JP2001064718A - METHOD FOR ADJUSTING Al CONCENTRATION IN HIGH Si- CONTAINING MOLTEN STEEL - Google Patents
METHOD FOR ADJUSTING Al CONCENTRATION IN HIGH Si- CONTAINING MOLTEN STEELInfo
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- JP2001064718A JP2001064718A JP24313199A JP24313199A JP2001064718A JP 2001064718 A JP2001064718 A JP 2001064718A JP 24313199 A JP24313199 A JP 24313199A JP 24313199 A JP24313199 A JP 24313199A JP 2001064718 A JP2001064718 A JP 2001064718A
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- molten steel
- concentration
- float
- sio2
- floating
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼の
Ａｌ濃度調整方法に係わり、詳しくは、方向性電磁鋼板
の基になる高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼を溶製するに際して、含有さ
せるＡｌを狭い濃度範囲に的中させる技術である。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the Al concentration of molten steel having a high Si content. It is a technology that hits the area.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】変圧器や発電機の鉄心材料として使用さ
れる高Ｓｉ（通常、１重量％以上）の方向性電磁鋼板
は、最も重要な特性として、高磁束密度、且つ低鉄損で
あることを要求される。そのためには、該方向性電磁鋼
板の製造時に、結晶方位をゴス方位と呼ばれる状態にす
る必要がある。つまり、｛１００｝面を＜００１＞方位
に高度に集積させるのである。2. Description of the Related Art Grain-oriented electrical steel sheets of high Si (usually 1% by weight or more) used as core materials for transformers and generators have high magnetic flux density and low iron loss as their most important characteristics. Is required. For that purpose, it is necessary to set the crystal orientation to a state called Goss orientation during the production of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. That is, the {100} plane is highly integrated in the <001> direction.
【０００３】このような二次再結晶の集積を促進させる
ためには、一次再結晶の成長を選択的に抑制するインヒ
ビターと呼ばれる析出分散相を、鋼中に均一且つ適正な
サイズで形成させるのが一般的である。このインヒビタ
ーの一つにＡｌＮがある。ＡｌＮを前記インヒビターと
して働かせるには、溶鋼段階で鋼中のＡｌ及びＮ濃度を
ある範囲内に調整する必要がある。その範囲をわずかで
もはずれると、これらの元素は有害元素としてふるま
い、前記特性が劣化することになるからである。In order to promote the accumulation of such secondary recrystallization, a precipitation-dispersed phase called an inhibitor which selectively inhibits the growth of primary recrystallization is formed in steel at a uniform and appropriate size. Is common. One of these inhibitors is AlN. In order for AlN to act as the inhibitor, it is necessary to adjust the Al and N concentrations in the steel within a certain range at the molten steel stage. If the range is slightly deviated, these elements behave as harmful elements, and the above-mentioned characteristics are deteriorated.
【０００４】現在、この高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼は、転炉出鋼後
の該溶鋼をＲＨ真空脱ガス槽を用いて減圧下でＡｌ源を
投入して、Ａｌ濃度の調整を行なっている。しかしなが
ら、Ａｌは非常に酸化し易い元素であり、溶鋼の溶製時
には酸化物としてスラグに移行してしまい、溶鋼のＡｌ
を狭い濃度範囲に調整することが非常に難しい状況にあ
る。[0004] At present, in this high Si-containing molten steel, an Al source is supplied to the molten steel after the exit from the converter under reduced pressure using an RH vacuum degassing tank to adjust the Al concentration. However, Al is an element that is very easily oxidized, and shifts to slag as an oxide during smelting of molten steel.
Is very difficult to adjust to a narrow concentration range.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、かかる事情
に鑑み、溶鋼が高Ｓｉであっても、Ａｌ濃度を非常に狭
い範囲に調整可能な高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼のＡｌ濃度調整方法
を提供することを目的としている。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a method for adjusting the Al concentration of a high Si-containing molten steel that can adjust the Al concentration to a very narrow range even when the molten steel has a high Si. It is intended to be.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】発明者は、上記目的を達
成するため鋭意研究し、その成果を本発明に具現化し
た。Means for Solving the Problems The inventor has conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object and has embodied the results in the present invention.
【０００７】すなわち、本発明は、Ｓｉ：１．５〜５．
０重量％を含む高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼をＲＨ真空脱ガス槽で溶
製するに際して、脱ガス処理により溶鋼中のＳｉＯ2の
浮上を図る浮上処理期間の経過後に、Ａｌ源を溶鋼に添
加することを特徴とする高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼のＡｌ濃度調整
方法である。That is, according to the present invention, Si: 1.5 to 5.
In that melted in RH vacuum degassing tank high Si-containing molten steel containing 0 wt%, after the lapse of the floating processing period to reduce the floating of SiO 2 in the molten steel by degassing, the addition of Al source molten steel This is a method for adjusting the Al concentration of a high Si content molten steel.
【０００８】また、本発明は、前記ＳｉＯ2の浮上処理
期間は、脱ガス処理開始から取鍋内の全溶鋼が脱ガス槽
との間で1回環流するに要する時間の７倍であることを
特徴とする高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼のＡｌ濃度調整方法である。Further, according to the present invention, the period during which the SiO 2 is floated is seven times as long as the time required for the entire molten steel in the ladle to flow once to the degassing tank from the start of the degassing process. This is a method for adjusting the Al concentration of molten steel having a high Si content.
【０００９】さらに、本発明は、前記Ａｌ源を、フェロ
アルミニウムとすることを特徴とする高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼の
Ａｌ濃度調整方法である。Further, the present invention is a method for adjusting the Al concentration of a high Si content molten steel, wherein the Al source is ferroaluminum.
【００１０】本発明によれば、溶鋼中に存在するＳｉＯ
2がほとんどスラグに移行してから、Ａｌ源を溶鋼に添
加するようにしたので、ＳｉＯ2に邪魔されることなく
溶鋼中へのＡｌが溶解するようになる。すなわち、Ｓｉ
Ｏ2によるＡｌ酸化を防止したＡｌ添加ができるように
なる。その結果、溶鋼のＡｌ濃度が目標値から狭い範囲
に留まるようになる。According to the present invention, SiO present in molten steel
Since Al was added to the molten steel after most of the Al had shifted to the slag, Al was dissolved in the molten steel without being disturbed by SiO 2 . That is, Si
Al can be added while preventing Al oxidation by O 2 . As a result, the Al concentration of the molten steel is kept within a narrow range from the target value.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、発明をなすに至った経緯を
交え、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the circumstances leading to the invention.
【００１２】まず、ＲＨ真空脱ガス槽を用いた従来の溶
鋼中Ａｌ濃度の調整方法を説明する。First, a conventional method for adjusting the Al concentration in molten steel using an RH vacuum degassing tank will be described.
【００１３】ＲＨ真空脱ガス槽１は、図３に示すよう
に、２本の浸漬管２を介して溶鋼３を吸い上げたり、降
下させて、取鍋４内の溶鋼３を脱ガス槽１と取鍋４間で
環流（循環）し、減圧した雰囲気にある溶鋼３から脱ガ
スする作用をする。その際、溶鋼３の脱炭も行なった
り、あるいは合金源５を添加し、溶鋼３の成分調整も行
なわれる。As shown in FIG. 3, the RH vacuum degassing tank 1 sucks up or lowers the molten steel 3 through two immersion pipes 2 to lower the molten steel 3 in the ladle 4 with the degassing tank 1. It recirculates (circulates) between the ladles 4 and acts to degas from the molten steel 3 in a reduced-pressure atmosphere. At this time, the molten steel 3 is decarburized, or the alloy source 5 is added to adjust the composition of the molten steel 3.
【００１４】高Ｓｉ溶鋼のＡｌ濃度を調整するにも、従
来よりこのＲＨ真空脱ガス槽１が用いられており、転炉
内及び／又は出鋼中に添加されるＳｉ源、脱ガス処理中
に添加されるＡｌ源の順で、溶鋼３に添加されている。
ところが、前記したように、高Ｓｉ含有鋼の場合には、
Ａｌ濃度の狭幅な調整を難しくするという問題が生じて
いた。つまり、方向性電磁鋼板用の溶鋼３とするには、
目標Ａｌ濃度に対して、±１０ｐｐｍの精度で調整する
のが理想であるが、それが達成できていなかった。The RH vacuum degassing tank 1 has been conventionally used to adjust the Al concentration of the high Si molten steel. The Si source added in the converter and / or during the tapping, and the degassing process is performed. Are added to the molten steel 3 in the order of the Al sources added to the steel.
However, as described above, in the case of high Si content steel,
There has been a problem that it is difficult to narrowly adjust the Al concentration. That is, to make molten steel 3 for grain-oriented electrical steel sheets,
Ideally, the target Al concentration is adjusted with an accuracy of ± 10 ppm, but this has not been achieved.
【００１５】そこで、発明者は、その原因について鋭意
研究を行ない、転炉内又は出鋼中に大量に添加されたＳ
ｉがＳｉＯ2として溶鋼３中に存在し、これがＡｌを酸
化する酸素源となってＡｌの添加歩留りを不安定にし、
Ａｌ濃度の狭幅な調整を難しくするという結論を得た。
そして、Ａｌ歩留りが不安定になる原因が溶鋼３中に大
量に存在する珪素介在物であるなら、この介在物を浮上
させた後にＡｌを添加すれば、Ａｌ歩留りは安定すると
考え、真空脱ガス処理中におけるＳｉＯ2浮上のための
浮上処理期間経過後にＡｌ源を添加するようにしたもの
である。また、このＳｉＯ2浮上のための浮上処理期間
は、溶鋼中に懸濁しているＳｉＯ2を分析することで求
められる。つまり、脱ガス処理中の溶鋼サンプリングを
行なってＳｉ濃度が一定の値に安定した時、浮上処理が
完了したとみることができ、この間をＳｉＯ2浮上のた
めの浮上処理期間とするのである。この浮上処理期間
は、使用している脱ガス装置の大きさや能力別処理溶鋼
量毎に予め調査しておくことでも、設定することができ
る。また、ＳｉＯ2浮上に要する浮上処理の時間から設
定することもできる。発明者らは、このＳｉＯ2浮上に
要する浮上処理の時間を調査した。Therefore, the inventor conducted intensive research on the cause, and found that a large amount of S added in the converter or during tapping.
i is present in the molten steel 3 as SiO 2 , which serves as an oxygen source for oxidizing Al, destabilizing the yield of Al addition,
It was concluded that it was difficult to narrowly adjust the Al concentration.
If the cause of instability of the Al yield is a large amount of silicon inclusions present in the molten steel 3, if Al is added after floating the inclusions, it is considered that the Al yield will be stable, and vacuum degassing is performed. The Al source is added after the elapse of the floating processing period for floating the SiO 2 during the processing. Also, floating processing period for this SiO 2 floating is determined by analyzing the SiO 2 suspended in the molten steel. That is, when the molten steel is sampled during the degassing process and the Si concentration is stabilized at a constant value, it can be considered that the levitation process has been completed, and this period is the levitation process period for floating the SiO 2 . The flotation period can also be set by conducting a survey in advance for each size and capacity of the molten steel to be used according to the size and capacity of the degassing device used. In addition, it can be set from the time of the floating process required for floating the SiO 2 . The present inventors have investigated the time required for the floating treatment required for floating the SiO 2 .
【００１６】その調査は、溶鋼３の環流量Ｑを表わす下
記（２）式を用いて、取鍋内の溶鋼３の全量が脱ガス槽
との間で一回の還流をするに要する時間Ｈを（１）式で
求め、環流回数（環流時間の何倍の時間であるか）と溶
鋼中のＳｉ濃度との関係を求めることで行なわれた。得
られた結果を図１に示す。なお、図１で、［Ｓｉ％］は
各時間でのＳｉ濃度であり、［Ｓｉ％］fは処理後の値
である。In the investigation, using the following equation (2) representing the ring flow rate Q of the molten steel 3, the time H required for the entire amount of the molten steel 3 in the ladle to return once to the degassing tank H Was determined by the equation (1), and the relationship between the number of reflux times (how many times the reflux time was) and the Si concentration in the molten steel was determined. The results obtained are shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, [Si%] is the Si concentration at each time, and [Si%] f is the value after the treatment.
【００１７】 Ｈ＝Ｗ／Ｑ ……（１） Ｑ＝（１１．４Ｇ1/3Ｄ4/3（ｌｎＰ1／Ｐ2）1/3）……（２） ここで、Ｈ：全溶鋼が一回の環流に要する時間（分） Ｑ：環流量（トン／分） Ｗ：処理溶鋼の全量（トン） Ｇ：環流ガス量（ノルマルリットル／分） Ｄ：浸漬管の内径（メートル） Ｐ1：大気圧力（ａｔｍ） Ｐ2：槽内圧力（ａｔｍ） ＳｉＯ2介在物もＳｉとして分析されるため、図１よ
り、脱ガス処理の開始から溶鋼を７回還流（（７×Ｈ）
分後）すれば、溶鋼３中のＳｉ濃度に変化がなくなる。
このことは、、溶鋼３中のＳｉＯ2がほぼ全量浮上し、
スラグ７にトラップされたことを意味している。H = W / Q (1) Q = (11.4G 1/3 D 4/3 (InP 1 / P 2 ) 1/3 ) (2) where H: all molten steel Time required for one reflux (minutes) Q: Ring flow rate (tons / minute) W: Total amount of treated molten steel (tons) G: reflux gas amount (normal liters / minute) D: Inner diameter of immersion tube (meters) P 1 : Atmospheric pressure (atm) P 2 : Pressure in tank (atm) Since SiO 2 inclusions are also analyzed as Si, from FIG. 1, molten steel is refluxed seven times from the start of degassing treatment ((7 × H)).
(After one minute), the Si concentration in the molten steel 3 does not change.
This means that almost all of the SiO 2 in the molten steel 3 floated,
This means that the slag 7 has been trapped.
【００１８】従って、発明者は、溶鋼が７回環流した状
態になってからＡｌ源を溶鋼に添加すれば、溶鋼のＡｌ
濃度は目標値から大きく変動することはないと考え、こ
の考えを本発明としたのである。Therefore, the inventor of the present invention has proposed that if the Al source is added to the molten steel after the molten steel has circulated seven times, the Al
It is considered that the concentration does not largely fluctuate from the target value, and this idea is regarded as the present invention.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】方向性電磁鋼板を製造するため、Ｃ：０．０
３〜０．１０重量％、Ｓｉ：１．５〜５．０重量％、Ｍ
ｎ：０．０４〜０．１５重量％を含む高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼
を、図３に示したＲＨ真空脱ガス槽１で溶製した。１回
の溶製で処理した溶鋼量Ｗは１９０トンであり、予め転
炉（図示せず）から出鋼した前記溶鋼１９０トンを取鍋
４に装入し、該取鍋４をＲＨ真空脱ガス槽１にセットし
た。直ちに、ＲＨ真空脱ガス槽１の内部雰囲気を４０ｔ
ｏｒｒに減圧し、環流ガス６を流して溶鋼３を脱ガス槽
１に吸引し、環流を開始した。その後は、作業者がコン
ピュータにより前記（１）〜（２）式に基き、環流時間
Ｈを求め、脱ガス開始からの経過時間が７Ｈを超えてか
ら、フェロアルミを８２０ｋｇ／ｍｉｎで溶鋼面上に投
入した。なお、目標Ａｌ濃度は、０．０１０〜０．０３
０ｗｔ％の範囲で、処理毎に変更した。EXAMPLE To produce a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, C: 0.0
3 to 0.10% by weight, Si: 1.5 to 5.0% by weight, M
A molten steel containing high Si containing n: 0.04 to 0.15% by weight was melted in the RH vacuum degassing tank 1 shown in FIG. The amount W of molten steel processed in one smelting process is 190 tons, and 190 tons of the molten steel previously drawn from a converter (not shown) is charged into the ladle 4, and the ladle 4 is evacuated by RH vacuum. It was set in the gas tank 1. Immediately, the atmosphere inside the RH vacuum degassing tank 1 was
The pressure was reduced to orr, the reflux gas 6 was flown, and the molten steel 3 was sucked into the degassing tank 1 to start reflux. Thereafter, the operator obtains the reflux time H by a computer based on the above formulas (1) and (2), and after the elapsed time from the start of degassing exceeds 7H, ferroaluminum is applied at 820 kg / min on the molten steel surface. It was put in. The target Al concentration is 0.010 to 0.03.
Within the range of 0 wt%, it was changed for each treatment.
【００２０】かかる操業で得た溶鋼３の実績Ａｌ濃度と
目標値と差を、その出現度数割合で図２に示す。なお、
図２には、比較のため従来の方法での操業結果も示して
ある。図２より、本発明によれば、溶鋼３中のＡｌ濃度
が目標値に対して±１０ｐｐｍで調整されたことが明ら
かである。また、脱ガス処理後の溶鋼中のＮ濃度は、１
００ｐｐｍであり、ＡｌＮを形成するに十分な量であっ
た。FIG. 2 shows the difference between the actual Al concentration and the target value of the molten steel 3 obtained by the above operation in terms of the appearance frequency ratio. In addition,
FIG. 2 also shows the operation results of the conventional method for comparison. It is apparent from FIG. 2 that according to the present invention, the Al concentration in the molten steel 3 was adjusted to ± 10 ppm with respect to the target value. The N concentration in the molten steel after the degassing treatment is 1
00 ppm, which was sufficient to form AlN.
【００２１】上記実施例では、溶鋼として電磁鋼板用の
ものを使用したが、本発明はそれに限らず、高Ｓｉであ
れば如何なる鋼材の溶鋼にも適用できることは言うまで
もない。In the above embodiment, the molten steel used for the electromagnetic steel sheet is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to any steel material having a high Si.
【００２２】[0022]
【発明の効果】以上述べたように、本発明により、高Ｓ
ｉ含有溶鋼のＡｌ濃度が狭い範囲で調整できるようにな
る。その結果、高磁気密度、低鉄損特性に優れた方向性
電磁鋼板が安定して製造できるようになった。As described above, according to the present invention, a high S
The Al concentration of the i-containing molten steel can be adjusted within a narrow range. As a result, a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in high magnetic density and low iron loss characteristics can be stably manufactured.
【図１】溶鋼の脱ガス処理期間（溶鋼全量の１回還流時
間の何倍であるか）と溶鋼中Ｓｉ濃度との関係を示す図
である。FIG. 1 is a view showing a relationship between a degassing treatment period of a molten steel (how many times a single reflux time of the entire molten steel) and a Si concentration in the molten steel.
【図２】本発明に係るＡｌ濃度調整方法と従来方法での
Ａｌ濃度の的中精度を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the accuracy of the Al concentration adjustment method according to the present invention and the accuracy of the Al concentration in the conventional method.
【図３】ＲＨ真空脱ガス槽を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an RH vacuum degassing tank.
１ ＲＨ真空脱ガス槽 ２ 浸漬管 ３ 溶鋼 ４ 取鍋 ５ 合金源 ６ 環流ガス ７ スラグ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 RH vacuum degassing tank 2 Immersion pipe 3 Molten steel 4 Ladle 5 Alloy source 6 Reflux gas 7 Slag
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 4K013 AA00 BA07 BA16 CE01 CF13 DA03 DA08 DA12 EA19 EA32 FA02 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4K013 AA00 BA07 BA16 CE01 CF13 DA03 DA08 DA12 EA19 EA32 FA02
Claims (3)
ｉ含有溶鋼をＲＨ真空脱ガス槽で溶製するに際して、 脱ガス処理により溶鋼中のＳｉＯ2の浮上を図る浮上処
理期間の経過後に、Ａｌ源を溶鋼に添加することを特徴
とする高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼のＡｌ濃度調整方法。1. High S containing 1.5 to 5.0% by weight of Si
In the i-containing molten steel is melted in a RH vacuum degassing vessel, after a floating processing period to reduce the floating of SiO 2 in the molten steel by degassing, high Si content, characterized in that the addition of Al source molten steel Method for adjusting Al concentration in molten steel.
処理開始から取鍋内の全溶鋼が脱ガス槽との間で１回環
流するに要する時間の７倍であることを特徴とする請求
項１記載の高Ｓｉ含有溶鋼のＡｌ濃度調整方法。 2. The period of the SiO 2 floating treatment is seven times as long as the time required from the start of the degassing treatment to the time when all the molten steel in the ladle flows to the degassing tank once. The method for adjusting the Al concentration of molten steel having a high Si content according to claim 1.
ることを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の高Ｓｉ含有溶
鋼のＡｌ濃度調整方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Al source is ferroaluminum.
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| JP24313199A JP3855553B2 (en) | 1999-08-30 | 1999-08-30 | Al concentration adjustment method for high Si content molten steel |
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| JP24313199A JP3855553B2 (en) | 1999-08-30 | 1999-08-30 | Al concentration adjustment method for high Si content molten steel |
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| JP3855553B2 JP3855553B2 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001094648A2 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-13 | Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. | High-cleanliness steel and process for producing the same |
| GB2406580A (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2005-04-06 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-cleanliness steel and processes for producing the same |
| US8043962B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2011-10-25 | Hynix Semiconductor Inc. | Metal wire for a semiconductor device formed with a metal layer without voids therein and a method for forming the same |
| JP2015501382A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2015-01-15 | 宝山鋼鉄股▲分▼有限公司 | Smelting method of high aluminum low silicon ultra pure ferritic stainless steel |
-
1999
- 1999-08-30 JP JP24313199A patent/JP3855553B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001094648A2 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-13 | Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. | High-cleanliness steel and process for producing the same |
| FR2812663A1 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2002-02-08 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | HIGH-CLEAN STEEL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
| WO2001094648A3 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2002-08-08 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-cleanliness steel and process for producing the same |
| GB2381537A (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2003-05-07 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-cleanliness steel and process for producing the same |
| GB2406580A (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2005-04-06 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-cleanliness steel and processes for producing the same |
| GB2406580B (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2005-09-07 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-cleanliness steel and process for producing the same |
| GB2381537B (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2005-09-14 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | High-cleanliness steel and process for producing the same |
| US7396378B2 (en) | 2000-06-05 | 2008-07-08 | Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. | Process for producing a high cleanliness steel |
| US8043962B2 (en) | 2006-12-28 | 2011-10-25 | Hynix Semiconductor Inc. | Metal wire for a semiconductor device formed with a metal layer without voids therein and a method for forming the same |
| JP2015501382A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2015-01-15 | 宝山鋼鉄股▲分▼有限公司 | Smelting method of high aluminum low silicon ultra pure ferritic stainless steel |
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