JP2008063801A - Excavating bit replacing device for shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate bit replacing work with high workability and to arrange replacing bits close. <P>SOLUTION: Two openings 36 are formed in a front plate 32 of a cutter head, and a cylindrical turning support body 41 turnable around a turning axis O1 perpendicular to the front plate 32 is arranged on the back face side of the front plate 32. The turning support body 41 is formed with two bit storage holes 42 penetrating from the front face to the back face to hold the replacing bits 31 projected forward from the openings 36, respectively in a projecting/receding and fixable manner. The front face of the turning support body 41 is provided with a closing face part for closing an opening 27 when the turning support body 41 is turned around the turning axis O1 into a replacing attitude. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine for exchanging a worn bit with a new bit during excavation.

  A conventional cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a spherical unit rotatably supported around a support shaft perpendicular to a propulsion direction in a storage portion of a cutter pork. A screw shaft in which a bit-provided rod with a bit projecting is accommodated in a bottomed concave portion formed on the front surface of the ball unit, and the bit-attached rod can be operated from the back to the bottom of the concave portion of the spherical unit. A bit reversing mechanism of the type is provided, and a unit reversing mechanism for reversing the spherical unit around the support shaft is provided.

In the above configuration, when the bit is worn, the bit with the rod is retracted by the bit advance / retreat mechanism and is accommodated in the recess, and then the spherical unit is inverted by 180 ° by the unit reversal mechanism, so that the opening surface of the recess is exposed in the cutter pork. In addition, the storage part is sealed by the back of the spherical unit to prevent the infiltration of muddy water from the face side. Then, the rod with a bit is pulled out from the recess, and a new rod with a bit is inserted into the recess. Further, the spherical unit is inverted 180 ° by the unit reversing mechanism to expose the concave portion to the face side, and then the bit with the rod is projected by the bit advance / retreat mechanism.
Utility Model Registration No. 2550406

However, Patent Document 1
1) The sphere unit needs to accommodate the entire bit-attached rod in the recess, and considering the length of the bit-attached rod and the depth of the recess, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient outer diameter for the sphere unit. In this case, since the arrangement interval of the rods with bits cannot be reduced, there is a problem that the distance for arranging the bits is limited.

  2) Since the bottomed concave part is formed on the front of the spherical unit and the bit advance / retreat mechanism is operated from the back on the bottom of the concave part, the bit advance / retreat mechanism is on the face side in the 180 ° inverted position. Can not do it. If this screw type bit advance / retreat mechanism has a screw shaft at the bottom axial center of the recess, remove the rod detent member and rotate the heavy rod with bit around the shaft Therefore, the work for attaching and detaching the bit becomes heavy labor and requires a long time.

  3) One spherical unit has only one concave portion, and only one rod with a bit can be provided. Therefore, it is necessary to perform bit replacement work one by one, and further, it is necessary to rotate the spherical unit by 180 ° × 2 for each replacement work, resulting in poor workability. In addition, the rod with the bit once retracted to the back side of the recess during the replacement work is pulled out again, and it is necessary to carry out the withdrawal operation repeatedly for each detachment and mounting work, so that workability is poor. There was a problem.

  The present invention solves the above-described problems, and provides a bit exchanging device for excavation of a shield machine capable of easily exchanging and improving workability and arranging adjacent bits close to each other. Objective.

  The excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 1 is an excavation bit exchanging device for a shield excavator comprising a cutter head rotatably supported around a shield axis at a front portion of a shield body. In addition to forming a plurality of openings in the front plate of the cutter head, a cylindrical rotating support whose front surface is in sliding contact with the back side of the front plate is rotatable about a rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the front plate. A plurality of bit-receiving holes are formed in the rotation support body so as to correspond to the respective openings so that the replacement bits can be withdrawn / removed from the front side to the rear side. When the support is rotated from the use posture corresponding to the opening of the bit storage hole to the rotation center and changed to the replacement posture, a closing surface portion that can close each opening is provided on the front surface of the rotation support. It is provided.

  The excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 2 is the configuration according to claim 1, wherein the front plate of the cutter head is formed on the cutter front plate provided on the cutter head side, and the cutter front plate. The unit front plate is detachably attached to the mounting hole and is formed with an opening, and the unit front plate and the rotating support constitute a bit exchange unit that can be exchanged integrally.

  The excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 3 is the configuration according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gap between the back surface of the front plate and the front surface of the rotating support is sealed and muddy water enters from the opening. A front seal member for preventing the rotation and an inner surface seal member for sealing a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the replacement bit and the inner peripheral surface of the bit storage hole to prevent the intrusion of muddy water from the bit storage hole. A posture having a passive gear for rotation provided at the portion and a drive pinion meshing with the passive gear for rotation, and rotating the rotation support body between the use posture and the exchange posture by driving the drive pinion to rotate A change device is provided.

  The excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 4 is the construction according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an operator can enter the exchanging work on the back side of the front plate of the cutter head. A space is formed.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, after the replacement bit is retracted from the excavation position to the intermediate position in the bit accommodation hole via the opening, the rotation support body is moved from the use posture to the periphery of the rotation axis. By rotating the predetermined angle to the exchange posture, the opening portion of the front plate can be closed by the closing surface portion of the rotation support. Then, after removing the worn replacement bit in the bit storage hole and inserting a new replacement bit, the rotation support body is rotated again by a predetermined angle from the replacement posture to the use posture, and the replacement bit is further inserted into the bit storage hole. The replacement work can be completed by projecting forward through the opening to the excavation position. Therefore, the replacement bit can be removed and pushed along the bit storage hole formed in the axial direction of the rotation support body, and can be replaced simply by rotating the rotation support body. The bit can be attached and detached easily and quickly. In addition, since a plurality of bit storage holes are formed in the rotating support to hold a plurality of replacement bits, a plurality of replacement bits can be arranged close to each other, and a plurality of replacement bits can be replaced. It can be performed at once, and the workability of replacement work is good.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the bit exchange unit can be easily attached to the cutter head or exchanged.
According to the invention described in claim 3, even if the replacement bit is withdrawn and retracted between the excavation position and the intermediate position, the sealing performance of the gap between the replacement bit and the bit storage hole is ensured by the inner surface sealing member. Even when the rotating support is rotated between the use posture and the replacement posture, the front seal member can ensure the sealing performance of the gap between the front plate and the rotating support. Sufficient sealing performance can be secured and high-pressure muddy water from the face side can be effectively prevented from entering. Further, the posture changing device can easily turn the rotation support body between the use posture and the exchange posture.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the replacement cutter bit can be easily exchanged from the work space provided in the cutter head while the earth pressure and muddy water pressure on the face side are held by the cutter head.

Embodiments of a excavating bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
As shown in FIG. 7, a pressure partition wall 12 that holds the face collapse earth pressure is provided at the front portion of the cylindrical shield body 11, and the swivel ring body 14 is shielded by a pressure bearing 12 via a swivel bearing 13. It is rotatably supported around the axis O. A plurality of support legs 15 protrude forward from the swivel ring body 14, and a circular cutter head 16 is supported at the front end of the support legs 15. A cutter driving device 17 that rotationally drives the cutter head 16 is provided at the rear portion of the pressure bulkhead 12, and this cutter driving device 17 is provided with a ring gear 17a provided on the back surface of the swiveling ring body 14, and the ring gear 17a. A plurality of drive pinions 17b that mesh with each other, and a plurality of rotation drive devices (hydraulic or electric motors) 17c that rotate and drive the drive pinions 17b, respectively. Further, the pressure bulkhead 12 is provided with a soil discharging screw conveyor device 18 that discharges the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 16 to the rear atmospheric pressure side while maintaining the face collapse earth pressure.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the cutter head 16 includes a plurality of main spoke members 21 extending in the radial direction from the center member 20 disposed at the position of the shield axis O, and a plurality of radially extending portions between the main spoke members 21. The auxiliary spoke member 22 includes an intermediate ring member 23 and an outer peripheral ring member 24 which are disposed in an arc direction around the shield axis O and connect the main spoke member 21 and the auxiliary spoke member 22. An earth and sand intake 25 is formed between ˜24.

  A plurality of so-called revolver-type bit exchange units 30 according to the present invention are arranged in front of the main spoke member 21, and each bit exchange unit 30 is provided with two exchange bits (bits) 31. . In addition, outer peripheral bit exchange units 50 are provided on both sides in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral end of the main spoke member 21. Further, a plurality of fixed bits 26 are provided on the front and side surfaces of the central member 20 and the sub-spoke member 22 and on the side surfaces of the main spoke member 21, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a manhole 27 through which a worker can enter and exit is provided on the back side of the central member 20, and the manhole 27 passes through the pressure partition 12 and is opened so that it can enter and exit from the atmospheric pressure side. ing. Also, on the back side of each main spoke member 21, a back plate that connects the left and right side plates 33a suspended from the left and right side edges of the spoke front plate (cutter front plate) 21a and the rear edge of the left and right side plates 33a. The rear enclosure wall 33 made of 33b forms a work space 35 in which a worker can enter and exchange bits, and communicates with the work space 35 from the manhole 27.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the bit exchange unit 30 disposed at a predetermined pitch along the radial direction on the main spoke member 21 includes two exchange bits for each bit exchange unit 30. 31 are arranged in the radial direction (the length direction of the main spoke member 21).

  The replacement bit 31 has a cylindrical base shaft portion 31b, a drilling blade portion 31a protruding from the front surface of the base shaft portion 31b, and a rear end portion of the base shaft portion 31b. The digging blade portion 31a is formed of a flange portion 31c to be regulated, and has an outer shape smaller than that of the base shaft portion 31b. Further, on the back surface of the base shaft portion 31b, an engagement hole 31d is formed in which a drawer / push-in tool can be engaged.

  In the bit exchange unit 30, unit front plates 32 are detachably fitted and mounted in mounting hole portions 21 b formed in a substantially circular continuous shape in the spoke front plate 21 a of the main spoke member 21. Two openings 36 are formed at predetermined intervals in the radial direction, and one holding cylinder surrounds the two openings 36 in the work space 35 on the back side of the unit front plate 32. 37 is protrudingly provided. In this holding cylinder 37, a rotation support body 41 that is also a closing member and corresponds to a rotary revolver is rotatably held around a rotation axis O 1 parallel to the shield axis O. It is prevented from coming off by a flange 37a on the back surface.

  The rotation support body 41 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the front surface thereof is in sliding contact with the back surface of the unit front plate 32. The rotation support body 41 is in a symmetrical position around the rotation axis O1 corresponding to each of the two openings 36. Two bit accommodation holes 42 are formed penetrating from the front surface to the rear surface in parallel with the rotational axis O1. These bit accommodation holes 42 accommodate and hold the replacement bit 31 via the base shaft portion 31b so as to be retractable and fixed, and are formed to have the same inner diameter as the opening 36. At the use position, the base shaft portion 31b of the replacement bit 31 is fitted into the bit storage hole 42 and the opening portion 36 to prevent the rotation support body 41 from rotating, and the excavation blade portion 31a is mainly disposed from the front surface of the base shaft portion 31b. It protrudes from the spoke member 21 to the front surface. A plurality of bit fixing bolts 43 are attached and fixed to the bolt holes of the rotation support body 41 from the fixing holes formed in the flange portion 31 c of the replacement bit 31. The flange portion 37 a of the holding cylinder 37 is formed with a concave portion 37 b into which a part of the flange portion 31 c is fitted, and contributes to the rotation prevention of the rotation support body 41.

  In this bit exchange unit 30, the rotation support body 41 is rotated 90 ° around the rotation axis O <b> 1 with the bit storage hole 42 aligned in the radial direction and aligned with the opening 36, and the bit storage hole 42. A posture changing device 45 is provided that pivots between the exchange postures arranged in the circumferential direction. This posture changing device 45 includes a rotating passive gear (ring gear or arcuate gear) 45 a provided near the back surface on the outer periphery of the rotating support 41 and a rotating passive gear within a gear box provided on the holding cylinder 37. The drive pinion 45b meshes with the gear 45a. The drive shaft 45c of the drive pinion 45b is driven by mounting a rotary tool such as a manual ratchet wrench or a hydraulic torque wrench (not shown).

  Further, on the front surface of the rotation support body 41 that is in sliding contact with the unit front plate 32, a closed surface portion that is 90 ° apart from the bit storage hole 42 about the rotation axis O1 and can close the entire opening 36 in an exchange position. 48 is provided to prevent the inflow of earth and sand and to support the face collapse earth pressure.

  In order to prevent infiltration of high-pressure muddy water on the face side, a ring seal (inner surface seal member) 46 is provided on the outer peripheral portion near the front surface of the base shaft portion 31b of the replacement bit 31, and the ring seal 46 is provided at the excavation position. Is located in the opening 36, and the ring seal 46 is located in the bit receiving hole 42 at an intermediate position where the replacement bit 31 is pulled out rearward, so that muddy water enters the working space 35 from the opening 36. Each of them is prevented. A first front seal member (front seal member) 47A is disposed along the periphery of the opening 36 on the back surface of the unit front plate 32, and the unit front plate 32 and the rotation support body 41 around the opening 36 are arranged. A second front seal member (front seal member) 47B is provided on the outer peripheral portion on the back side of the unit front plate 32 so as to slidably contact the front outer peripheral portion of the rotating support 41, and the muddy water is opened. Intrusion into the work space 35 from the portion 36 through the sliding contact gap is prevented. The second front seal material 47B can also be provided on the outer peripheral portion of the front surface of the rotation support body 41.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the outer peripheral bit exchange unit 50 has almost the same configuration as that of the bit exchange unit 30, but has only one replacement outer peripheral bit 51, and a circuit that holds the outer peripheral bit 51 for replacement. The bit receiving hole 53 of the moving support body 52 is different in that it is inclined by θ °, for example, 45 ° with respect to the rotation axis O1, and the same members as those of the bit exchange unit 30 are denoted by the same reference numerals. Description is omitted.

  That is, a bit accommodation hole 53 is formed at an angle of θ °, for example, 45 ° with respect to the rotation axis O 1 from the front outer periphery side to the rear inner periphery side of the rotation support 52, and is fixed in the bit reception hole 53. The tip end portion of the excavation blade portion 31 a of the replacement outer peripheral bit 51 is configured to reach the outer periphery of the shield body 11. Further, the closing surface portion 48 provided on the front surface of the rotation support body 52 is provided at a position 90 ° away from the bit accommodation hole 53 around the rotation axis O1.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, the bit accommodation holes 53 can also be formed in the bit exchange unit 30 with an inclination of θ ° with respect to the rotation axis O1, and the replacement bit 31 can be attached with an inclination. .

Next, the exchange operation of the bit exchange unit 30 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the replacement bit 31 is fixed at the excavation position (use posture) in the excavation state of the tunnel. When excavation progresses and the replacement bit 31 is worn, the cutter driving device 17 is stopped and the cutter head 16 is stopped. Then, the worker enters the work space 35 in the back wall 33 of the main spoke member 21 from the manhole 27 and performs an exchange operation.

  1) Of the plurality of bit fixing bolts 43 in which the two replacement bits 31 are fixed to the rotation support body 41 in the target bit exchange unit 30, any position other than the inside of the concave portion 37b of the flange portion 37a, for example, the circumference Remove the two symmetrical positions and replace the bit fixing bolt 43 with a replacement bit 31 through a fixing hole and attach a long stud bolt (guide member) 49 to the bolt hole. The drawer of the bit 31 is guided. Next, after removing the remaining bit fixing bolts 43, as shown in phantom lines in FIGS. 1 and 2, a tool for pulling out and pushing in a jack or the like is attached to the engagement hole 31d, and the excavation position replacement bit is obtained. 31 is pulled out to the middle position along the stud bolt 49, and the front end portion of the excavating blade portion 31a is accommodated in the bit accommodation hole. At this time, it is sealed by the seal shilling 46, and the muddy water on the face side does not leak into the work space 35 from the opening 36 through the bit accommodation hole 42.

  2) The posture changing device 45 is driven using a rotating tool such as a ratchet wrench, and the rotation support 41 is rotated around the rotation axis O1 from the use posture shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to FIGS. The opening 36 is closed by the closing surface 48 by rotating 90 ° to the replacement posture. The closed surface portion 48 prevents infiltration of earth and sand from the opening 36 and supports the face collapse earth pressure. Further, the sliding contact gap between the unit front plate 32 and the rotation support 41 is sealed by the first and second front seal members 47A and 47B, and muddy water is prevented from leaking into the work space 35 from the opening 36.

  3) The stud bolt 49 is removed, and the worn replacement bit 31 is taken out from the intermediate position into the work space 35, as indicated by the phantom lines in FIGS. Then, a new replacement bit 31 is fitted into the bit accommodation hole 42, and a stud bolt 49 that guides the pushing in at an intermediate position is attached again.

  4) The posture changing device 45 is driven by a ratchet wrench or the like to rotate the rotation support body 41 by 90 ° in the opposite direction from the exchange posture to the use posture, and the bit accommodation holes 42 are respectively matched with the openings 36.

  5) The new replacement bit 31 is pushed out from the intermediate position to the excavation position, the front end portion of the base shaft portion 31 b is fitted into the opening 36 from the bit accommodation hole 42, and the excavation blade portion 31 a is projected to the front surface of the main spoke member 21. Then, the new replacement bits 31 are respectively fixed to the rotation support body 41 by the bit fixing bolts 43.

The outer peripheral bit replacement unit 50 can be replaced in the same manner as described above.
According to the above-described embodiment, the replacement bit 31 is pulled from the excavation position to the intermediate position, the excavation blade portion 31a is pulled into the bit accommodation hole 42, and the rotation support body 41 is rotated around the rotation axis O1 from the use posture. By rotating 90 ° to the replacement posture, the openings 36 are respectively closed by the closing surface portion 48 of the rotation support body 41 to support the face collapsing earth pressure and to prevent intrusion of earth and sand. it can. Further, the replacement bit 31 at the intermediate position can be extracted from the bit storage hole 42 and easily replaced with a new replacement bit 31. As described above, the replacement bit 31 can be simply replaced by simply inserting and removing the replacement bit 31 along the bit storage hole 42 formed in the axial direction of the rotation support body 41. Can be performed efficiently and workability is good.

  In addition, two bit receiving holes 42 can be formed in the rotation support body 41 to hold the replacement bits 31 respectively, and a plurality of replacement bits 31 can be arranged sufficiently close to each other, Two exchange bits 31 can be exchanged at the same time by a single exchange operation in which the rotation support body 41 is reciprocally rotated by 90 °, the exchange work can be performed in a short time, and workability is good.

  Further, even when the replacement bit 31 is moved in and out and the rotation support body 41 is rotated, the sealing performance is sufficiently secured by the ring seal 46 and the first and second front seal members 47A and 47B. It is possible to effectively prevent the high-pressure muddy water on the face side from leaking into the work space 35 through the opening 36 and the bit storage hole 42.

Furthermore, the posture changing device 45 allows the rotation support 41 to be easily rotated between the excavation posture and the replacement posture, and the rotation is only 90 °, so that workability is good.
Furthermore, an operator enters the work space 35 from the manhole 27 while holding the earth pressure and muddy water pressure on the face side with the cutter head 16 without removing the earth and sand taken in from the earth and sand intake 25 of the cutter head 16. The replacement cutter bit 31 can be replaced, and the replacement operation can be performed easily and in a short time.

  In addition, since the bit exchange unit 30 is configured to be detachable from the spoke front plate 21a of the main spoke member 21, the cutter head 16 can be easily assembled and the bit exchange unit 30 that has been damaged or worn can be replaced. Can be easily performed.

  In the first embodiment, two replacement bits 31 are provided in one bit replacement unit 30. However, as shown in FIG. 12, the rotation support 41 has a 120 ° centering on the rotation axis O1. It is also possible to form three or more bit storage holes 36 for each to hold the replacement bit 31. Here, the closing surface portion 48 is provided at an intermediate position between the bit accommodation holes 36 on the front surface of the rotation support body 41. Thus, three or more replacement bits 31 can be replaced at a time by replacing one bit replacement unit 30, and the efficiency of the replacement operation can be improved.

  In the first embodiment, the unit front plate 32 is detachably provided in the mounting hole 21b of the spoke front plate 21a of the main spoke member 21, but as a modification, the spoke front plate and the unit front plate are integrated. A spoke exchange plate may be provided, and a bit exchange unit comprising a holding cylinder and a rotating support may be attached to the back of the spoke plate.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bit exchange unit which shows Embodiment 1 of the bit exchange apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of planar view of a bit exchange unit. It is a front view of a bit exchange unit. It is a rear view of a bit exchange unit. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the exchange operation | work of a bit exchange unit. It is sectional drawing of planar view which shows the exchange operation | work of a bit exchange unit. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shield machine which has a bit exchange apparatus. It is a front view of the shield machine which has a bit exchange apparatus. It is a front view of an outer periphery bit exchange unit. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an outer periphery bit exchange unit. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bit exchange unit which showed the modification of the bit exchange unit and provided the bit for exchange inclining with respect to the rotating shaft center. It is a front view showing other embodiments of a bit exchange unit which has three exchange bits.

Explanation of symbols

O Shield axis O1 Rotating axis 11 Shield body 16 Cutter head 17 Cutter drive device 20 Center member 21 Main spoke member 21a Spoke front plate 21b Mounting hole 26 Fixed bit 27 Manhole 30 Bit exchange unit 31 Replacement bit 31a Excavation blade part 31b Base shaft portion 32 Unit front plate 36 Opening portion 37 Holding cylinder 41 Rotating support body 42 Bit receiving hole 43 Bit fixing bolt 45 Posture changing device 46 Ring seal 47A First front seal member 47B Second front seal member 48 Closing surface portion 49 Stud Bolt 50 Peripheral bit exchange unit

Claims (4)

A shield excavator excavation bit exchanging device having a cutter head rotatably supported around the shield axis at the front of the shield body,
A plurality of openings are formed in the front plate of the cutter head, and a columnar rotation support whose front surface is in sliding contact with the rear side of the front plate can be rotated around a rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the front plate. Place and
A plurality of bit storage holes, which are arranged corresponding to the respective openings and are capable of withdrawing / removing / fixing the replacement bit, are formed through the rotation support member from the front side to the back side,
When the rotation support body is rotated around the rotation axis from the usage posture corresponding to the opening of the bit storage hole to the exchange posture, the closing surface portion that can close each opening portion is provided on the rotation support body. Bit exchanging device for excavation of shield machine installed on the front. The front plate of the cutter head consists of a cutter front plate provided on the cutter head side, and a unit front plate that is detachably attached to a mounting hole formed in the cutter front plate and has an opening.
The excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the unit front plate and the rotation support body constitute an exchangable bit exchanging unit. Seals the gap between the front seal member that prevents the intrusion of muddy water from the opening and the outer peripheral surface of the replacement bit and the inner peripheral surface of the bit storage hole. And an inner seal member that prevents muddy water from entering the bit storage hole,
A rotating passive gear provided on the outer periphery of the rotating support and a driving pinion that meshes with the rotating passive gear. The driving pinion is rotated to support rotation between the use posture and the replacement posture. The exchanging bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a posture changing device for rotating the body. The excavation bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a work space in which an operator enters and can be exchanged is formed on the back side of the front plate of the cutter head.

Images