2-30 days in the past.

1 is an external view of the composting device for sewage manure sludge according to the present invention.

2 is an internal configuration diagram of the present invention partially cut.

3 is a perspective view of a drying container.

4 is a perspective view of a fermentation vessel.

5 is a longitudinal side view of the fermentation vat.

6 is a transmission system of the drying screw and the transmission system of the fermentation vessel.

7 is an illustration of a contact attached to the chain.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

2: control panel 5: drying container

5d, 6c: discharge port 6: fermentation container

6a: wing 19, 21: motor

9: transfer screw 10, 27: sprocket

11: fixed shaft 11a: air supply pipe

11b: exhaust pipe 12: discharge opening and closing plate

13: inlet opening and closing board 14a-e: pneumatic cylinder

15: band heater 16: temperature sensor

17: aspirator 18: exhaust pipe

20, 22: chain 23a to e: position sensor

24: contactor 26: elevator

In FIG. 1, a control panel 2 is provided on the front face of the casing 1, and a storage hopper 3 for temporarily storing and injecting sewage sludge or manure sludge is provided at the top. (4) indicates the chimney through which steam generated during drying and fermentation will flow out of the air. In the following description, the sewage sludge or manure sludge is unified as a sludge for convenience of explanation.

In FIG. 2, a horizontal drying barrel 5 is provided just below the storage hopper 3, and a plurality of horizontal fermentation barrels 6 are arranged side by side above and below the drying barrel 5. In the vicinity of the bottom of the drying hopper 5, a storage hopper 3 is provided with a feeding screw 8 for periodically injecting sewage sludge or manure sludge while rotating in place by a motor 7. It is connected to the sludge inlet (5a) so that the sludge flows into the drying container (5).

In FIG. 3, the drying container 5 has a sludge inlet 5a and an air supply hole 5b perforated at one end of the upper surface, and the sludge dried at the lower surface diagonally from the sludge inlet 5a is the first fermentation container. A discharge port 5d for exiting 6-1 is formed, and an exhaust hole 5c is drilled in the upper main surface of the discharge port 5d. Moreover, the outside of the drying container 5 surrounds the band heater 15 in which the heating wire was embedded. The lead wire drawn out from the heating wire of the band heater 15 can be electrically connected to the control panel 2 and the external power supply side to control the operation necessary for the operation of the band heater 15 such as the selection of the heating time for the drying container 5. Do it.

Again in FIG. 2, the transfer screw 9 is incorporated in the drying container 5. The transfer screw 9 promotes drying through mixing and crushing while forcibly conveying the slits introduced into the inlet 5a toward the outlet 5b, and sprockets 10 for hooking the chain at one end of the blade root extending out of the drying container. Install).

In order to maintain the temperature at an appropriate level, the drying tank 5 is provided with a temperature sensor 16 for detecting internal temperature in the blade root of the transfer screw 9 so that the band heater 15 is automatically energized according to the detected temperature signal. Equipped with a control system to cut off the power.

The discharge hopper 5e is installed at the upper edge of the discharge port 5d and contains a suitable amount of dry sludge that is transported to lower the amount into the first fermentation barrel 6-1.

Looking at the fermentation barrel 6 in addition to the fourth and fifth degrees, the fermentation vessel 6 is provided in plurality. Each fermentation vessel 6: 6-1-4 is cylindrical, and the center of both sides is a type which rotates in place, loosely fitted to the fixed shaft 11. A plurality of vanes 6a are attached to the inside of the fermentation vessel 6, an inlet 6b is formed at one side of the main surface, and a discharge port 6c is formed in the diagonal direction of the yui 6b. The vane 6a is installed at an angle of about 30 ° along the conveying direction of the sludge to promote fermentation while stirring the sludge to convey the fermented sludge in the discharge direction. Like the drying container 5, the discharge hopper 6d is installed at the upper edge of the discharge port 6c, and contains a proper amount of fermented sludge to be sent down to the lower fermentation tank 6-2 by the amount thereof.

On the side of the fermentation vessel 6, specifically, the side on which the sprocket 10 is not attached, the band heater 15 attaches the C-type and annular terminals 6e connected to the conducting wire, so that the fermentation vessel 6 rotates even if the fermentation vessel 6 is rotated. Electrically surely contacts the installed external power supply terminal (not shown) so that power supply to the band heater 15 is prevented.

The fixed shaft 11 is a circular pipe for discharging the fermentation promoting air and the steam generated in the fermentation process, but half the inside to attach the air supply pipe (11a) on one side, and the exhaust pipe (11b) on the other side. The air supply pipe 11a and the exhaust pipe 11b limit the length within the rotation radius of the blade 6a so as not to interfere with the rotation of the fermentation vessel 6, and the fermentation sludge that is rolled up and dropped on the blade 6a when rotating. Is twisted in the shape of a stick so that it does not flow in, and is attached at an appropriate angle between the air supply pipe (11a) and the exhaust pipe (11b). In addition, the fixed shaft (11) is attached to the temperature sensor 16 for maintaining the proper operating temperature and electrically connected to the band heater 15 and the control panel (2) side surrounded by the fermentation vessel (6).

2 again, an inlet 6b of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1 is provided at the discharge port 5d of the drying container 5, and a first fermentation cylinder 6-1 is disposed at the discharge port 6c. The inlet 6b of 6-2 is an inlet 6b of the third fermentation cylinder 6-3 to the outlet 6c of the second fermentation cylinder 6-2, and the outlet of the third fermentation cylinder 6-3. In 6c, the inlet 6b of the 4th fermentation cylinder 6-2 is arrange | positioned in the zigzag form so that it may come in contact with. This is to allow the sludge flow to be operated quantitatively and continuously. At this time, all the fermentation barrels 6-1 to 4 are attached so that the sprocket 10 is placed in one direction so as to be driven by a single caterpillar chain.

Further, the discharge port 5d of the drying cylinder 5 and the inlet 6b of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1, the discharge port 6c of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1, and the second fermentation cylinder 6-2. Inlet 6b, outlet 6c of second fermentation cylinder 6-2, inlet 6b of third fermentation cylinder 6-3, outlet 6c and fourth fermentation cylinder of third fermentation cylinder 6-3. An inlet opening and closing plate 12 and an inlet opening and closing plate 13 having the same opening and closing direction are respectively provided at the inlet opening 6b of 6-4, and the soil opening and closing plate 12 at the discharge opening 6c of the fourth fermentation cylinder 6-4. ), The drying barrel (5) and the first fermentation barrel (6-1), the first fermentation barrel (6-1) and the second fermentation barrel (6-2), the second fermentation barrel (6-2) and the third fermentation barrel (6-3), on the frame positioned between the third fermentation barrel 6-3 and the fourth fermentation barrel 6-4, and on the frame under the fourth fermentation barrel 6-4, the lateral pneumatic cylinders 14a to 13, respectively. e) to be installed so as to walk open and close at the same time when the discharge opening and closing plate 12 and the inlet opening and closing pipe 13 reach the position facing each other despite the rotation of the fermentation vessel (6). And one end of the exhaust hole 5c of the drying container 5 and the fixed shaft 11 for the fermentation container 6 is connected to the aspirator 17 by an exhaust pipe 18.

In addition, an elevator 26 is installed at one side of the frame to pour a part of the final fermented compost into the inlet 6b of the first fermentation barrel 6-1 so as to attempt full fermentation of incomplete fermentation. . This reduced the sludge of the initial moisture content of 75-85% from the drying container (5) to 60-65% of moisture, and then returned a portion of the finally obtained compost in order to adjust it to around 50% of moisture content, which is the optimum range for composting. It is based on the experimental result that it is effective to put in 1).

In FIG. 6, the drying bin 5 is a separate drive of the motor 19 and the chain 20, and the fermentation bins 6-1-4 are rotated in place at the same speed at the same time in one chain 22. In turn, the chain 22 is pivoted by a separate motor 21. In this case, the transfer screw 9 of the drying container 5 is a reversible motor capable of forward and reverse rotation with a timer (not shown) in order to prevent the sludge from coming to one side and to crush and mix the sludge with large particles. .

Further, position sensors 23a to e for successively operating the plurality of pneumatic cylinders 14a to e are provided on the frame adjacent to the track of the fermentation vessel driving chain 22, and on the chain 22, the position sensors 23a. A contact 24 is attached to the pneumatic cylinders 14a to e by touching ˜e). Each of the position sensors 23a to e is pneumatic only when the contactor 24 that has orbited the track while the upper discharge port and the lower inlet port coincide at the same point contacts the one of the position sensors 23a to e at the corresponding position. The cylinders 14a to e are operated to open and close the discharge port and the inlet port.

Next, the process of drying and fermentation of sewage or manure sludge will be described.

The compost fermented with the appropriate amount of the compost fermented in the container (25), the hopper (1) operates the motors (19, 21), the aspirator (17) and the band heater (15) in a state of properly containing the sludge to be fermented. . The sludge in the hopper 1 then flows into the drying vessel 5, the fermentation vessels 6-1 to 4 rotate in the same direction, and the air supply to the drying vessel 5 and the fermentation vessels 6-1 to 4 is Aspiration proceeds. The water content of the initial sludge to be introduced into the drying bin (5) is usually 75-85%. The sludge is conveyed toward the discharge port 5d while being agitated by the feed screw 9, and external air is sucked into the air supply hole 5b by the draft pressure of the draft 17, thereby preventing internal vacuuming. . Heat is released from the band heater 15 to heat the drying container 5. It is necessary to maintain the internal temperature of the drying container 5 at 60 degreeC or more.

In this process, the sludge is conveyed with stirring, drying and prefermentation. The steam generated during drying is released by the strong suction force of the drawer 17 acting through the exhaust hole 5c. When a certain amount of dry sludge enters the discharge hopper 5e, the contactor 24 contacts the first position sensor 23a. At this time, the inlet 6b of the first fermentation barrel 6-1 is already perpendicular to the discharge port 5d of the drying vessel 5. In this manner, the pneumatic cylinder 14a is operated to open the discharge opening and closing plate 12 of the drying cylinder 5 and the inlet opening and closing tube 13 of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1. Accordingly, the dry sludge is poured into the first fermentation barrel 6-1. The moisture content of the dry sludge is approximately 60-65%.

On the other hand, the compost conveyed by the elevator 26 is thrown into the inlet 6b of the 1st fermentation cylinder 6-1. The dry sludge and the return compost are composted together with mixing by the rotation of the fermentation vessel 6-1 and the mixing of the blades 6a. At this time, the air flowing into one end of the fixed shaft 11 promotes the composting of the sludge, and the hot and humid fermentation gas escapes to the aspirator 17 through the other end of the fixed shaft 11 and diffuses into the atmosphere. .

The dry sludge is gradually composted by the microorganisms living in the return compost. In this case, since the internal temperature rises due to the heat generated by the fermentation of microorganisms, the band heater 15 installed outside the fermentation apparatus is extremely limited except that the temperature rises below 40 ° C. Air supply and exhaust when the activity of microorganisms is active and decomposition by organic matter begins to be activated further promotes aerobic decomposition.

When the fermentation sludge fermented in this way enters the discharge hopper 6d of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1, the contactor 24 contacts the second position sensor 23b. At this time, the inlet 6b of the second fermentation cylinder 6-2 is already on the vertical line with the outlet 6c of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1. At the same time, the pneumatic cylinder 14b is operated to open the discharge opening and closing plate 12 of the first fermentation cylinder 6-1 and the inlet opening and closing tube 13 of the second fermentation cylinder 6-2. The sludge is poured into the second fermentation barrel 6-2. In the fermentation process after the second fermentation barrel (6-2), fermentation proceeds without additional input of return compost.

In the third fermentation barrel (6-3) receives the fermentation sludge secondary fermented in the second fermentation barrel (6-2), and the fermentation sludge is re-fermented here, since the decomposition by the action of the microorganism is almost completed, so the decomposition rate is slow, The temperature will drop slowly. Finally, in the fourth fermentation barrel 6-4, the fermentation sludge received from the third fermentation barrel 6-3 is finally fermented to compost. In this case, the decomposition by the microorganisms is completely completed, the temperature is further lowered, and stabilization is achieved to be fully matured. Part of this fully aged fermentation sludge, ie, compost, is taken back into the first fermentation barrel 6-1 by elevator 26 and used for fermentation of subsequent dry sludge, and the rest of the compost is collected and stored.

As described above, the composting device for sewage and manure treatment sludge of the present invention is a device that makes useful compost by forced drying by indirect heat, indirect heat and several times of staged fermentation by microorganisms, and provides sewage with low cost and high efficiency within a short time. It is possible to compost sludge and manure sludge.

Claims (7)

The transfer screw which rotates with the motor 19 in arrange | positioning the drying container with the inlet which installed the to-be-dried thing in multiple stages, and the discharge port of the opposite side in zigzag so that the discharge port of a potential drying tank and the inlet of a rear drying tank may flow. (9) is enclosed and the band heater (15) is enclosed around the outer circumferential surface of the non-rotating drying container (5) with a sludge storage hopper (3) attached to the inlet side, and the drying container after the drying container (5) is a fermentation container (6). On the inner circumferential surface of each fermentation vessel (6) is attached to the wing 6a inclined in the conveying direction of the sludge, the outer circumferential surface is covered with a band heater (15), the center of rotation of the fermentation vessel (6) fixed shaft (11) At the same time it is installed so as to be rotatable in the chain sprocket (10) attached to the outer surface of each one and configured to be synchronized to the motor 21 by hanging a single chain 22 to these chain sprocket (10), the initial fermentation barrel (6 -1) put the compost in the first microbe Composting device for sewage and manure sludge consisting of fermented dry sludge. The fermentation vessel (6) according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation vessel (6) comprises a first fermentation vessel (6-1) for fermentation by adding compost to the dry sludge dried in the drying vessel (5) and a plurality of fermentation vessels (6) for re-fermenting the primary fermentation sludge. Composting device of sewage and manure sludge consisting of -2,3,4). 3. The fermentation vessel (6) according to claim 2, wherein the fermentation vessel (6) is provided at the inlet (6b) with an inlet opening and closing tube (13) which is opened and closed at the same time by the pneumatic cylinder (14) with the discharge opening and closing plate of the drying vessel (5) or the upper fermentation vessel. (6c) is a composting device for sewage and manure sludge provided with a discharge opening and closing plate (13) which is opened and closed at the same time as another inlet and outlet of the lower fermentation barrel by another pneumatic cylinder (14). According to claim 3, wherein the pneumatic cylinder 14 is a sewage so that the pneumatic cylinder 14 is operated sequentially when the position sensor 23 installed in the frame detects the contact 24 of the chain 22, Composting device for manure sludge. The transfer screw (9) is electrically attached to the band heater (15) and the control panel (2) by attaching a temperature sensor (16) for controlling the heating temperature of the band heater (15) of the drying container (5). Composting device for connected sewage and manure sludge. According to claim 1, wherein the fixed shaft (11) is a tubular shaft and bisect the inside to install the air supply pipe (11a) in the general portion and the exhaust pipe (11b) in the other half, fermentation tank (6) side band heater ( A composting device for sewage and manure sludge, which is attached to the band heater 15 and the control panel 2 by attaching a temperature sensor 16 for controlling the heat generation temperature. The composting device of sewage and manure sludge according to claim 6, wherein the air supply pipe (11a) and the exhaust pipe (11b) have their ends twisted to prevent the inflow of sludge.