JP5729646B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield machine used for excavating the ground.

  A shield machine is known as an apparatus used for excavating the ground and excavating tunnels and subways.

  In this shield machine, a cutter head is rotatably provided at the tip of the shield frame in the traveling direction, and a plurality of bits such as roller cutters are arranged circumferentially and radially on the cutter head. Then, the ground is excavated in a circular shape by moving the cutter head against the excavation surface while rotating.

  Since the bit wears as the ground is excavated, in order to maintain a desired excavation performance, it is necessary to replace the bit by an operator after excavating a predetermined distance. At that time, since the traveling direction side of the cutter head, that is, the front surface side is in contact with the ground, the operator must enter the inside of the shield machine and perform replacement work from the back side of the cutter head.

  Here, the structure of the conventional shield machine will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in the figure, in the conventional shield machine, a cutter head 53 provided at the front end of the shield frame 51 in the traveling direction is fixed to a rotary shaft 56 rotatably supported by a partition wall 52 via a rotary joint 57. . The earth and sand intake chamber 60 is formed by the space surrounded by the cutter head 53, the partition wall 52 and the shield frame 51, and the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 53 is taken into the earth and sand intake chamber 60. Yes.

  A plurality of first rods 55 extend rearward from the cutter head 53 to the partition wall 52. The first rod 55 is disposed inside the partition wall 52 and is fixed to a ring member 54 that is rotated by a motor. Accordingly, the cutter head 53 is rotated via the ring member 54 by the motor. Further, the first rod 55 attached to the cutter head 53 rotates (revolves) by the rotation of the cutter head 53.

  A second rod 59 protrudes from the partition wall 52 toward the earth and sand taking-in chamber 60. The second rod 59 is fixed to the partition wall 52, and by cooperating with the first rod 55 that revolves by the rotation of the cutter head 53, the earth and sand taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 60 can be sufficiently obtained. It is designed to be stirred.

  The additive material discharged from the cutter head 53 to the ground during excavation is supplied through an additive material pipe 61 extending from the additive material introduction hole 58 opened in the outer peripheral surface of the rotary joint 57 through the rotary shaft 56 to the cutter head 53. It has become so. Further, a hydraulic pipe (not shown) for controlling the protruding amount of the copy cutter for projecting the cutter head 53 in the radial direction and overcutting also passes through the rotary shaft 56 in the same manner. It has a route to reach. Therefore, a hydraulic piping and additive material branching block 62 (hereinafter simply referred to as “block”) is provided at the rotation center of the cutter head 53.

  As for the shield machine, for example, JP-A-62-206194, JP-A-2008-184774, JP-A-2010-77715, JP-A-2011-32819, JP-B-3-45196, There exist some which were described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2007-303064, patent 4495114 specification.

JP-A-62-206194 JP 2008-184664 A JP 2010-77715 A JP 2011-32819 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-45196 JP 2007-303064 A Patent No. 4495114 Specification

  In the above-described conventional shield machine, the bit 53a (generally a roller cutter) disposed near the center of rotation of the cutter head 53 is replaced in the operation of replacing the bit 53a from the earth taking-in chamber 60 on the back side of the cutter head 53. In this case, since the block 62 is provided at the rotation center of the cutter head 53, it is necessary to dismantle the block 62.

  Therefore, the replacement work of the bit 53a is complicated and takes time, and the workability is extremely poor.

  Here, as a structure of the shield machine for avoiding the block dismantling, it is considered that the hydraulic pipe and the additive pipe 61 are laid out using the first rod 55 provided on the cutter head 53 and extending rearward. It is done.

  However, in such a structure, the second rod 59 from the partition wall 52 cannot be disposed in the vicinity of the rotation center of the cutter head 53. Therefore, the earth and sand taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 60 become poorly stirred, and the earth and sand removal There is a possibility of causing clogging in the sediment transport pipe for discharging the sediment in the enclosing chamber 60 to the outside of the machine.

  The present invention has been made from the technical background described above, and can easily replace the bit arranged at the rotation center of the cutter head without causing poor stirring of the earth and sand taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber. It aims at providing the shield machine which can be performed.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the shield machine according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a partition fixed to an inner peripheral surface of a hollow cylindrical shield frame, and is rotatably supported by the partition via a rotary joint. The rotating shaft is connected to the rotating shaft via a plurality of first rods arranged at the front end in the traveling direction of the shield frame and attached rearward from a position different from the rotation center, A cutter head provided with a plurality of bits for excavating the earth, and a sand taking-in chamber formed by a space surrounded by the cutter head, the partition wall, and the shield frame, in which the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head are taken, It is disposed inside the rotating shaft so as not to rotate and is moved in the axial direction of the rotating shaft so as to be movable forward and backward with respect to the earth and sand taking-in chamber. A shaft having a second rod extending in a radial direction of the shield frame inner, characterized in that it has a.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the rotary joint is divided into a plurality of parts arranged in the axial direction.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a fluid introduction hole that is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the rotary joint and that is introduced into the fluid, and communicates with the fluid introduction hole. And a fluid pipe extending from the inside of the rotating shaft through the first rod to the cutter head.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, during excavation, the shaft is advanced and protruded into the earth taking-in chamber, so that the first rod provided on the cutter head and revolved and the non-rotatable shaft are provided. The two rods work together to be taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber and the earth and sand are sufficiently stirred. On the other hand, at the time of bit replacement, it is possible to easily replace the bit arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head by retracting the shaft to leave a space between the shaft and the cutter head.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the maintenance work can be facilitated because the parts constituting the rotary joint can be individually removed for maintenance.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, a fluid flow path from the rotary joint to the cutter head through the rotary shaft and the first rod prevents the earth and sand from being poorly mixed, and the cutter head rotates. It is possible to secure a path for the fluid sent to the cutter head while simplifying the exchanging operation of the bit arranged at the center. Further, if the rotary joint is divided into a plurality of parts arranged in the axial direction, the fluid introduction hole can be easily added by adding the part in which the fluid introduction hole is formed.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the shield machine based on one embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the cutter head of the shield machine of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the principal part of the shield machine of FIG. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the aspect at the time of excavation in the shield machine of FIG. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the aspect at the time of the bit exchange in the shield machine of FIG. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the conventional shield machine.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment as an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

  In FIG. 1, a partition wall 12 having an outer peripheral end face fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the shield frame 11 is provided in the forward direction of the hollow cylindrical shield frame 11 of the shield machine M. A rotary joint 7 is attached to the partition wall 12, and a rotary shaft 16 is rotatably supported by the partition wall 12 via the rotary joint 7. A cutter head 13 having a shape substantially the same as the outer diameter of the shield frame 11 is connected to the rotary shaft 16 via a first rod 5 and a ring member 6 which will be described later. Therefore, as shown in the drawing, the cutter head 13 disposed at the front end in the traveling direction of the shield frame 11 rotates around the rotating shaft 16 rotatably supported by the rotary joint 7.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cutter head 13 has spokes 13b (4 in this embodiment) that extend radially from the center plate 13a located at the rotation center at the same rotation angle in the radial direction of the shield frame 11. A spoke 13b) and an annular ring 13c fixed to the tip of the spoke 13b. The center plate 13a, the spoke 13b and the ring 13c are provided with a tough material for excavating the ground (for example, carbide) A plurality of bits 14 made of an alloy, sintered tungsten carbide, or the like are attached.

  Further, the center plate 13a is provided with an additive inlet 15 for injecting an additive (fluid) for increasing the plastic fluidity of the excavated earth and agitating and kneading with the excavated earth to increase water stoppage into the earth and sand. An opening is formed. In addition, although the additive material inlet is formed also in the spoke 13b, illustration is abbreviate | omitted here.

  The bit 14 includes a roller cutter 14a for excavating a gravel layer and a scraper tooth 14b for excavating a clay layer, and these are arranged circumferentially and radially along the spoke 13b and the ring 13c. A roller cutter 14a is disposed on the center plate 13a provided with the additive inlet 15.

  Then, the ground is excavated in a circular shape by advancing while rotating the cutter head 13 to which the bit 14 is attached against the excavation surface.

  In addition, behind the cutter head 13, an earth and sand taking-in chamber 30 that is a space surrounded by the cutter head 13, the partition wall 12, and the shield frame 11 is formed, and the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 13 is taken in. It is supposed to be.

  In one spoke 13 b constituting the cutter head 13, a copy cutter 17 for excavating the ground in the radial direction to change the traveling direction of the shield machine M is provided radially outward of the cutter head 13. It is provided so that it can appear and disappear.

  At the rear end of the copy cutter 17, a rod 18 that passes through the hydraulic cylinder 19 and extends toward the rotation center of the cutter head 13 is attached. The hydraulic cylinder 19 is a two-port type, and by controlling the amount of oil supplied to each port, a piston (not shown) in a cylinder chamber (not shown) linearly reciprocates. The copy cutter 17 protrudes from the cutter head 13 via the attached rod 18, or is immersed in the cutter head 13.

  The aforementioned rotary shaft 16 is formed with a through hole 16 a in the axial direction. The through hole 16 a, that is, the inner side of the rotary shaft 16, moves along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 16 and enters the earth taking-in chamber 30. On the other hand, a shaft 8 that can be advanced and retracted is arranged. The shaft 8 is non-rotatable while the rotary shaft 16 is rotatable, and the shaft 8 has a second extending in the radial direction of the shield frame 11 in the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30. A rod 9 is provided. The second rod 9 is attached to the tip of the shaft 8, and four rod-shaped bodies (that is, viewed from the axial direction of the rotating shaft 16) extending from the shaft 8 in the radial direction of the shield frame 11 at an equal angle to each other. 4 rod-shaped bodies forming a letter shape). However, at least one second rod 9 is sufficient, and the mounting position may not be the tip of the shaft 8.

  Details of the rotary joint 7, the rotating shaft 16, and the shaft 8 will be described later.

  The plurality of (for example, six) first rods 5 are attached from the position different from the rotation center of the cutter head 13 (that is, radially outward from the rotation center of the cutter head 13) toward the rear. Yes. The first rod 5 is fixed to a ring member 6 rotatably attached to the partition wall 12, and the ring member 6 is fixed to a plurality of (for example, six) connecting members 10. The connecting member 10 is fixed to the rotating shaft 16. Therefore, the cutter head 13 is connected to the rotary shaft 16 via the first rod 5.

  An internal gear 4 is attached to the back surface of the ring member 6, and the internal gear 4 is gear-coupled to a gear 3 a that is attached to the rotating shaft of the drive motor 3 that is mounted behind the partition wall 12. Therefore, when the drive motor 3 rotates, the rotational force is transmitted to the internal gear 4 via the gear 3a. Then, the cutter head 13 rotates about the rotation shaft 16 through the ring member 6 to which the internal gear 4 is attached.

  Further, the rotation of the cutter head 13 causes the first rod 5 attached to the cutter head 13 to rotate (revolve). And the 1st rod 5 which revolves cooperates with the 2nd rod 9 with which the shaft 8 which cannot be rotated cooperates, and the earth and sand taken in into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30 will fully be stirred. .

  A screw conveyor 29 for collecting the excavated earth and sand is provided in the machine of the shield machine M, and the front end opening 29a passes through the lower end of the partition wall 12 and opens into the earth and sand intake chamber 30. ing.

  The shield frame 11 of the shield machine M includes a front barrel portion 11a and a rear barrel portion 11b connected to each other via a bent jack 33, and a peripheral frame 34 attached to the inner peripheral surface of the front end portion of the rear barrel portion 11b. Is provided with an assembly erector device 35 for the segment S, and a plurality of propulsion jacks 36 are inserted through the peripheral frame 34.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 3, a drive rod 20 for moving the shaft 8 in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 16 is attached to the rear end of the shaft 8. Then, when the shaft 8 is moved in the axial direction by the drive rod 20 driven by a motor (not shown), the shaft 8 protrudes into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30 at the advanced position and retreats from the earth and sand taking-in room 30 at the retracted position.

  The rotary joint 7 is divided into a plurality of parts arranged in the axial direction, and four oil introduction holes into which oil (fluid) supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 19 is introduced as viewed from the cutter head 13 side. 21 (fluid introduction hole) and a first part in which one additive introduction hole 22 (fluid introduction hole) into which additive (fluid) injected into the earth and sand from the additive introduction port 15 is introduced is formed on the outer peripheral surface. 7-1, second to sixth parts 7-2 to 7-6 each having one additive introduction hole 22 (fluid introduction hole) formed on the outer peripheral surface, and end part 7 located at the rear end -7. In addition, the four oil introduction holes 21 of the first part 7-1 are a set of two at positions opposite to each other in the radial direction, and the first to sixth parts 7-1 to 7-1. A total of six additive introduction holes 22 of −6 are formed at positions opposite to each other in the radial direction.

  An oil introduction hole 21 and an additive material introduction hole 22 formed in the rotary joint 7 communicate with an oil passage 25 and an additive material passage 24 that are formed in the rotary shaft 16 and extend in the axial direction. The oil passage 25 and the additive material passage 24 communicate with the pipe 23 (fluid pipe) from the connecting member 10 to the cutter head 13 through the first rod 5.

  An annular sealing material 26 is fitted between the rotary joint 7 and the rotating shaft 16 to prevent leakage of oil and additives. Further, the rotary joint 7 and the shaft 8 have their rear ends fixed to each other by a rotation stopper 27, and the rotation of the rotating shaft 16 prevents the shaft 8 from being rotated.

  Next, the operation in the shield machine M having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

  When excavating the ground, as shown in FIG. 4, the shaft 8 is advanced and protruded into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30. As a result, the second rod 9 provided on the shaft 8 is in a state extending in the radial direction of the shield frame 11 in the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30. By rotating the cutter head 13 while moving the shaft 8 forward in this manner, the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 13 and taken into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30 is the first rod attached to the cutter head 13. 5 rotates (revolves). And the 1st rod 5 which revolves cooperates with the 2nd rod 9 with which the shaft 8 which cannot be rotated cooperates, and the earth and sand taken in into the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30 will fully be stirred. . The agitated earth and sand are taken into the screw conveyor 29 and collected outside the machine.

  When the bit 14 is replaced, as shown in FIG. 5, the shaft 8 is moved backward to leave a space between the shaft 8 and the cutter head 13. Thereby, when an operator accesses the rotation center of the cutter head 13 from the earth and sand taking-in chamber 30 for bit replacement, there is no member that obstructs the work. Accordingly, it is possible to easily replace the bit 14 such as the roller cutter 14a disposed at the rotation center of the cutter head 13.

  In the shield machine M of the present embodiment, the rotary joint 7 is divided into a plurality of parts 7-1 to 7-7 arranged in the axial direction. Therefore, since these parts 7-1 to 7-7 can be individually removed and maintenance can be performed, the maintenance work can be easily performed. However, the rotary joint 7 does not have to be divided into a plurality of parts 7-1 to 7-7 in this way.

  Furthermore, in the shield machine M of the present embodiment, the oil introduction hole 21 and the additive introduction hole 22 into which the additive and the oil are introduced are formed in the outer peripheral surface of the rotary joint 7, A pipe 23 is provided in communication with the oil introduction hole 21 and the additive introduction hole 22 and extends from the rotary shaft 16 through the first rod 5 to the cutter head 13.

  In this way, the flow path from the rotary joint 7 to the cutter head 13 through the rotary shaft 16 and the first rod 5 prevents the earth and sand from being agitated and is arranged at the center of rotation of the cutter head 13. It is possible to secure a route for the additive and oil sent to the cutter head 13 while simplifying the replacement work of the bit 14 that has been performed.

  At this time, if the rotary joint 7 is divided into a plurality of parts arranged in the axial direction, the oil introduction hole 21 and the additive introduction hole 22 can be easily added by adding the parts. .

  Although the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment, the embodiment disclosed in this specification is an example in all respects and is limited to the disclosed technology. Should not be considered. That is, the technical scope of the present invention should not be construed restrictively based on the description in the above-described embodiment, but should be construed according to the description of the scope of claims. All modifications are included without departing from the technical scope equivalent to the described technique and the gist of the claims.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the cutter head 13 is connected to the rotating shaft 16 via the first rod 5 and the connecting member 10, but the first rod 5 is directly connected to the rotating shaft 16. Thus, the connecting material 10 can be omitted. That is, as long as the cutter head 13 is connected to the rotary shaft 16 via the first rod 5, there is no member such as the connecting member 10 between the first rod 5 and the rotary shaft 16. May be.

  In the above description, the shield machine of the present invention can be used for excavation of various grounds such as subways, sewers, and tunnels.

5 First rod 6 Ring member 7 Rotary joints 7-1 to 7-7 Parts 8 Shaft 9 Second rod 10 Connecting material 11 Shield frame 12 Bulkhead 13 Cutter head 13a Center plate 13b Spoke 13c Ring 14 Bit 14a Roller cutter 14b Scraper tooth 15 Additive inlet 16 Rotating shaft 16a Through hole 17 Copy cutter 18 Rod 19 Hydraulic cylinder 20 Drive rod 21 Oil introduction hole 22 Additive introduction hole 23 Pipe 24 Additive flow path 25 Oil flow path 26 Sealing material 30 Sediment removal Inclusion room M shield machine

Claims (3)

A partition fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the hollow cylindrical shield frame;
A rotating shaft rotatably supported by the partition wall via a rotary joint;
A plurality of bits for excavating the ground, which are connected to the rotation shaft via a plurality of first rods arranged rearward from a position different from the rotation center and disposed at the front end of the shield frame in the traveling direction A cutter head provided with
An earth-and-sand taking-in chamber that is formed in a space surrounded by the cutter head, the partition wall, and the shield frame, and into which earth and sand excavated by the cutter head is taken; and
It is arranged inside the rotating shaft so as not to rotate and is moved in the axial direction of the rotating shaft so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the earth and sand taking-in chamber, and in the radial direction of the shield frame in the earth and sand taking-in chamber. A shaft with a second rod extending;
The shield machine characterized by having. The rotary joint is divided into a plurality of parts arranged in the axial direction.
The shield machine according to claim 1. A fluid introduction hole that is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the rotary joint and into which a fluid is introduced;
A fluid pipe provided in communication with the fluid introduction hole and extending from the rotation shaft to the cutter head through the first rod;
The shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising:

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