JP2004218298A - Cutter transfer device and method, cutter changing method, and tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cutter transfer device and method, a cutter change method, and a tunnel excavator improving the workability and safety of the cutter changing work and simplifying the device. <P>SOLUTION: An outer ring 33 is turnably supported in a cutter spoke 18. An inner ring 35 is turnably supported in the eccentric position of the outer ring 35. A slide ring 37 is turnably supported in the eccentric position of the inner ring 35 and equipped with a disc cutter 19. The inner ring 35 is turned reversely and the slide ring 37 is made back and forth transferable by turning the outer ring 33 from a rotary jack 45 to one side and the slide ring 37 is made movable along the radial direction of the cutter head 17 through the inner ring 35 by a transfer jack 58. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter moving device and a method capable of moving a cutter such as a disk cutter and a cutter bit, a cutter exchanging method using the cutter moving method, and a tunnel excavator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a typical shielded excavator, a rotatable cutter head is rotatably mounted at the front of a cylindrical excavator body, and a large number of disc cutters and cutter bits are attached to the cutter head, while the rear is excavated. A large number of shield jacks for advancing the machine body are mounted, and an erector device for assembling segments on the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel is mounted. Therefore, when the shield jack is extended while rotating the cutter head, the excavator body moves forward with the excavation reaction force from the existing segment, and the disk cutter or cutter bit excavates the ground in front and forms a tunnel. Can be.
[0003]
In recent years, the length of tunnels has been increasing, and the disk cutter and the cutter bit mounted on the cutter head will be worn during tunnel excavation work. If the disk cutter or the cutter bit is worn, the excavation efficiency of the ground is reduced. Therefore, the excavation operation must be stopped and each worn cutter must be replaced. However, this cutter replacement work involves discharging muddy water and excavated earth and sand in the space including the chamber between the face and the bulkhead to the outside, supplying air to this space, and compressing the face to prevent collapse of the face. In a state in which the pressure is suppressed, the operator enters the compressed air space and replaces the disk cutter or the cutter bit.
[0004]
Therefore, a disk cutter or a cutter bit worn inside the machine can be replaced with a new one without the worker coming out to the face side or the chamber, for example, described in Patent Document 1 shown below. In the cutter bit replacement method and apparatus described in Patent Document 2, the cylinder is movable in the front-rear direction on the front partition of the shield frame, and the cylinder surrounds the cutter bit and its mounting hole on the back surface of the cutter frame. Thus, the cutter bit mounted in the mounting hole is pulled out from the inside of the cylindrical body to the inside of the machine, and the mounting hole is closed by the spherical member, so that the cutter bit is exchanged in the machine.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2001-02412963
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional cutter bit replacement method and apparatus described above, it is necessary to mount a large number of cylinders on the shield frame in correspondence with the large number of cutter bits mounted on the cutter frame, and the structure becomes complicated. In addition, there is a problem that the apparatus becomes large.
[0007]
The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and aims at improving the workability and safety of the cutter exchanging work and simplifying the apparatus, a cutter moving device and method, a cutter exchanging method, and a tunnel excavator. The purpose is to provide.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter moving device comprising: a first rotating disk provided on a cutter head; and a second rotating disk mounted at a position eccentric from the center of the first rotating disk. And a cutter which is housed in the second turntable and whose tip is directed forward in the excavation direction, and the other turntable is turned in the other direction by rotating the first turntable or the second turntable in one direction. A first moving mechanism for rotating the cutter to move the cutter forward or backward in the excavation direction.
[0009]
In the cutter moving device according to the second aspect of the present invention, a guide mechanism is provided between the cutter head and the cutter for holding a posture of the cutter moved by the first moving mechanism.
[0010]
In the cutter moving device according to the third aspect of the present invention, a moving plate is provided at a position eccentric from the center of the second rotating plate, the cutter is mounted on the moving plate, and the guide mechanism is provided with a It is characterized in that the orientation of the cutter is maintained by restricting the attitude in the rotation direction.
[0011]
In the cutter moving device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the eccentric amount of the second rotating disk with respect to the first rotating disk and the eccentric amount of the moving disk with respect to the second rotating disk are set to be equal. .
[0012]
In the cutter moving device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the first moving mechanism is provided on a center side of the cutter head, and is connected to the first turntable or the second turntable.
[0013]
In a cutter moving device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the first moving mechanism moves the cutter along a straight line passing through the center of the first rotating disk.
[0014]
In the cutter moving device according to the invention of claim 7, the cutter head has a plurality of cut-spokes arranged radially from the center thereof, and the first turntable and the second turntable are provided in the cut-spoke. The cutter is housed therein.
[0015]
In the cutter moving device according to the eighth aspect of the present invention, at a position where the cutter protrudes forward from the cutter head in the excavation direction, the cutter penetrates the cutter head, the first turntable, and the second turntable, and extends along the excavation direction. It is characterized by having a sediment discharge hole.
[0016]
In a cutter moving device according to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a lid for closing the earth and sand discharge hole is provided on the first turntable at a position where the cutter is housed in the cutter head.
[0017]
In the cutter moving device according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, a lid for closing the earth and sand discharge hole is provided between the cutter head and the first turntable at a position where the cutter is housed in the cutter head. Features.
[0018]
In the cutter moving device according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the second rotating disk that houses the cutter or the first rotating disk that houses the cutter and the second rotating disk is moved to a center side of the cutter head. A moving mechanism is provided.
[0019]
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the cutter replacing method, the first rotating disk provided on the cutter head is rotated in one direction, so that the second rotating disk mounted at an eccentric position of the first rotating disk can be rotated. To move the cutter mounted at the eccentric position of the second turntable and located at the projecting position of the cutter head to the rear storage position, and then moving the cutter at the storage position to the center of the cutter head. It is characterized by moving to the side and replacing.
[0020]
In the cutter exchanging method according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the first turntable is provided to penetrate the cutter head in the front-rear direction in synchronization with the movement of the cutter to the storage position by the first moving mechanism. It is characterized by closing the earth and sand discharge hole.
[0021]
Further, in the cutter moving method according to the present invention, by rotating the first rotating disk provided on the cutter head in one direction, the second rotating disk mounted at the eccentric position of the first rotating disk can be moved to the other side. And moves the spare cutter, which is housed at the eccentric position of the second turntable and is in the storage position of the cutter head, forward, and moves to a protruding position protruding from a fixed cutter provided on the cutter head. It is characterized by the following.
[0022]
A tunnel excavator according to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention includes a tubular excavator main body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator main body, and a radially mounted rotatably mounted on a front portion of the excavator main body. A cutter head having a plurality of cut-spokes mounted thereon, a first turntable rotatably mounted in the cut-spoke with an axial center along a longitudinal direction thereof, and eccentric from the center of the first turntable. A second rotating disk mounted at a position, a cutter internally mounted on the second rotating disk, the tip of which is directed forward in the excavation direction, and rotating the first rotating disk or the second rotating disk in one direction. A first moving mechanism for rotating the other turntable in the other direction to move the cutter forward or backward in the excavation direction, and the second turntable or the cutter and the second turntable including the cutter therein. 1st interior with interior It is characterized in that the board equipped with a second moving mechanism for moving toward the center of the cutter head.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0024]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of a tunnel excavator to which the cutter moving device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a II-II cross section of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a III-III cross section of FIG. FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a main part of a tunnel excavator showing a disk cutter replacing operation, and FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a cut-spoke showing a disk cutter replacing operation.
[0025]
In the tunnel excavator of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, an excavator body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a bulkhead 12 is attached to a front portion. A rotary ring 15 is rotatably supported on the bulkhead 12 by a pair of bearings 13 and 14, and a cutter head 17 is connected to the rotary ring 15 via a conical center cone 16. The cutter head 17 has a plurality of cutter spokes 18 provided radially from a central portion, and a disk cutter 19 is detachably mounted on the cutter spokes 18. In addition, a number of cutter bits 20 are fixed to the side of each of the cut spokes 18, and a sediment intake opening is formed.
[0026]
A ring gear 21 is fixed to the rear part of the rotating ring 15, while a cutter turning motor 22 is attached to the excavator body 11, and a driving gear 23 of the cutter turning motor 22 meshes with the ring gear 21. . Therefore, when the cutter turning motor 22 is driven to rotate the drive gear 23, the cutter head 17 can be rotated via the ring gear 21, the rotating ring 15, and the center cone 16.
[0027]
Further, a chamber 24 is formed between the cutter head 17 and the bulkhead 12 of the excavator main body 11, and a front end of a screw conveyor 25 disposed on the excavator main body 11 in a forwardly inclined state is formed in the chamber 23. It is open to. Further, a plurality of shield jacks (propulsion jacks) are arranged side by side at the rear of the excavator main body. The shield jack extends rearward and is pressed against the existing segment, so that the excavator main body 11 is moved forward by the reaction force. can do. An erector device for assembling segments on the inner wall surface of the existing tunnel is provided at the rear of the excavator body.
[0028]
Incidentally, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the disc cutter 19 mounted on the cutter spoke 18 of the cutter head 17 described above can be replaced from the excavator body 11 side. That is, when the disc cutter 19 is worn by excavating the tunnel for a predetermined length, or when the sheet cutter, the H-shaped steel pile, the reinforced concrete pile or the like is damaged by contact with an obstacle, the worn or damaged disc cutter 19 is replaced with a new one. The excavation work can be continued by replacing it with a new one.
[0029]
In the cutter head 17 described above, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cut-spoke 18 has a cylindrical shape, and a support wall 31 is formed at a predetermined position. Center O ₁ Are formed in a straight line along the excavation direction.
[0030]
The outer ring (first rotating disk) 33 has a circular outer peripheral surface, is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the cut spoke 18, and has a center O of the cut spoke 18. ₁ Is supported rotatably around the fulcrum. This outer ring 33 has its center O ₁ A predetermined distance L from ₁ Only eccentric point O ₂ Is formed, and an inner ring (second rotary disc) 35 is provided in the eccentric hole 34 so that the center O ₁ A predetermined distance L from ₁ Only eccentric center O ₂ Are rotatably fitted with the fulcrum as a fulcrum. The inner ring 35 has its center O ₂ A predetermined distance L from ₂ Only eccentric point O ₃ An eccentric hole 36 is formed at a position centered on the eccentric hole 36. A slide ring (second rotating disk) 37 is provided in the eccentric hole 36, and is fitted to the inner ring 35 so as to be relatively rotatable. In this case, the center O of the outer ring 33 ₁ And the center O of the inner ring 35 ₂ Eccentricity L ₁ And the center O of the inner ring 35 ₂ And the center O of the slide ring 37 ₃ Eccentricity L ₂ And are the same amount.
[0031]
A cutter holder 38 is fixed to a front portion of the slide ring 37, a rotation shaft 39 of the disk cutter 19 is mounted on the cutter holder 38, and a holding member 40 is fixed and supported by the cutter holder 38. Therefore, the disk cutter 19 is held at the front of the slide ring 37 facing forward in the excavation direction.
[0032]
On the lower surface of the slide ring 37, a guide projection 41 has a center O. ₃ The guide projection 41 is movably fitted in the guide groove 32 of the support wall 31. In this case, the guide projection 41 and the guide groove 32 constitute a guide mechanism provided between the cutter head 17 and the disk cutter 19, and the slide ring 37 can move back and forth along the guide groove 32. The disk cutter 19 can be moved in the front-rear direction while being restrained in a posture facing forward by being supported so as not to rotate.
[0033]
Further, two connecting portions 43 and 44 are provided on the lower surface of the outer ring 33 via a bracket 42. On the other hand, a rotary jack 45 as a first moving mechanism can be attached to the center of the cutter head 17 (center cone 16) along the front-rear direction, and the tip of the drive rod 46 of the rotary jack 45 has a diameter. The connecting portions 43 and 44 can be connected via connecting rods 47 extending along the direction. Therefore, at the time of normal excavation, the rotary jack 45 and the connecting rod 47 are not attached to the cutter head 17, and nothing is connected to the connecting portions 43 and 44 of the outer ring 33. On the other hand, when replacing the disk cutter 19, the rotary jack 45 is attached to the cutter head 17, and the distal end of the drive rod 46 is connected to each connecting part 43 (or the connecting part 44) via the connecting rod 47. In this state, by rotating the rotary jack 45 and rotating the outer ring 33 in one direction, the inner ring 35 is rotated in the opposite direction (the other direction), and the disk cutter 19 is moved backward together with the slide ring 37. be able to.
[0034]
Here, the operation of moving the disk cutter 19 by the rotary jack 45 will be described in detail. When the outer ring 33 is rotated counterclockwise (in the direction of arrow A) by the rotary jack 45 from the state shown in FIG. 2, the outer ring 33 has the center O because the outer peripheral surface is supported by the cut spoke 18. ₁ Is rotated around the fulcrum. On the other hand, the slide ring 37 is movable back and forth but non-rotatably supported by the guide projection 41 fitted into the guide groove 32 of the cut spoke 18. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5A, the inner ring 35 has a center O due to the cam function of the eccentric hole 34 of the outer ring 33. ₂ While rotating clockwise (arrow B direction) with ₃ Swings clockwise (in the direction of arrow B).
[0035]
That is, the eccentricity L of the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 ₁ And the eccentricity L of the inner ring 35 and the slide ring 37 ₂ And the relative rotation and swinging of the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 due to the restraint of the posture of the slide ring 37, the direction other than the front-back direction along the guide groove 32 (the direction intersecting the guide groove 32). Absorb the power of each other. Therefore, the slide ring 37 can move rightward (in the direction of arrow C) in FIG. 3A along the guide groove 32. Then, as shown in FIG. 3B, when the outer ring 33 is rotated by 120 degrees, the inner ring 35 is rotated by 120 degrees in the opposite direction, the slide ring 37 is moved to a predetermined position, and the disc cutter 19 is moved. It can be retracted into the cutter spokes 18.
[0036]
In this case, the center O of the inner ring 35 ₂ And the center O of the outer ring 33 ₁ Distance (eccentricity) L ₁ Is constant and the center O of the slide ring 37 is ₃ And the center O of the inner ring 35 ₂ Distance (eccentricity) L ₂ Is constant, this distance L ₁ , L ₂ Can be replaced as a link, and the center O of the slide ring 37 ₃ Can move in the range of the link vector.
[0037]
When the outer ring 33 is rotated in the opposite direction, the inner ring 35 is also rotated and rocked in the opposite direction, and the slide ring 37 is moved along the guide groove 32 in the opposite direction. As shown in FIG. 1, the disc cutter 19 can be returned to the excavation position protruding forward from the cut spokes 18.
[0038]
In addition, grease or the like is injected into each sliding contact portion of the Katas spokes 18, the outer ring 33, the inner ring 35, and the slide ring 37 to reduce frictional resistance and prevent excavated earth and sand from intruding. It is desirable to make the rotation smooth. In this case, a ball bearing, a screw bearing, or the like may be interposed in each sliding contact portion.
[0039]
Further, at a digging operation position where the disk cutter 19 protrudes forward from the cutter head 17 in the digging direction, a sediment discharging hole 48 is provided through the katus spoke 18, the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 along the digging direction. I have. That is, as shown in detail in FIG. 2, through holes 49 and 50 are formed in the front and rear portions of the cut spoke 18. Further, a through hole 51 is formed in the outer ring 33 between the outer ring 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 35 so as to leave a pair of support walls 33a and 33b having a fan shape (or a crescent shape). Further, through holes 52 and 53 are formed in the inner ring 35 so as to leave a pair of support walls 35 a and 35 b forming a fan shape (or a crescent shape) between the inner ring 35 and the outer peripheral surface of the slide ring 37. .
[0040]
Therefore, when the disk cutter 19 is at the excavation work position protruding forward from the cutter head 17, that is, the front through-hole 49 of the cut-spoke 18, the penetration of the front through-hole 49 and the outer ring 33 of the cut-spoke 18 is performed. The hole 51, the through holes 52 and 53 of the inner ring 35, and the rear through hole 50 of the cut-spoke 18 communicate with each other to form a sediment discharge hole 48, and the sediment excavated by the disk cutter 19 passes through the sediment discharge hole 48. It can be taken into the chamber 24.
[0041]
Further, at a replacement position where the disk cutter 19 is housed in the cut spoke 18, the earth and sand discharge hole 48 is closed so that earth and sand do not enter the inside. That is, as shown in FIG. 5B, the outer ring 33 is provided with a pair of support walls 33a and 33b on the outer peripheral portion as described above, and the cover wall The front through hole 49 can be closed, and the support wall 33b can close the rear through hole 50 of the cut spoke 18.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 1, a slide ring 37, an inner ring 35, and an outer ring 33, which support the disc cutter 19 in close contact with the support wall 31, are rotatable relative to each other only in the circumferential direction. They are arranged in a fitted state. The outer ring 33 is rotatable in the circumferential direction with respect to the cut spoke 18, but is not movable in the axial direction, and the slide ring 37 and the inner ring 35 move in the axial direction with respect to the outer ring 33 as a set. It is possible. That is, the slide ring 37, the inner ring 35, and the outer ring 33 are mounted as one set on the distal end side of the cut-spoke 18, and three hollow cylinder-shaped spacers 54 are disposed adjacent thereto, and the slide ring 37. The spacer 54 is supported by the cutter spokes 18 by the stoppers 55 and 56, whereby the slide ring 37 and the inner ring 35 are held in position, and the disk cutter 19 is positioned at a predetermined position.
[0043]
A support column 57 is fixed in the cut spoke 18 opposite to the cut spoke 18 to which the replaceable disk cutter 19 is mounted, and a movable jack 58 as a second moving mechanism is mounted on the support column 57. It is possible. On the other hand, a connecting portion 59 is attached to each spacer 54, and the distal end of the drive rod 60 of the movable jack 58 can be connected to the connecting portion 59. Therefore, at the time of normal excavation, the movable jack 58 is not mounted on the cutter head 17. On the other hand, when the disk cutter 19 is replaced and the disk cutter 19 is pulled into the cutter spoke 18 via the slide ring 37 by the rotation of the outer ring 33, the movable jack 58 is attached to the cutter head 17, and the drive rod 60 The distal end is connected to the connecting portion 59 and the stoppers 55 and 56 are removed. In this state, by contracting the moving jack 58, the slide ring 37 (the disc cutter 19) and the inner ring 35 together with the spacer 54 can be moved toward the center.
[0044]
An open / close door (not shown) is provided between the excavator main body 11 and the cutter head 17. By maintaining the inside of the cutter head 17 at substantially the same atmospheric pressure as the excavator main body 11 at the time of replacing the cutter. Then, the operator can open the door from the excavator body 11 and enter the cutter head 17 to perform a cutter replacement operation.
[0045]
Hereinafter, a tunnel excavation operation by the tunnel excavator thus configured and an exchange operation of the disk cutter 19 will be described.
[0046]
In order to excavate and form a tunnel, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of shield jacks are extended while the cutter head 17 is rotated by a cutter turning motor 22, and the excavator body 11 is advanced by a reaction force pressed against an existing segment. Let it. Then, a large number of disc cutters 19 are pressed against the ground in front and crushed and excavated, and at the same time, each cutter bit 20 excavates the ground, excavated earth and sand is taken into the chamber 24 from the intake opening, and is screwed by the screw conveyor 25. It is discharged outside. Then, one of the shield jacks is actuated in the contracting direction to form a space between the shield segment and the existing segment, and a new segment is mounted in the space by the elector device. By repeating this operation, a tunnel of a predetermined length is excavated and formed. At this time, when the disk cutter 19 crushes the ground, the crushed earth and sand is taken into the chamber 24 through the earth and sand discharge holes 48 formed in the cut-spoke 18 on both sides of the disk cutter 19, and the earth and sand is removed around the disk cutter 19. It does not hinder the rotation of the disk cutter 19 by being attached to the portion.
[0047]
In the process of performing such a tunnel excavation operation, when the disc cutter 19 is worn out due to a long-term tunnel excavation operation and the excavation efficiency is reduced, it is necessary to replace it with a new one. When replacing the disk cutter 19, the turning of the cutter head 17 and the advance of the excavator body 11 are stopped, but the cutter head 17 is stopped at an angle at which the cutter spoke 18 is in a vertical state. Then, after all of the earth and sand in the cutter head 17 and the chamber 24 has been discharged, the operator enters the cutter head 17 from the excavator main body 11 and performs the replacement work of the disk cutter 19.
[0048]
The operator first attaches the rotary jack 45 to the cutter head 17 and connects the distal end of the drive rod 46 to the connecting portion 43 of the outer ring 33 via the connecting rod 47, as shown in FIGS. . In this state, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the rotary jack 45 is extended to rotate the outer ring 33 by a predetermined angle, the inner ring 35 rotates in the opposite direction, and the slide ring 37 moves backward. Then, when the rotary jack 45 is extended by the full stroke, the connecting rod 47 is reconnected to the connecting portion 44, and the rotary jack 45 is extended again to rotate the outer ring 33, while rotating the inner ring 35 in the opposite direction. . By repeating this operation, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 5B, the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 are rotated by 120 degrees, and the slide ring 37 is kept in that posture, that is, the disc cutter 19 is not rotated. The slide ring 37 is moved to a predetermined position while the disk cutter 19 faces forward, and the disk cutter 19 is drawn into the cut-spoke 18.
[0049]
Next, the movable jack 58 is mounted on the cutter head 17, the distal end of the drive rod 60 is connected to the connecting portion 59 of the spacer 54, and the stoppers 55 and 56 are removed. In this state, the moving jack 58 is contracted to move the slide ring 37 and the inner ring 35 together with the spacer 54 toward the center. Then, by removing the spacers 54 one by one, as shown in FIG. 4B, the slide ring 37 on which the disk cutter 19 is mounted and the inner ring 35 are moved to the center. Here, the worn disk cutter 19 is removed from the slide ring 37 and a new disk cutter is mounted. After that, the disc cutter is returned to a predetermined position by the reverse operation.
[0050]
That is, by extending the moving jack 58 to move the slide ring 37 and the inner ring 35 on which the new disk cutter is mounted into the cut-spoke 18, attaching the spacer 54, and repeatedly rotating and rotating the rotary jack 45, the outer The ring 33 is rotated in the opposite direction to the above, the inner ring 35 is rotated to move the slide ring 37 forward, and as shown in FIG. Return to position. After that, the moving jack 58 and the rotating jack 45 are removed.
[0051]
When the replacement of the worn disk cutter 19 has been completed as described above, the plurality of shield jacks are extended and the excavator body 11 is advanced again while rotating the cutter head 17 by the cutter turning motor 22 again, and The ground is excavated by the disc cutter 19 and the cutter bit 20 of the above, and the tunnel excavation work is continuously performed.
[0052]
As described above, in the tunnel excavator of the present embodiment, the outer ring 33 is rotatably supported in the cut spoke 18, and the inner ring 35 is rotatably supported at an eccentric position of the outer ring 33. The slide ring 37 is rotatably supported at an eccentric position of the ring 35, the disc cutter 19 is mounted on the slide ring 37, and the outer ring 33 is rotated in one direction by the rotary jack 45 so that the inner ring 35 is moved in the opposite direction. The slide ring 37 can be rotated to move forward or backward in the digging direction, and the movable jack 58 allows the slide ring 37 to move along the radial direction of the cutter head 17 via the inner ring 35.
[0053]
Therefore, by rotating the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 eccentric to each other in the opposite directions, the slide ring 37 is moved backward, the disc cutter 19 is drawn into the cut-spoke 18, and the movable jack 58 is moved together with the inner ring 35. The slide ring 37 is moved to the center side of the cutter head 17 to move the disk cutter 19 to the replacement position, where the worn disk cutter 19 can be replaced with a new one. The cutter 18 can be easily and safely replaced in a short time.
[0054]
At the excavation position where the disk cutter 19 protrudes forward from the cutter head 17 in the direction of excavation, the earth and sand discharge holes 48 for taking the earth and sand excavated by the disk cutter 19 into the chamber 24 are formed in the through holes 49 and 50 of the cut-spoke 18. It is provided as a through hole 51 of the outer ring 33 and through holes 52 and 53 of the inner ring 35. Therefore, the earth and sand discharge hole 48 can be provided without hindering the fitting configuration of the outer ring 33, the inner ring 35, and the slide ring 37 which are configured to be relatively rotatable with each other, and the disk cutter 19 is crushed by the earth and sand discharge hole 48. It is possible to properly take the deposited earth and sand into the chamber 24, and to prevent the function failure of the disk cutter 19 due to the prevention of the adhesion of the earth and sand to the disk cutter 19.
[0055]
FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a spoke in a tunnel excavator to which the cutter moving device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a cut-spoke showing a disk cutter replacement operation. Note that members having the same functions as those described in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
[0056]
In the tunnel excavator of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, an idle ring (lid) 61 is rotatably fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the cut-spoke 18, and the inner peripheral surface of the idle ring 61 is fitted to the idle ring 61. The outer ring 33 is rotatably fitted. The inner ring 35 is rotatably fitted to the eccentric position of the outer ring 33, and the slide ring 37 is fitted to the eccentric position of the inner ring 35 so as to be relatively rotatable. The disk cutter 19 is mounted on the slide ring 37 so as to be freely supported.
[0057]
Then, as earth and sand discharge holes 62, through holes 49 and 50 of the cut-spoke 18, through holes 63 and 64 before and after the idle ring 61, a through hole 51 of the outer ring 33, and through holes 52 and 53 of the inner ring 35 are formed. ing. The outer ring 33 is rotatable by a rotary jack 45, the idle ring 61 is movable independently of the outer ring 33 by a rotary jack (not shown), and the inner ring 35 and the slide ring 37 are movable jacks 58. Thereby, the cutter spoke 18 can be moved in the axial direction.
[0058]
Therefore, in order to replace the disk cutter 19, first, the rotary jack 45 is attached to a predetermined position and extended, and as shown in FIG. 7A, the outer ring 33 is rotated by a predetermined angle and the inner ring 35 is rotated. It rotates in the opposite direction to move the slide ring 37 backward. By changing the mounting position of the rotary jack 45 and repeating the extension work, the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 are rotated 180 degrees as shown in FIG. And the disk cutter 19 is drawn into the cut-spoke 18. Then, the rotary jack is attached to a predetermined position and extended, the idle ring 61 is rotated by a predetermined angle, and the idle holes 61 close the through holes 49 and 50 of the cut spoke 18.
[0059]
Next, the moving jack 58 is attached to a predetermined position and contracted to move the slide ring 37 and the inner ring 35 to the center side, the worn disk cutter 19 is removed from the slide ring 37, and a new disk cutter is mounted. Then, the disc cutter is returned to the predetermined position by the operation reverse to the above.
[0060]
As described above, in the tunnel excavator of the second embodiment, the cutter ring 18 can be independently rotated between the outer ring 33 and the idle ring 61 that closes the earth and sand discharge holes 62 at the time of cutter replacement work. Provided. Therefore, by moving the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35 by 180 degrees and moving the slide ring 37 the longest distance, the disk cutter 19 can be securely housed in the cut-spoke 18, contributing to downsizing. Can be.
[0061]
In the above-described embodiment, the outer ring 33, the inner ring 35, and the slide ring 37 are each formed into a disc shape with respect to the cut spokes 18 so as to be relatively rotatable with each other, thereby receiving the load on the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of each other. Although it is structurally desirable, one of the inner and outer circumferences of the members that come into contact with each other is formed into a polygonal shape such as a triangle or a quadrangle, and by providing an arc at the corner, it is possible to easily perform relative rotation or relative movement. Good.
[0062]
In the above-described embodiment, the slide ring 37 is moved along the guide groove 32 by rotating the outer ring 33 to one side and rotating the inner ring 35 to the other side. By rotating to one side, the outer ring 33 can be rotated to the other side, and the slide ring 37 can be moved.
[0063]
Further, a concave linear guide groove 32 is formed in the support wall 31 of the cut-spoke 18, and the slide ring 37 is moved back and forth by fitting the guide protrusion 41 of the slide ring 37 into the guide groove 32. Although it is possible and supported so as not to rotate, the guide groove 32 is formed into a curved shape such as a curved shape or an S-shape, so that the slide ring 37 is moved in a curved shape and the disc cutter 19 is set at a predetermined angle. The swinging posture may be taken into the cut spoke 18. Further, the concave-convex relationship between the guide groove 32 of the support wall 31 and the guide protrusion 41 of the slide ring 37 may be reversed.
[0064]
Also, the center O of the outer ring 33 ₁ And the center O of the inner ring 35 ₂ Eccentricity L ₁ And the center O of the inner ring 35 ₂ And the center O of the slide ring 37 ₃ Eccentricity L ₂ And the same amount, but the amount of eccentricity L ₁ And eccentricity L ₂ May be 2: 1 or 3: 1 instead of 1: 1 and may be appropriately set according to the size of the cutter head 17. Further, the slide ring 37 is linearly moved by the relative rotation between the outer ring 33 and the inner ring 35. However, the number of rotating disks (rings) is not limited to two, and may be appropriately used. is there.
[0065]
Further, in the present embodiment, one disk cutter 19 is mounted on one cutter spoke 18 so as to be detachable, but a plurality of disk cutters 23 may be mounted on one cutter spoke 18 side by side. That is, a set of the outer ring 33, the inner ring 35, the slide ring 37, the disk cutter 19, and the like may be provided instead of the spacer 54, and a plurality of replaceable disk cutters 19 may be mounted on one cutter spoke 18. it can.
[0066]
Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the present invention is applied to the exchange device of the disk cutter 19, but may be applied to the exchange device of the cutter bit 20. Further, the cutter moving device and method of the present invention are applied to the cutter changing device and method, but can also be applied to a spare cutter moving device. That is, a spare cutter may be accommodated in a cut-spoke for a fixed cutter bit for excavating earth and sand, and when the fixed cutter bit is worn, the spare cutter may be projected by the cutter moving device of the present invention. In addition, for a fixed cutter bit for excavating earth and sand, a hard cutter is housed in a cut-spoke for cutting an obstacle such as a sheet pile, and when an obstacle is detected ahead, the hard cutter is moved by the cutter moving device of the present invention. The obstacle may be cut by projecting the cutter.
[0067]
The tunnel excavator of the present invention can be applied to a muddy or mud pressure shielded excavator or a tunnel boring machine.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail in the embodiment, according to the cutter moving device of the first aspect of the present invention, the first rotating disk provided on the cutter head is provided with the second rotating disk at a position eccentric from the center thereof. The second rotating disk is provided with a cutter whose tip is directed forward in the excavation direction, and the first rotating disk or the second rotating disk is rotated in one direction, so that the other rotating disk is rotated in the other direction. Since the first moving mechanism for moving the cutter forward or backward in the excavation direction is provided, the workability and safety of the cutter moving operation can be improved, and the apparatus can be simplified.
[0069]
According to the cutter moving device of the second aspect of the present invention, since the guide mechanism for holding the posture of the cutter moved by the first moving mechanism is provided between the cutter head and the cutter, the cutter is kept in the predetermined posture. You can move.
[0070]
According to the cutter moving device of the third aspect of the present invention, the moving plate is mounted at a position eccentric from the center of the second rotating plate, the cutter is mounted on the moving plate, and the guide mechanism is configured to rotate the moving plate in the rotational direction. , The orientation of the cutter is maintained, so that the cutter can be appropriately supported and easily moved in a predetermined posture.
[0071]
According to the cutter moving device of the fourth aspect, the eccentric amount of the second rotating disk with respect to the first rotating disk and the eccentric amount of the moving disk with respect to the second rotating disk are set to the same amount. The cutter can be moved by a predetermined stroke.
[0072]
According to the cutter moving device of the fifth aspect of the present invention, the first moving mechanism is provided on the center side of the cutter head and connected to the first turntable or the second turntable, thereby preventing an increase in the size of the cut spoke. In addition to this, it is not necessary for the operator to move into the cut-spoke at the time of the cutter replacement work, and the work safety can be ensured.
[0073]
According to the cutter moving device of the sixth aspect of the present invention, the first moving mechanism moves the cutter in a linear direction passing through the center of the first rotating disk, so that the cutter can be surely moved at the shortest distance. This can contribute to downsizing of the device.
[0074]
According to the cutter moving device of the present invention, the cutter head has a plurality of cutter spokes radiating from the center thereof, and the first rotating disk, the second rotating disk, and the cutter are provided in the cutter spoke. Since it is accommodated, the device can be miniaturized and simplified by eliminating protrusions protruding outside the cut spokes.
[0075]
According to the cutter moving device of the present invention, at a position where the cutter protrudes forward from the cutter head in the excavation direction, the earth and sand discharge along the excavation direction through the cutter head, the first turntable, and the second turntable. Since the holes are provided, the earth and sand discharge hole can be provided without hindering the fitting configuration of the first and second rotating disks configured to be relatively rotatable with each other. The cutter can be properly taken in, and the functional failure of the cutter due to the prevention of the adhesion of the earth and sand to the cutter can be prevented.
[0076]
According to the cutter moving device of the ninth aspect of the present invention, the lid for closing the earth and sand discharge hole is provided on the first turntable at the position where the cutter is housed in the cutter head. Therefore, when the cutter is replaced, the earth and sand discharge hole is closed by the lid. By doing so, it is possible to prevent intrusion of earth and sand into the inside of the machine and to ensure the safety of work, and it is possible to prevent an increase in the size of the device by providing the lid on the first turntable.
[0077]
According to the cutter moving device of the tenth aspect of the present invention, the lid for closing the earth and sand discharge hole is provided between the cutter head and the first rotary disc at the position where the cutter is housed in the cutter head. The lid can be rotated separately from the two-rotation disk, which can improve versatility, and by setting the rotation angle of the rotation disk appropriately, the cutter can be securely stored in the cut-spoke. It can contribute to miniaturization.
[0078]
According to the cutter moving device of the eleventh aspect, a second moving mechanism is provided for moving the second rotating disk containing the cutter or the first rotating disk containing the cutter and the second rotating disk to the center side of the cutter head. Therefore, the operability can be improved by moving the cutter to the center side of the cutter head that can be easily replaced.
[0079]
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the cutter replacing method, the first rotary disk provided on the cutter head is rotated in one direction so that the second rotary disk mounted at an eccentric position of the first rotary disk in the other direction. To move the cutter, which is mounted at the eccentric position of the second rotating disk and is at the projecting position of the cutter head, to the rear storage position, and then moves the cutter at the storage position to the center side of the cutter head for replacement. As a result, it is not necessary for the operator to go to the vicinity of the cutter to be replaced, the cutter can be moved to a position where the replacement can be easily performed, and the workability and safety of the cutter replacement can be improved. .
[0080]
According to the cutter exchanging method of the present invention, in synchronization with the movement of the cutter to the storage position by the first moving mechanism, the earth and sand discharge hole is provided in which the first turntable penetrates in the front-rear direction of the cutter head. When the cutter is replaced, the earth and sand discharge hole is closed by the lid when the cutter is replaced, thereby preventing earth and sand from entering the inside of the machine and ensuring the safety of work.
[0081]
According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the cutter moving method, the first rotating disk provided on the cutter head is rotated in one direction, so that the second rotating disk mounted at an eccentric position of the first rotating disk is rotated in the other direction. The spare cutter, which is housed at the eccentric position of the second rotating disk and is located at the storage position of the cutter head, is moved forward, and moved to the protruding position protruding from the fixed cutter provided on the cutter head. In addition, the spare cutter in the storage position can be easily moved to the projecting position in a short time, so that workability can be improved and the device can be downsized.
[0082]
Further, according to the tunnel excavator of the invention of claim 15, a cutter head having a radially shaped cut spoke is mounted rotatably at the front of the excavator main body, and the cutter head is disposed inside the cut spoke in a longitudinal direction. A first rotating disk having an axis is rotatably mounted, a second rotating disk is installed at a position eccentric from the center of the first rotating disk, and a cutter whose front end portion is directed forward in the excavation direction is provided on the second rotating disk. A first moving mechanism for rotating the first turntable or the second turntable in one direction to rotate the other turntable in the other direction to move the cutter forward or backward in the excavation direction; And a second moving mechanism for moving the second rotating disk or cutter having the first rotating disk and the first rotating disk having the second rotating disk toward the center of the cutter head, so that the first moving mechanism is eccentric to each other. , The second turntable to each other By rotating the cutter backward, the cutter is moved backward and drawn into the cutter spoke, and the second moving mechanism moves at least the cutter toward the center of the cutter head, where the worn cutter can be replaced with a new one. The cutter can be easily and safely replaced in a short time without complicating the apparatus.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a tunnel excavator to which a cutter moving device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a main part of a tunnel excavator showing a work of replacing a disk cutter.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a cut-spoke showing a replacement operation of a disk cutter.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a spoke in a tunnel excavator to which a cutter moving device according to a second embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the cut-spoke showing the work of replacing the disk cutter.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Excavator body
17 cutter head
18 cutter spokes
19 Disc cutter
22 cutter rotation motor
24 chambers
31 Support wall
32 Guide groove (guide mechanism)
33 outer ring (1st turntable)
33a, 33b Support wall (lid)
35 Inner ring (second turntable)
37 Slide ring (moving board)
41 Guide protrusion (guide mechanism)
45 rotating jack (first moving mechanism)
47 Connecting rod
48 earth and sand discharge hole
49, 50, 51, 52, 53 Through-hole
58 Moving jack (second moving mechanism)
61 Idol ring (lid)
62 Sediment discharge hole
63, 64 Through hole

Claims (15)

A first turntable provided on a cutter head, a second turntable mounted at a position eccentric from the center of the first turntable, and a tip end pointed forward in the excavation direction mounted on the second turntable. A cutter, and a first moving mechanism that rotates the first turntable or the second turntable in one direction to rotate the other turntable in the other direction to move the cutter forward or backward in the digging direction. A cutter moving device comprising: 2. The cutter moving device according to claim 1, wherein a guide mechanism is provided between the cutter head and the cutter for holding a posture of the cutter moved by the first moving mechanism. apparatus. 3. The cutter moving device according to claim 2, wherein a third rotating disk is provided at a position eccentric from a center of the second rotating disk, and the cutter is mounted on the third rotating disk, and the guide mechanism includes: A cutter moving device, wherein a direction of the cutter is maintained by restricting an attitude of the moving board in a rotation direction. The cutter moving device according to claim 3, wherein an eccentric amount of the second rotating disk with respect to the first rotating disk and an eccentric amount of the moving disk with respect to the second rotating disk are set to be equal. Moving equipment. 2. The cutter moving device according to claim 1, wherein the first moving mechanism is provided on a center side of the cutter head, and is connected to the first turntable or the second turntable. 3. apparatus. 2. The cutter moving device according to claim 1, wherein the first moving mechanism moves the cutter along a linear direction passing through the center of the first turntable. 2. The cutter moving device according to claim 1, wherein the cutter head has a plurality of cutter spokes radially arranged from a center portion thereof, and the first rotating disk, the second rotating disk, and A cutter moving device, wherein a cutter is accommodated. 2. The cutter moving device according to claim 1, wherein the cutter penetrates the cutter head, the first turntable, and the second turntable along the excavation direction at a position where the cutter protrudes forward from the cutter head in the excavation direction. 3. A cutter moving device provided with earth and sand discharge holes. 9. The cutter moving device according to claim 8, wherein a lid for closing the earth and sand discharge hole is provided on the first turntable at a position where the cutter is housed in the cutter head. 9. The cutter moving device according to claim 8, wherein a lid for closing the earth and sand discharge hole is provided between the cutter head and the first turntable at a position where the cutter is housed in the cutter head. Cutter moving device. 2. The cutter moving device according to claim 1, wherein the second turntable including the cutter or the first turntable including the cutter and the second turntable is moved to a center side of the cutter head. 3. A cutter moving device provided with a mechanism. By rotating the first rotating disk provided on the cutter head in one direction, the second rotating disk housed in the eccentric position of the first rotating disk is rotated in the other direction, and the eccentric position of the second rotating disk is rotated. Moving the cutter at the projecting position of the cutter head to the rear storage position, and then moving the cutter at the storage position to the center side of the cutter head for replacement. method of exchange. 13. The cutter replacement method according to claim 12, wherein the first rotating disk penetrates in a front-rear direction of the cutter head in synchronization with movement of the cutter to the storage position by the first moving mechanism. A cutter replacement method comprising closing a discharge hole. By rotating the first rotating disk provided on the cutter head in one direction, the second rotating disk housed in the eccentric position of the first rotating disk is rotated in the other direction, and the eccentric position of the second rotating disk is rotated. And moving the spare cutter, which is housed in the cutter head and is at the storage position of the cutter head, to a protruding position protruding from a fixed cutter provided on the cutter head. A tubular excavator body, a propulsion jack for advancing the excavator body, and a cutter head having a plurality of radially-mounted cut-spokes that are mounted rotatably at the front of the excavator body, A first turntable rotatably mounted in the cut-spoke with an axis along its longitudinal direction, a second turntable mounted at a position eccentric from the center of the first turntable, and A cutter that is mounted on a two-turn disc and whose tip is directed forward in the excavation direction, and that the other turn disc is rotated in the other direction by rotating the first turn disc or the second turn disc in one direction. A first moving mechanism for moving the cutter forward or rearward in the excavation direction; and a second rotating disk having the cutter therein or the first rotating disk having the cutter and the second rotating disk mounted at a center of the cutter head. Move to the side Tunneling machine, characterized in that it comprises a moving mechanism.

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