JP2001179204A - Waste dehydrating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To supply a waste with a uniform moisture content by effectively dehydrating it. SOLUTION: This waste dehydrating device comprises a casing 21 with a loading opening 22 for the waste formed on one of the end sides and an unloading opening 24 for the waste formed on the other end side, a screw 25 which is arranged, in a freely rotatable manner, in the casing 21 and sends the waste from the loading opening 22 to the unloading opening 24, a dehydrating part B which has at least a part, contracted gradually tighter toward the unloading opening side, of the sectional area of a conveying space and also has dehydrating holes 28 formed in the casing 21 and a dehydration adjusting part C with the sectional face (an opening area) of the conveying space which is expandable and contractable in the casing 21.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dehydrator for dehydrating waste supplied to an incinerator (for example, a gasifier).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Municipal refuse contains about 50% of water on average, varies depending on the season, and tends to further increase in summer. It is preferable from the viewpoint of energy efficiency to reduce the amount of moisture when putting these municipal solid wastes into the incinerator. In particular, as in the gasification furnace expected in recent years, the amount of moisture in the waste When the thermal decomposition is directly varied, it is extremely important to keep the water content of the waste small and constant in the stable operation of the furnace.

Incidentally, as a method of mechanically dewatering waste instead of drying it, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-17 / 1998
There is a 5718 CD-ROM. This is a screw with a built-in screw inside a casing of the same cross section. And a dehydrating section in which the shaft of the screw is formed in a tapered shape having a larger diameter toward the downstream side in the transport direction and the cross section of the transport space is narrowed toward the downstream side, and the transport section and the dehydrating section in one casing. Are arranged in two stages so as to be repeated twice.

[0004]

However, since the water content of municipal waste, which is waste, varies depending on the season, etc., it is not possible to equalize the water content of the waste simply by applying a constant compressive force. There was a problem that it was difficult. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can adjust the dehydration amount in accordance with the moisture content of the waste, can equalize the moisture content of the waste, and stably operate the incinerator to be charged. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste dewatering device capable of performing the above.

[0005]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a casing having a waste inlet formed at one end and a waste outlet formed at the other end. And a screw rotatably disposed in the casing to feed waste from the input port to the discharge port, and at least a part of the cross section of the transfer space is narrowed down toward the discharge port side to form a dewatering hole in the casing. In the waste dewatering apparatus provided with a dewatering section, a dewatering adjusting section capable of enlarging and reducing the cross section of the transport space from the input port to the discharge port in the casing is formed.

According to the above configuration, the compression state of the waste in the casing can be controlled by adjusting the cross section of the transport space by the dewatering adjustment unit, and the compression state of the waste can be controlled in accordance with the quality of the waste and the amount of water. By controlling the compression state, it is possible to supply waste having a uniform moisture content even if the quality or moisture content varies. Therefore, the incinerator into which the waste is charged can be stably operated.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the above configuration, a dewatering adjusting unit is disposed downstream of the dewatering unit. According to the above configuration, the dewatering adjusting unit can adjust the compression state of the waste in the dewatering unit, so that the dewatering state can be effectively controlled. Claim 3
According to the invention described in the above aspect, the dewatering adjusting unit in the above configuration is configured such that at least two adjusting plates are superimposed on a support shaft of the screw from which the spiral blade of the screw has been removed, and are rotatably fitted in a predetermined range. Communication holes are formed on the adjustment plate so as to overlap each other to form an opening surface.

According to the above configuration, the compression state can be easily adjusted with a simple configuration in which only two adjustment plates are arranged. Further, the invention according to claim 4 is a casing in which a waste inlet is formed on one end side and a waste outlet is formed on the other end side, and the waste is disposed by being rotatably disposed in the casing. In a waste dewatering apparatus equipped with a screw that feeds from a mouth to a discharge port, a transfer section having a constant cross section of the transfer space from the input port to the discharge port side, and at least a part of the cross section of the transfer space is on the discharge side. A dewatering unit with a dewatering hole formed in the casing that is narrowed down as much as possible, a dewatering adjustment unit that can expand and contract the cross section of the transfer space, and a dewatering hole formed in the casing and the cross section of the transfer space is on the discharge port side An extruding part for extruding waste is provided at the tip nozzle which is narrowed down as far as possible.

According to the above construction, the water is sent from the dehydrating section to the extruding section via the dehydrating adjusting section, so that the dehydrating section and the extruding section can dehydrate in two stages and effectively dehydrate. By adjusting the cross section of the transport space by the dehydration adjusting unit, even if the quality of the waste and the amount of moisture vary, the waste having a uniform moisture can be supplied. Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 5, in the above-described configuration,
The apparatus is provided with a blockage prevention device for removing the blocked waste.

[0010] According to the above configuration, by removing the waste clogged in the dewatering hole, the dewatered separated water can be effectively drained.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Here, an embodiment of a waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 5, the dewatering device 3 is a single-shaft screw type and is installed in, for example, a gasification and melting facility. The gasification and melting equipment includes a gasification furnace 1 for thermally decomposing waste,
A combustion-melting furnace 2 for melting ash with a pyrolysis gas discharged from the gasification furnace;
Is a communication section (slag recovery section) 2c for heating and melting the ash entrained in the pyrolysis gas by the heat of combustion and capturing and collecting it as molten slag. And a secondary combustion section 2b for completely burning the exhaust gas.

A waste supply line 5 for supplying garbage as waste from the refuse supply hopper 4 to the gasifier 1 has a crusher 6 as crushing means for roughly crushing waste such as garbage.
And a dewatering device 3 according to the present invention, in which garbage is agitated, mechanically compressed and dewatered, and waste is supplied to the gasification furnace 1 in fixed amounts.
Are provided. An exhaust gas line 7 from the combustion and melting furnace 2 has a heat recovery unit 8 disposed on the outlet side of the secondary combustion unit 2b, an exhaust gas treatment device 9 for removing harmful substances from the exhaust gas after heat recovery, and an exhaust gas A chimney 10 for exhausting air is provided. Further, the steam heated by the heat recovery unit 8
The steam is supplied to the steam turbine 13 of the power generation facility 12 by the steam supply line 11 and the generator 14 is driven to generate power.

As shown in FIG. 1, the dewatering device 3 has a waste casing inlet 22 formed at one end of a cylindrical casing 21 and an outlet 24 at the other end. A screw 25 with a shaft is rotatably disposed at the shaft center portion in the casing 21, and the rotation of the screw 2 is performed by a rotation drive device (hydraulic or electric motor) 27 for dehydration via a speed reducer 26.
5 is driven to rotate. Also, in this casing 21,
A transfer unit A, a dewatering unit B, a dewatering adjusting unit C, and an extruding unit D are formed from the inlet 22 to the outlet 24.

That is, in the casing 21, the transfer section A, the dewatering section B, and the dewatering adjusting section C are formed in a cylindrical straight cylindrical section 21a having a constant internal cross section. Formed on the tapered cylindrical portion 21b. In the transfer section A, the dewatering section B, and the dewatering adjustment section C, the spiral screw blades of the screw 25 are formed as straight blades 25A having a constant outer diameter. It is formed on a tapered blade 25B having a diameter. In the transfer section A, the shaft of the screw 25 is formed as a small-diameter small-diameter shaft 25a from the cross-section inside the casing 21, and the cross section of the transport space obtained by subtracting the cross-section of the small-diameter shaft 25a from the inner cross-section of the casing 25. The surface is formed uniformly. The dewatering section B has a tapered shaft 25b in which the shaft of the screw 25 has a larger diameter on the inlet 22 side and on the outlet 24 side.
Large straight shaft 25c on the outlet 24 side of the dehydration adjusting section C
The waste is compressed by narrowing the transport space toward the discharge port by the tapered shaft 25b, and is discharged from the plurality of dehydration holes 28 formed in the casing 21. Further, in the extruded portion D, the casing 21 is formed in a conical tapered cylindrical portion 21b having a smaller diameter toward the discharge port side, and a plurality of dehydration holes 28 are also formed in the tapered cylindrical portion 21b. In addition, the shaft of the screw 25
A tapered blade 25B formed on a conical shaft 25e with a sharp side
And a small diameter tip nozzle 29 is provided at the discharge port 24. After the dewatering section B, the extruded section D can further continuously perform compression dehydration in two stages.

The dehydration adjusting section C has a ring-shaped fixed adjusting plate 31 which is overlapped with a small-diameter support shaft 25d via a bearing 33 in the axial direction on a small-diameter support shaft 25D from which the spiral blade 25A is removed. A movable adjustment plate 32 that is rotatable within a predetermined range is externally fitted to 31 in an overlapping state. And the fixed adjustment plate 3
1 is fixed to the casing 21 so that the bearing 33
The screw 25 is supported via the. The adjusting plates 31 and 32 have cocoon-shaped communication holes 31 overlapping each other.
a, 32a are formed at a predetermined aperture ratio at predetermined angles. Therefore, by rotating the movable adjustment plate 32 by a predetermined angle in the direction of the arrow with respect to the fixed adjustment plate 31 by the adjustment driving device 34, as shown by cross-hatching in FIGS. The compression force is increased by narrowing the opening area _EL to E _S , and a large amount of water can be dehydrated from the waste. In the drawing, the adjustment driving device 34 is connected to a sector gear 34a formed on the movable adjustment plate 32.
A pinion 34b meshing with the sector gear 34a;
An adjustment driving device 34c is provided in the casing 21 to rotate the pinion 34b.
As long as can be rotated within a predetermined range, an actuator or a hydraulic cylinder may be used, or the movable adjustment plate 32 may be manually rotated.

The casing 21 is provided with a drainage cover 41 for covering the dewatering holes 28 formed in the dewatering section B and the extruding section D. The drainage water discharged from the dewatering holes is discharged from the drain port 41. Can be. An optional part or the entirety of the dewatering hole 28 is provided with a blockage prevention device 42 for removing the blocked waste. The blockage prevention device 42 includes a cylindrical cover 43 that covers the dewatering hole 28 and has a drainage hole 43a, and a swivel that is supported by a bottom plate in the cylindrical cover 43 via a bearing and is rotatably disposed at an axial center position. A turning screw 44 as a member, and the turning screw 44
Drive device 45 such as an electric motor that rotates the motor at low speed in the forward direction (discharge direction) or in the reverse direction (return direction)
By rotating the turning screw 44 at a low speed, dust in the dewatering hole 28 can be pushed out to prevent clogging, and waste can be prevented from being discharged by the resistance of the turning screw 44. Here, even if the turning screw 44 is rotated at a low speed in the forward direction, there is some discharge of dust,
There is no problem on the dehydration function, and by the reverse rotation,
You can push garbage back.

In another form of the blockage prevention device 50, a plurality of fork-shaped revolving members 51 rotatably supported by a movable table 55 are connected and interlocked via an interlocking mechanism 52 including a pulley and a belt, and an electric motor or the like is provided. The turning table is driven by a turning member driving device 53 comprising a movable table 5 by a retracting device 54 comprising a fluid pressure cylinder and an actuator.
The swivel member 51 is configured to move out and into the dewatering hole 28 through the intermediary 5. Note that the turning member 51 may also be a turning screw. With this blockage prevention device 50,
The waste material clogged in the dewatering hole 28 is removed by rotating the revolving member 51 by the revolving device 53 and inserting the revolving device 54 into the dewatering hole 28 at predetermined operation times or according to the state of drainage of the separated water. In addition, blockage can be prevented and drainage can be promoted. Further, by compressing the waste by the dehydrating device 3, the inlet of the gasification furnace 1 can be sealed.

In the above configuration, the waste is sent from the refuse supply hopper 4 to the crusher 6 to be crushed, and then sent to the dehydrator 3. In the dewatering device 3, the waste put into the transfer part A from the input port 22 is sequentially sent to the dewatering part B by the rotation of the screw 25, and the taper shaft 2 which becomes thicker sequentially.
The transport space is reduced and compressed by 5b, dewatered, and the separated water is discharged from the dewatering hole 28. Further, in the dehydration adjusting section C, the cross section of the transport space is narrowed by the communication holes 31a, 32a of the adjusting plates 31, 32, and further compressed and dehydrated.
Further, also in the extruding section D, dehydration is promoted by being continuously compressed by the transfer space gradually reduced toward the tip nozzle 29, and the dehydrated waste is supplied to the gasification furnace 1 from the tip nozzle 29 in a constant amount. . Further, the movable adjusting plate 32 is rotated by a predetermined angle by the adjusting drive unit 34 in accordance with the moisture and the type of the waste, and the compression area is adjusted by reducing or expanding the opening area E of the communication holes 31a and 32a, and adjusting the dewatering amount. And the amount of waste having an appropriate amount of water can be supplied quantitatively.

In the gasification furnace 1, the waste is stirred and heated together with the fluidized medium, and pyrolyzed (dry-dried) in a state of insufficient air. Then, the pyrolysis gas containing unburned components, char and the like discharged from the gasification furnace 1 is sent to the melting part 2a of the combustion melting furnace 2 and burned at a high temperature, and the ash entrained by the pyrolysis gas by this heat Is melted, and ash (molten slag) or the like in a molten state is captured by the communication portion 2c. And the exhaust gas is in the secondary combustion chamber 2
b, the exhaust gas is sent to a heat recovery unit 8 where the heat is recovered.
After being rendered harmless, it is discharged from the chimney 10. Heat recovery unit 8
Is heated by the steam turbine 13 of the power generation facility 12.
To be used for power generation.

According to the above embodiment, since the dewatering section B and the extruding section D perform compression dewatering continuously in two stages before and after, waste can be dewatered effectively, and the initial water content can be reduced.
% Waste can be dewatered to about 35%.
Further, the opening area E can be reduced by rotating the movable adjustment plate 32 in accordance with the quality of the waste and the contained moisture even during operation by the dehydration adjusting section C interposed between the dehydrating section B and the extruding section D. Adjustment and dehydration state can be easily controlled, waste of uniform moisture content can be supplied to the gasification furnace 1, and the gasification furnace 1 can be stably operated. Further, even when the load increases due to a sudden change in the quality of the waste and the motor is likely to trip (stop), the dehydration adjusting unit C
By increasing the opening area E, the load can be reduced in a short time, and stable operation can be continued.

Further, the dewatering hole 28 is provided with a blockage prevention device 42,
Since the 50 is provided, even when the drainage amount is reduced due to clogging in accordance with the dehydration state, the blockage can be easily released by rotating the turning screw 44 or rotating the turning member 51 to protrude. FIGS. 6 to 8 show another embodiment of the dehydrating apparatus. In the biaxial screw-type dehydrating apparatus 60, the same members as those in the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted. .

Although the dewatering device 60 is shown as a co-rotating type and a completely meshing type, it may be a non-meshing type or a different-direction rotating type. This dehydration adjustment section C
The two holes are connected in contact with each other to form a communication hole 6.
A lens-shaped fixing adjustment body 62 having a 2a formed therein is externally fitted to a support shaft 25d of the screw 25 via a bearing 33 and fixed to the casing 61, and is rotatably movable within a predetermined range in the left and right ring portions to a communication hole. A C-shaped movable adjustment plate 63 on which a 63 a is formed is disposed so as to overlap the fixed adjustment plate 62. Reference numeral 64 denotes a power distribution gear box.

According to the above embodiment, in addition to the functions and effects of the above embodiment, the twin-screw dewatering device 6
By adopting 0, the waste can be compressed and dehydrated at a higher pressure, and effective dehydration can be performed.

[0024]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the compression state of the waste in the casing can be controlled by adjusting the cross section of the transport space by the dewatering adjustment unit. By controlling the compression state in accordance with the quality and the amount of water of the waste, it is possible to supply the waste having a uniform amount of water even if the quality and the amount of water fluctuate. Therefore, the incinerator into which the waste is charged can be stably operated.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the compression state of the waste in the dehydration section can be adjusted by the dehydration adjustment section, so that the dehydration state can be effectively controlled. Further, according to the third aspect of the present invention, the compression state can be easily adjusted with a simple configuration in which only two adjustment plates are arranged.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the water is sent from the dewatering section to the extruding section via the dewatering adjusting section, so that the dewatering section and the extruding section can be dehydrated in two stages and effectively dewatered. By adjusting the cross section of the transport space by the dehydration adjusting unit during that time, even if the quality of the waste and the amount of moisture vary, it is possible to supply the waste with uniform moisture.

Further, according to the invention described in claim 5,
By removing the waste clogging the dewatering holes, the dewatered separated water can be effectively drained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged state of an opening of a dewatering adjustment unit of the waste dewatering apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a reduced state of an opening of the dehydration adjusting unit.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a blockage preventing device of the dehydration adjusting unit.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a gasification and melting facility provided with the dehydration apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a plan sectional view showing another embodiment of the waste dewatering apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a reduced state of an opening of the dehydration adjusting unit.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a blockage preventing device of the dehydration adjusting unit.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing a modification of the blockage prevention device of the dehydration adjusting unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List A transfer section B dehydration section C dehydration adjustment section D extrusion section E opening area 1 gasifier 2 combustion melting furnace 3 dehydrator 21 casing 22 input port 24 discharge port 25 screw 25A straight blade 25B tapered blade 25a small diameter shaft 25b taper Shaft 25c Large diameter shaft 25d Support shaft 25e Conical shaft 27 Dehydration rotation drive device 28 Dehydration hole 29 Tip nozzle 31 Fixed adjustment plate 31a Communication hole 32 Movable adjustment plate 32a Communication hole 33 Bearing 34 Adjustment drive device 41 Drain cover 42 Blocking prevention device 44 turning screw 45 screw drive device 50 blockage prevention device 51 turning member 52 interlocking mechanism 53 turning member drive device 54 retraction device

Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Shinichiro Ando 1-7-89, Minami Kohoku, Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Hitachi Zosen Corporation (72) Inventor Katsuhiko Yamamoto 1-7-89, Minami-Kohoku, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Osaka No. Hitachi Zosen Corporation (72) Inventor Akashi Chiki 1-7-89 Minami Kohoku, Suminoe-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture Hitachi Zosen Corporation

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A casing having a waste inlet formed at one end and a waste outlet formed at the other end, and a casing rotatably disposed within the casing to discharge waste from the inlet. In a waste dewatering apparatus including a screw that feeds to an outlet, and a dewatering unit in which at least a part of the cross section of the transport space is narrowed down toward the discharge port and a dewatering hole is formed in the casing, A waste dewatering apparatus characterized by forming a dewatering adjusting section capable of enlarging and reducing the cross section of the transport space leading to the discharge port. 2. The waste dewatering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a dewatering adjusting unit is disposed downstream of the dewatering unit. 3. A dehydration adjusting section, wherein at least two adjusting plates are superimposed on a support shaft of the screw from which the spiral blade of the screw has been removed, and are rotatably fitted in a predetermined range. 3. The waste dewatering device according to claim 1, wherein communication holes that overlap each other to form an opening surface are formed. 4. A casing having a waste input port formed at one end and a waste discharge port formed at the other end, and a rotatably disposed waste within the casing for discharging waste from the input port to the discharge port. A transfer section having a constant cross section of the transfer space from the input port to the discharge port side, and at least a part of the cross section of the transfer space is narrowed down toward the discharge port side. A dewatering unit having a dewatering hole formed in the casing, a dewatering adjustment unit capable of expanding and reducing the cross section of the transfer space, and a dewatering hole formed in the casing and the cross section of the transfer space being narrowed toward the discharge port side. A waste dewatering device, wherein an extruding part for extruding waste is disposed at a tip nozzle. 5. The waste dewatering apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a blockage preventing device for removing the blocked waste in the dewatering hole.