JP2001140587A - Cutter bit replacing device for shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutter bit replacing device for a shield machine capable of replacing only a cutter bit made unusable by abrasion or breakage, having nearly the same structure as that of a shield machine having no cutter bit replacing device, having little cost increase, and requiring a manufacturing cost less by far than that of a shield machine having a spherical support. SOLUTION: This shield machine 1 is provided with a cutter disk 4 at the front of a machine main body 2, and a work passage 15 for replacing the cutter bit is provided integrally rotatably with the cutter disk 4 on the back side of the cutter spokes 5 of the cutter disk 4. The cutter bits 9 on the cutter spokes 5 are made extractable in the work passage 15, a hollow shaft 16 is arranged integrally rotatably at the center section of the cutter disk 4, and a worker access opening 16A is provided at the rear end of the hollow shaft 16 communicatably with the work passage 15 on the cutter spokes 5 side.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging device suitable for a shield excavator requiring a long excavation (excavation) distance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, the distance that a shield machine can excavate without changing a cutter bit of a cutter disk is one.
In recent years, in order to reduce the cost required for tunnel excavation work, there is a tendency to extend the excavation distance per shield excavator and excavate a long distance. However, when excavating a long distance, replacement work due to wear and breakage of the cutter bit is indispensable. Conventional techniques relating to cutter bit replacement in a shield machine are as follows.

[0003] A shield excavator without a cutter bit replacement device is generally used. In this case, a replacement operation is performed by injecting a chemical solution into a ground in front of a cutter disk, solidifying the ground, and then grounding the ground. A pit is dug to make a working space in front of the cutter disc. Then, the worker descends into the space, removes the cutter bit arranged in front of the cutter disk, and replaces it with a new cutter bit.

[0004] A cutter disk provided on the front surface of a shield machine is retracted in a radial direction so that the diameter of the cutter disk can be reduced. The cutter disk is mounted on a spherical support in the machine. With a spherical support and a rotating mechanism, the front of the cutter disk is turned backward in the excavator, and the operator removes the cutter bit on the front of the cutter disk in the excavator and replaces it with a new one. It has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-2439).
No. 2, JP-A-6-200693).

[0005] The cutter spoke of the cutter disk can be turned around an axis extending radially from the center, and the cutter bit is attached to a plurality of circumferentially spaced surfaces of the cutter spoke. There is proposed a structure in which a damaged cutter bit is closed by rotating a cutter spoke when a replacement is necessary, and a new cutter bit is exposed on the front side (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 7-224595 and 8). -199980).

[0006]

The replacement of the cutter bit according to the above-mentioned prior art has the following problems to be solved.

[0007] Bit replacement by chemical injection and shaft excavation: The cost of chemical injection is high, the construction period is long, and it takes a long time to replace the cutter bit. Also, it is difficult to secure land for excavating the shaft.

[0008] Bit replacement by a spherical support: the operation of rotating a spherical support by reducing the diameter of a cutter disk is difficult and time-consuming, and the cost of manufacturing a spherical support and a shield machine equipped with this rotation mechanism is very high. High.

[0009] Bit replacement by turning the cutter spoke: Even if a part of the cutter bit is worn or damaged, the cutter spoke is turned by a predetermined angle to expose the cutter bits arranged in another row. It is very uneconomical to replace an undamaged cutter bit with a damaged cutter bit. In addition, the locations (positions) where the cutter bits are likely to be worn and damaged are generally constant, so the cutter spokes must be rotated for a short excavation distance and replaced with other rows of cutter bits. Depending on the number of rows of cutter bits provided, the excavation distance may not be extended as expected.

[0010] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can replace only a cutter bit that has become unusable due to wear or damage, and has a structure that is smaller than that of an excavator that does not include a cutter bit replacement device. Almost unchanged,
It is another object of the present invention to provide a cutter bit exchanging device for a shield excavator, which requires only a small increase in cost and is much less expensive to manufacture than an excavator having a spherical support.

[0011]

According to the present invention, there is provided a cutter bit exchanging apparatus for a shield, comprising: a) a shield excavator having a cutter disk on a front surface of an excavator main body; The cutter spokes of the disc are disposed so as to be pivotable about an axis extending radially from the center with respect to the cutter disc main body.c) Behind the cutter spokes, a work passage for replacing a cutter bit is provided on the cutter disc. D) a cutter bit is provided for the cutter spoke so as to be able to protrude / retract and be detachably attached to the cutter spoke and can be taken out into the work passage; ande) a hollow shaft is integrated with a central portion of the cutter disk. It is arranged rotatably.

According to the cutter bit exchanging apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the inspection or replacement of the cutter bit can be performed as follows. That is, in a state in which the rotation of the cutter disk is stopped, the worker passes through the work passage in the hollow shaft from inside the excavator main body, and enters the work passage for replacing the cutter bit behind the cutter spoke. Then, an operator enters the work passage behind the cutter spoke, and turns the cutter spoke approximately 180 ° in a state where the cutter bit on the cutter spoke is retracted, so that the cutter bit is directed into the work passage. In this state, the worker checks the wear state of the cutter bit on the cutter spoke and replaces the bit if necessary. Then, by turning the cutter spoke again by approximately 180 °, the cutter bit faces the front of the cutter disk, and may be projected forward. After the inspection or replacement of the cutter bit is completed, the cutter bit is returned to the original position on the cutter spoke, and the worker returns to the excavator body through the work passage and the hollow shaft. This eliminates the need for any work such as chemical injection or shaft excavation.
The inspection and replacement work of the cutter bit is completed in a very short time.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shield excavator having a cutter disk provided on a front surface of an excavator body, and b) a work passage for exchanging a cutter bit is provided behind a cutter spoke of the cutter disk. The cutter spoke is provided so as to be integrally rotatable with the cutter disk, c) a hollow shaft is provided so as to be integrally rotatable at the center of the cutter disk, and d) an opening for an operator to enter and exit is provided at the rear end of the hollow shaft. E) a cutter bit opening is provided at the front of the cutter spoke at an axial interval, and a shutter for opening and closing the opening is mounted on the opening so that the shutter can be opened and closed; f) ) The cutter bit together with its mounting member can be taken out of the cutter spoke into the cutter bit replacement work passage integrated therewith. Can.

According to the replacement device having this configuration, the operator enters the work passage behind the cutter spoke, closes the shutter and closes the opening with the cutter bit drawn into the cutter spoke from the opening. Then, the cutter bit is taken out into the work passage together with the mounting member, the wear state of the cutter bit is checked, and if necessary, it is replaced. Then, the cutter bit can be returned to its original state with its mounting member, and the shutter can be opened to allow the cutter bit to protrude from the opening forward of the cutter spokes.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, A) the cutter spoke body is pivotally supported on a support frame surrounding the periphery of each cutter spoke of the cutter disk body so as to be pivotable about its central axis, and B) the cylindrical shape is provided. The support cylinders are arranged laterally at intervals in the axial direction in the cutter spoke body of (1), and (C) a mounting member of the cutter bit is slidably inserted into each of the support cylinders; and (D) a base of the mounting member. A moving mechanism for moving a mounting member back and forth along the support tube so that the cutter bit can protrude and retract from the cutter spoke body can be connected to the end.

According to the exchange device having this configuration, the cutter bit is pulled into the cutter spoke body together with the mounting member by the moving mechanism, and the cutter spoke body is turned by approximately 180 ° with respect to the support frame of the cutter disk body, so that the cutter bit is moved into the work passage. Turn to the side. In this state, an operator who has entered the work passage inspects the cutter bit and replaces it with a new one if necessary. After the inspection and replacement work is completed, the cutter spoke body is
The excavation work can be resumed by turning the cutter bit by 80 ° and projecting the cutter bit forward of the cutter spoke body by the moving mechanism.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, E) the working passage is formed integrally with the cutter spoke to form a rectangular frame in cross section, and F) an opening for allowing the cutter bit to protrude and retract in the front surface of the cutter spoke in the axial direction. G) The support cylinders that are open front and rear from the peripheral edge of each opening are integrally formed toward the working passageway, and H) The entrance and exit of the shutter are opposed to each other at the front of the support cylinder. And a pair of shutters are slidably and openably and closably provided at each of the entrances and exits.I) The cutter bit is detachably attached to a distal end portion of a mounting member slidably inserted into the support cylinder. Attachment, J) The moving mechanism of the attachment member can be connected to a shaft support detachably attached to the rear end opening of the support cylinder.

According to the exchange device having this configuration, the cutter bit is pulled in from the opening of the cutter spoke together with the mounting member by the moving mechanism, and the opposing shutters are closed to close the opening. In this state, an operator in the work passage removes the shaft support from the rear end opening of the support tube, and pulls out the cutter bit together with the mounting member from the support tube into the work passage. Then, check the extracted cutter bit and replace it with a new cutter bit if necessary. After the operation is completed, the cutter bit is inserted into the support cylinder together with the mounting member, and the shaft support is mounted on the rear end opening. Then, the excavation work can be resumed by opening the shutter to open the opening, moving the cutter bit forward with the mounting member by the moving mechanism, and projecting the cutter bit forward from the opening of the cutter spoke.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, K) the support cylinder disposed along the axial direction of the cutter spoke body is disposed so as to be inclined so that the tip is directed outward as approaching the peripheral edge. L) The main body of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the base end side of the support cylinder via a support member, and the cutter bit is detachably attached to the distal end of the rod, and the base end of the rod is connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod. Can be connected to the tip.

According to the replacement device of this configuration, since the support cylinder is disposed so as to be inclined so that the front end faces outward as it approaches the peripheral portion, the work of replacing the cutter bit from the work passage side becomes easy. Also, the work of retracting or projecting the cutter bit into the cutter spoke body,
Since the operation can be automatically performed by the hydraulic cylinder, it is not necessary for the operator to rotate the screw rod with the rotary tool when replacing the cutter bit, so that the operation is facilitated. In addition, since the cutter bit can be protruded into the working passage by the hydraulic cylinder at the time of replacement, inspection and replacement are further facilitated.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a cutter bit changing device in a shield machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view showing an outline of a shield machine equipped with a cutter bit changing device according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a front view showing a left half of the shield machine shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the cutter bit changing device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view at the center, and FIG. 3 (b) is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. 3 (a). FIG. 3 (c) is a view taken along line CC of FIG. 3 (a), omitting a cutter bit on the front surface of the hollow shaft. FIG. 4 (a) shows the A-
FIG. 4 (b) to FIG. 4 (d) are enlarged sectional views showing the procedure of inspection and replacement work of the cutter bit, and FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the cutter bit replacement device. FIG.
(a) and (b) are sectional views corresponding to FIGS. 4 (b) and (c).

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shield machine 1 includes a machine 2 including a front body 2A and a rear body 2B.
The front body 2 </ b> A and the rear body 2 </ b> B are connected to bend freely, and are bent via the center-folding jack 3. On the front surface of the excavator body 2, a cutter disk 4 is rotatably supported. The cutter disk 4 has an intermediate ring 4A as shown in FIG. 2, and cutter spokes 5 extending in a radial direction from a central portion are arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential direction. An auxiliary spoke 6 extending in the radial direction from the intermediate ring 4A is arranged between the cutter spokes 5. The cutter disk 4 has a face plate 4B, and the cutter spokes 5 of the face plate 4B are provided.
And both sides of the auxiliary spokes 6 are provided with earth and sand intake ports 4C, respectively. Further, a copy cutter 7 is provided on the cutter disk 4 so as to be able to freely enter and exit radially outward, and a roller cutter 8 is rotatably provided at an appropriate position on the face plate 4B. A number of cutter bits 9 project from the cutter spoke 5 and a number of cutter bits 10 project from the auxiliary spoke 6, which will be described later.

The cutter disk 4 is rotatably supported by the excavator main body 2 by a swivel bearing 12 via a beam 11 extending rearward from the intermediate ring 4A.
A ring gear 1 is provided on the inner cylinder 12A of the slewing bearing 12.
3 are integrally fixed, and a plurality of drive gears 14 </ b> A mesh with the ring gear 13. The drive gear 14A is attached to the drive shaft of the drive motor 14, and a plurality of drive motors 14 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction with respect to the excavator body 2. On the rear side of the cutter spoke 5, a work passage 15 for replacing a cutter bit is provided so as to be integrally rotatable with the cutter disk 4 (and of course with the cutter spoke 5). Further, a cylindrical hollow shaft 1 having an inside formed as a working passage is provided at the center of the cutter disk 4.
6 are provided so as to be integrally rotatable. Hollow shaft 16
Has a substantially conical shape, and has a cutter bit 10 protruding therefrom.

A bulkhead 17 is fixed to the front end of the machine 2 immediately behind the cutter disk 4, and a space between the bulkhead 17 and the cutter disk 4 is formed in a cutter chamber 18. The front end of the mud feed pipe 20 penetrates through the upper part of the bulkhead 17 and faces the inside of the cutter chamber 18,
Further, the front end of the sludge pipe 21 is disposed so as to pass through the lower portion of the bulkhead 17 so as to face the inside of the cutter chamber 18, and the rear end side of each of the pipes 20 and 21 is extended rearward of the excavator body 2. I have. In addition, an agitator 22 is provided in the cutter chamber 18 near the opening at the front end of the sludge pipe 21. The hollow shaft 16 passes through the center of the cutter chamber 18, and the hollow shaft 16 is rotatably fitted via a bearing 19 to a cylindrical support wall 18 </ b> A provided in the center of the cutter chamber 18. Has been inserted.

On the ring frame 23 at the front end of the rear trunk 2B, a plurality of shield jacks 24 are arranged rearwardly at intervals in the circumferential direction. Further, a turning ring 26 is disposed on the center frame 25 in the ring frame 23, and an erector 28 is mounted on the turning ring 26. The rear work deck 27 is mounted on the ring frame 23.
Is fixed, and a rear work deck 27 extends rearward. On the rear work deck 27, a perfect circle holding device 29 is provided via a moving mechanism 29A so as to be movable in the front-rear direction. In addition, the code | symbol 30 in FIG. 1 is a man lock, 31 is a tail grout seal, and S is a segment piece.

As shown in FIG. 3, each cutter spoke 5
A communication port 16B communicating with the work passage 15 on the rear side of the hollow shaft 16 is opened in the hollow shaft 16.
An opening (opening) 16A for an operator is opened at the rear end of the vehicle. In addition to the entrance 16A, the work passage 15
Each of the communication port 16B and the communication port 16B is set to have a size that allows a worker to pass through. A ramp (not shown) is attached to a rear wall in the work passage 16 so that the worker can go up and down. The beam 1 that crosses the work passage 15
1 is provided with an opening (not shown) through which an operator can pass.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cutter spoke 5
Has a main body 5A formed of a cylindrical frame, and a frame 4D having a rectangular cross section forming a working passage 15 inside is integrally fixed to a support frame 4C surrounding the periphery of each cutter spoke 5 of the main body of the cutter disk 4. Have been. In the support frame (cutter disc main body) 4C, a center axis LL (FIG. 3) in which a cutter spoke main body 5A extends in the radial direction is provided.
It is pivotally supported around the center. In this example, the turning direction of the cutter spoke body 5A is only one direction, and the turning is performed by the hydraulic wrench 33 as shown in FIG. 3, but the operation lever 33A is disposed in the hollow shaft 16. A large number of support cylinders 5B are disposed laterally at intervals in the axial direction in the cutter spoke body 5A, and openings 5 are provided in the cutter spoke bodies 5A before and after these support cylinders 5B.
C · 5D is provided. A rod 34 as a cutter bit 9 attachment member is slidably fitted into each support cylinder 5B, and the cutter bit 9 is detachably attached to the tip of the rod 34. More specifically, a mounting portion 9A protrudes from the rear surface of the cutter bit 9 and is prevented from coming off by a pin (not shown) with the mounting portion 9A inserted into an insertion opening 34A formed in the front surface of the rod 34.

A screw hole 34B is formed on the base end side of the rod 34, and a base of a screw rod 35 screwed into the screw hole 34B is rotatably provided on a support plate (shaft support) 36. In other words, the shaft 37 is connected integrally with the screw rod 35, the shaft 37 penetrates the support plate 36 and is rotatably prevented by the washer 37B, and the base end of the shaft 37 is formed at the fitting portion 37A of the rotary tool. Have been. Further, a cover 3 is provided on the opening 5D of the cutter spoke body 5A.
By detaching the cover 38 and rotating the shaft 37 with a rotating tool (not shown), the cutter bit 9 is moved together with the rod 34 into the cutter spoke body 5A as shown in FIG. Retract to. In this state, the cover 38 is attached to the opening 5D, and FIG.
By rotating the cutter bit 9 by 180 ° using the hydraulic wrench 33 as shown in FIG.

Here, the worker M who has entered the work passage 15
(FIG. 3) checks the condition of the cutter bit 9, and if it is severely worn or damaged, the cutter bit 9 can be removed from the tip of the rod 34 and replaced with a new one as shown in FIG. 4 (d). In addition, cutter spoke 5
Must be performed in a state where all the cutter bits 9 on the cutter spokes 5 are drawn into the main body 5A. In this example, the screw hole 34B of the rod 34,
A screw rod 35 screwed into the screw hole 34B, a shaft 37 integrally connected to the screw rod 35, a rotating tool fitting portion 37A at the base end of the shaft 37, and a shaft support 36 through which the shaft 37 passes are formed by the cutter bit 9 The mechanism for moving the rod 34 in the front-rear direction, which is the mounting member of the above, is constituted.

As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the support cylinder 5B disposed along the axial direction of the cutter spoke body 5A has its tip directed outward as it approaches the peripheral edge. It is arranged to be inclined. This is for facilitating the cutter bit replacement work from the work passage 15 side.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the cutter bit changing device, in which the operation of retracting and projecting the cutter bit 9 into the cutter spoke body 5A can be performed by the hydraulic cylinder 40. . That is, the main body 40A of the hydraulic cylinder 40 is fixed to the base end side of the support cylinder 5B via the support member 41, and the distal end of the cylinder rod 40B is connected to the base end of the rod 34. Therefore, when the cutter bit 9 is replaced, unlike the first embodiment, the operator does not need to rotate the screw rod 35 with the rotary tool. The other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiment, and therefore, the common members are indicated by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description will be omitted.

According to the cutter bit changing apparatus according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment configured as described above, when inspecting and replacing the cutter bit 9, the worker M is inserted through the rear entrance 16 A of the hollow shaft 16. Enters the hollow shaft 16 and enters the working passage 15 through the communication port 16B.
Get in. Then, after all the cutter bits 9 on the cutter spokes 5 are retracted into the spoke main body 5A manually through the shaft 37 or by hydraulic pressure through the hydraulic cylinder 40, the cutter spoke main body 5A is moved through the hydraulic wrench 33. The cutter bit 9 is turned by 180 ° so that the cutter bit 9 is directed into the work passage 15. In this state, the worker M checks the wear state of each cutter bit 9, removes any cutter bits 9 that need to be replaced, and replaces them with new cutter bits 9. In particular, in the case of the replacement device of the second embodiment, in which the cutter bit 9 is moved in and out by the hydraulic cylinder 40, the cutter bit 9 can be protruded into the work passage 15 by the hydraulic cylinder 40 at the time of replacement. Becomes easier. After inspection and replacement, insert the cutter bit 9 into the cutter spoke 5
With it retracted inside, make a half turn again to return to the original state. Then, all the cutter bits 9 may be projected forward from the cutter spokes 5 manually or by the hydraulic cylinder 40. In this manner, the inspection and replacement of the cutter bits 9 on all the cutter spokes 5 are performed. Alternatively, the inspection may be performed with the cutter spokes 5 arranged vertically as shown in FIG.
, The work path 15 can be inclined horizontally or obliquely upward to perform the work.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, only the cutter bit 9 on the cutter spoke 5 is
5 can be used for inspection and replacement. That is, in this example, the cutter bits 10 on the auxiliary spokes 6 are arranged in a row at predetermined rotation angles as described in JP-A-7-224595 and JP-A-8-199980. The auxiliary spokes 6 are turned at a predetermined angle by another hydraulic wrench 44 for each predetermined excavation distance to be replaced. In addition, as for the auxiliary spoke 6 provided with the copy cutter 7, a large number of cutter bits 10 are protruded laterally on both sides of the non-rotating auxiliary spoke 6 as shown in FIG. I have.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show still another embodiment of the cutter bit changing device. FIG. 6 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view at the center, and FIG. 6 (b) is a sectional view of FIG. 6 (a). B part enlarged view, FIG.
FIG. 6C is a view taken along line CC of FIG. 6A, omitting a cutter bit on the front surface of the hollow shaft. FIG. 7A shows FIG.
7 (b) is an enlarged sectional view showing the state of inspection and replacement work of the cutter bit.

The main difference between the cutter bit changing device according to the present embodiment and the above-described embodiment is that the cutter spoke 5
Is formed integrally with the work passage 15 so that the cutter bit 9 can be removed together with the assembly such as the mounting member (rod) 34 in the work passage 15.
For this reason, a shutter 52 that can be opened and closed is provided at an opening 51 through which the cutter bit 9 appears and retracts. That is, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the working passage 15 is formed integrally with the cutter spoke 5 to form a rectangular frame in cross section, and a front and rear opening 51 of the cutter bit 9 is provided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction in front of the cutter spoke 5. And a cylindrical support cylinder 53 having front and rear sides opened from the peripheral edge of each opening 51.
It is formed integrally toward the inside. An entrance 53A of the shutter 52 is formed at the front of the support tube 53 so as to face each other, and a pair of rectangular shutters 52 are slidably and freely opened and closed at each entrance 53A. In this example, the square shutters 52 are configured to open and close left and right by rotating the screw rod 54.

The cutter bit 9 is removably attached to the distal end of a rod 34 which is slidably fitted into the support cylinder 53 as in the first embodiment. A screw rod 35 is rotatably mounted on the plate-shaped shaft support 55 via a small-diameter shaft 37, and the screw rod 35 is rotatably screwed into a screw hole 34B of the rod 34. However, the shaft support 55 is the support plate 36 of the first embodiment.
In other words, the cover 38 of the first embodiment is large.
It is almost the same size. In addition, shaft support 5
Reference numeral 5 also serves as a cover for the rear end opening 53A of the support cylinder 53, and is detachably attached to the opening 53A. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7B, the shutter 52 is closed with the cutter bit 9 retracted into the opening 51 from the state of FIG. 7A by rotating the shaft 37, and then the shaft support 55 is supported. By detaching the cutter bit 9 from the rear end opening 53A of the cylinder 53 and extracting the cutter bit 9 together with the rod 34 from the inside of the support cylinder 53. Therefore, the worker M can inspect each of the cutter bits 9 extracted together with the rod 34 and the like, and can replace them with new cutter bits 9 if necessary.

In the third embodiment, the cutter bit 9
The work of taking in and out the shutter 52 and the work of opening and closing the shutter 52 are performed manually by the operator.
The shutter 52.
Can also be opened and closed using a hydraulic cylinder. Also, in the switching device of the third embodiment, FIG.
As shown in (a) and (b), since the rod 34 of the cutter bit 9 provided near the outside of the cutter spoke 5 is disposed in the support cylinder 53 inclined slightly upward, Rod 34 to be inserted (assembly)
However, since the length and shape of the assembly such as the rod 34 inserted into the horizontal support cylinder 53 are the same, not only the cutter bit 9 but also the entire assembly can be replaced.

The embodiment in which the cutter bit changing device according to the present invention is applied to the shield machine 1 has been described above.
It goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to not only a shield machine but also a tunnel excavator for rock excavation, for example.

[0040]

As is apparent from the above description,
The cutter bit exchanging device in the shield machine according to the present invention has the following excellent effects.

(1) By turning the cutter spoke approximately 180 ° with the cutter bit of the cutter spoke retracted, an operator who has entered the work passage directly looks at the condition of the cutter bit and inspects it. Only the cutter bits that have become unusable due to damage or damage can be replaced, making inspection and replacement work easy and excellent in workability.

The shield excavator equipped with the exchanging device of the present invention has almost the same structure as that of the excavator excluding the cutter bit exchanging device, the cost is slightly increased, and the excavator equipped with the spherical support is provided. The production cost is much lower than the machine.

Furthermore, since the operator can enter and exit the working passage behind the cutter spoke from the inside of the excavator body through the hollow shaft, there is no need for any operation such as injection of a chemical solution and excavation of the shaft, so that it can be performed in a very short time. Inspection and replacement of the cutter bit can be completed.

(2) According to the second aspect of the present invention, the workability is slightly inferior to the first aspect of the invention, but the structure can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, not only the cutter bit but also its mounting member (assembly) can be exchanged, which is convenient.

(3) The third aspect of the present invention is a further embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in which the cutter bit is pulled into the cutter spoke body together with the mounting member by the moving mechanism, and is moved to the support frame of the cutter disk body. Inspection and replacement of the cutter bit can be easily performed by turning the cutter spoke halfway and pointing the cutter bit toward the work passage. Also, after the inspection and replacement work is completed, the excavation work can be started by turning the cutter spoke halfway and projecting the cutter bit forward of the cutter spoke body by the moving mechanism.

(4) The invention according to claim 4 is a more specific example of the invention according to claim 2, wherein the cutter bit is pulled in from the opening of the cutter spoke together with the mounting member by a moving mechanism, and the opposing shutters are closed and opened. , And the cutter bit is extracted together with the mounting member into the working passage, so that the operator can visually and reliably perform the inspection and replacement of the cutter bit.

(5) According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, it is easy to replace the cutter bit from the work passage side, and the operation of retracting or projecting the cutter bit into the cutter spoke body is automatically performed by a hydraulic cylinder. It is not necessary for the operator to rotate the screw rod with a rotary tool when replacing the cutter bit, and the cutter bit can be protruded into the working passage by the hydraulic cylinder at the time of replacement. Inspection and replacement are easier.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view showing an outline of a shield machine equipped with a cutter bit changing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a left half of the shield machine shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the cutter bit changing device according to the first embodiment, and FIG.
3 (b) is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. 3 (a), and FIG. 3 (c) is an enlarged view of FIG.
, The cutter bit on the front surface of the hollow shaft is omitted.

4 (a) is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 3 (a), and FIGS. 4 (b) to 4 (d) are enlarged cross-sectional views showing a procedure for checking and replacing a cutter bit. It is.

5 (a) and 5 (b) are cross-sectional views corresponding to FIGS. 4 (b) and 4 (c), showing another embodiment of the cutter bit changing device.

FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment of the cutter bit changing device according to the present invention, and FIG.
6B is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6C is a view of FIG.
, The cutter bit on the front surface of the hollow shaft is omitted.

7 (a) is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 6 (a), and FIG. 7 (b) is an enlarged sectional view showing a state of inspection and replacement work of the cutter bit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield excavator 2 Excavator main body 4 Cutter disk 4A Intermediate ring 4B face plate 5 Cutter spoke 5A Cutter spoke main body 5B / 53 Support cylinder 5C ・ 5D ・ 51 Opening 6 Auxiliary spoke 9 ・ 10 Cutter bit 12 Swivel bearing 15 Work passage 16 Hollow Shaft 16A Doorway (opening) 33 Hydraulic wrench 34 Rod (mounting member) 34B Screw hole 35 Screw rod 36 Support plate (shaft support) 37 Shaft 37A Rotating tool fitting 40 Hydraulic cylinder 52 Shutter 54 Screw rod

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yasunori Kondo 1-3-1 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Prefecture Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Susumu Uchiyama Higashi-Kawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 1-3-1 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Kageyuki Shigematsu 1-3-1 Higashi Kawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office F-term (reference) 2D054 AC02 AD02 BA07 BB05

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A shield machine comprising a cutter disk provided on a front surface of an excavator body, wherein a cutter spoke of the cutter disk is rotatably arranged around an axis extending radially from a central portion with respect to the cutter disk body. A work passage for replacing a cutter bit is provided on the rear side of the cutter spoke so as to be integrally rotatable with the cutter disk, and a cutter bit is provided on the cutter spoke so as to be able to protrude and retract and can be freely attached and detached. A hollow shaft is provided so as to be integrally rotatable at the center of the cutter disk, and an opening for an operator access is provided at the rear end of the hollow shaft so that the hollow shaft can communicate with a work passage on the cutter spoke side. A cutter bit exchanging device in a shield excavator, characterized in that: 2. A shield machine having a cutter disk on a front surface of an excavator body, wherein a rear side of a cutter spoke of the cutter disk is provided.
A work passage for replacing a cutter bit is provided so as to be able to rotate integrally with the cutter disk, a hollow shaft is provided so as to be able to rotate integrally with the center of the cutter disk, and an opening for worker access is provided at the rear end of the hollow shaft. To allow communication with the work passage on the cutter spoke side, and an opening for the cutter bit to protrude and retract is provided in the front surface of the cutter spoke at an axial interval, and a shutter for opening and closing the opening is mounted on the opening so as to be freely opened and closed. A cutter bit exchanging device in a shield excavator, wherein the cutter bit together with its mounting member can be taken out of the cutter spoke into the cutter bit exchanging work passage integrated therewith. 3. A cutter frame is supported by a support frame surrounding the periphery of each cutter spoke of the cutter disk body so as to be pivotable about its central axis, and a support cylinder is axially spaced in the cutter spoke body. The support cylinder is disposed laterally with a gap, and a mounting member of a cutter bit is slidably fitted into each support cylinder, and a cutter bit can be protruded and retracted from the cutter spoke body at a base end of the mounting member. 2. A cutter bit exchanging device in a shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising a moving mechanism for moving the mounting member back and forth along the axis. 4. The work passage is formed integrally with the cutter spoke in a rectangular frame shape in cross section, and openings for retracting cutter bits are provided at a predetermined interval in the axial direction on the front surface of the cutter spoke. A support cylinder having a front and rear opening from a peripheral portion is integrally formed toward the working passage, and shutter entrances and exits are formed at a front portion of the support cylinder so as to face each other, and a pair of shutters slide at each entrance and exit. A shaft support that is freely and freely openable and closable, and that detachably attaches the cutter bit to a distal end of a mounting member that is slidably inserted into the support cylinder, and that is detachably attached to a rear end opening of the support cylinder. 3. The cutter bit exchanging device in the shield machine according to claim 2, wherein a moving mechanism of the attaching member is connected to the cutter bit. 5. A support cylinder disposed along the axial direction of the cutter spoke body is disposed so as to be inclined so that a tip thereof is directed outward as approaching a peripheral portion, and the main body of a hydraulic cylinder is supported by the support cylinder. 5. The hydraulic cylinder rod according to claim 3, wherein the cutter bit is fixed to a base end of the cylinder via a support member, and the cutter bit is detachably attached to a tip end of the rod, and a base end of the rod is connected to a tip end of the hydraulic cylinder rod. Cutter bit changing device in shield machine.