JP2001040785A - Ventilation structure for building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To keep the thermal environment of an attic space in a satisfactory state by forming a first ventilation path communicating upward from the underfloor portion of a building through an outer wall member with the upper and lower parts and a second ventilation path communicating with the outdoor through a roof member without passing through the attic space. SOLUTION: A first ventilation path P1 communicating upward from the underfloor portion 1 of a building B1 through an outer wall panel 2 and a second ventilation path P2 communicating with outdoor through a roof panel 7 without passing through an attic space 9 are formed in this ventilation structure. The air inside the panels 2, 7 is heated by solar radiation and room temperature to the temperature somewhat higher than that of the air of the underfloor portion 1, it is moved upward and discharged outdoors, then air is sucked from the underfloor portion 1 and ventilated through the ventilation paths P1, P2. Since the ventilation paths P1, P2 do not pass through the attic space 9, the thermal environment of the attic space 9 can be kept in a satisfactory state by using a high-performance heat insulating material for the panel 7, for example.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure for maintaining an indoor thermal environment and a moisture environment of a component in a favorable state by allowing ventilation to be provided along a component of the building. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with an increase in awareness of environmental issues such as global warming, consideration for energy saving has been increasingly regarded in the field of construction.
According to the new energy conservation standards for houses revised in 1992,
Reference values such as the heat loss coefficient of a building for the purpose of reducing energy consumption are shown, and it is required to reduce the cooling and heating load by improving the heat insulation performance and airtightness of the building.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, there has been proposed a method of improving the indoor thermal environment by providing ventilation along the outer wall of a building.
In the example shown in FIG.
An air passage P11 communicating with the inside of the cabin back 109 is provided, and a fan 119 for discharging air from the inside of the cabin back 109 is provided. In this ventilation structure, the air in the outer wall panel 102 heated by the solar radiation or the room temperature rises through the ventilation path P11 and the hut 109 as the air in the hut 109 is forcibly discharged by the fan 119. Exhausted and relatively cool below the floor 10
1 circulates in the ventilation path P11.

According to the above ventilation structure, the ventilation in the ventilation path P11 improves the heat shielding effect on the outer wall and reduces the insolation load, which is effective in energy saving. In addition, the outer wall panel 1
Since 02 is kept in a dry state, there is an advantage that deterioration of the outer wall panel 102 due to moisture is suppressed.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to develop the above-described ventilation structure, and an object of the present invention is to improve the thermal environment in the back of a cabin and to improve indoor space. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ventilation structure that can more effectively use the ventilation structure.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ventilation structure for a building, wherein the ventilation is provided along a component of the building. A ventilating structure for maintaining the thermal environment or the moisture environment of the component members in a favorable state, comprising: a first ventilation path that extends upward from below the floor of the building through an outer wall component; and the first ventilation path, A second ventilation path is formed to pass through the roof component and to the outside without passing through the hut.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the ventilation structure for a building according to the first aspect, wherein the outer wall constituting member has a structure formed by a horizontal bar and a vertical bar. A wall that penetrates the outer wall component vertically by providing a gap inside the frame and providing a gap in the horizontal rail so as to communicate with the gap. It is characterized in that a body air passage is formed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ventilation structure for a building according to the first or second aspect, wherein the roof constituting member comprises a horizontal bar and a vertical bar. Is provided with a heat insulating material or the like inside thereof, and a gap is provided inside the frame body and a gap is provided in the cross rail so as to communicate with the gap, whereby the roof constituent member is moved in the roof flow direction. It is characterized in that a ventilation passage in the roof is formed therethrough.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the ventilation structure for a building according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein an eaves girder is provided on the outer wall constituting member.
A gap is provided inside the eaves girder, and the first ventilation path and the second ventilation path communicate with each other via the gap without passing through the outside of the eaves girder. Things.

[0010] In the present invention, the "structural members of a building" include any of the structural members of an outer wall such as an outer wall panel and the structural members of a roof such as a roof panel.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a ventilation structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ventilation structure shown in the figure has a structure in which a first ventilation path P1 and a second ventilation path P2 are provided in a building B1.

As shown in FIG. 1, the first ventilation path P1
It communicates upward from the underfloor 1 of the building B1 via the outer wall panel 2. A vent 1a is provided at the upper end of the foundation 3 of the building B1 so that outdoor air can be introduced into the underfloor 1 through the vent 1a. A partition plate 1b is provided at an upper portion of the indoor side portion of the ventilation port 1a to separate the portion, and the air in the underfloor 1 is guided above the foundation 3 through the partition plate 1b. It has become. In this structure, it is difficult to mix the air by utilizing the difference in specific gravity due to the temperature difference between the outdoor air and the air in the underfloor 1.

A base 4 is provided on the foundation 3, and the base 4 is provided with a cavity 4 a extending in an L-shaped cross section along the bottom surface and the outdoor side surface, and is guided above the foundation 3. The air is guided further upward through the gap 4a.

The outer wall panel 2 is provided on the base 4. The outer wall panel 2 has a structure in which a heat insulating material 22 and the like are loaded inside a frame constituted by a horizontal bar 21 and a vertical bar (not shown), and a base material 23 is attached to the surface. A gap 24 is provided between the heat insulating material 22 and the base material 23 inside the frame body.
A gap 21a is provided in the horizontal rail 21 so as to communicate with the space. The gap 24 and the cavity 21a form an air passage in the wall that penetrates the outer wall panel 2 in the vertical direction. The air guided above the base 4 is further guided upward through the ventilation passage in the wall.

The gap 24 in the outer wall panel 2 is provided with means for holding the gap 24 substantially hollow. In the example shown here, an uneven sheet material 25 as shown in FIG. 3 is inserted as such means. The concavo-convex sheet material 25 is obtained by molding a resin into a thin sheet having a concavo-convex shape, and frustoconical protrusions 25a protruding toward one surface side are spaced apart from each other. A large number of holes 25b are formed by piercing the tops of the projections 25a and the plane portions between the projections 25a. Since the uneven sheet material 25 is inserted between the heat insulating material 22 and the base material 23, the heat insulating material 22 is held at a position spaced from the base material 23. It is not closed by the material 22. At this time, as described above, since the large number of protrusions 25a of the uneven sheet material 25 are formed at intervals from each other, the gap 24 is not closed by the uneven sheet material 25 itself, It is kept substantially hollow.

As means for holding the gap 24 in the outer wall panel 2 in a substantially hollow state, other than the above, for example, a heat insulating material having a shape retaining property obtained by molding urethane or the like may be used. Various methods such as a method in which a groove is provided in the heat insulating material to provide a gap in the groove, or a method in which a large number of protrusions are provided on the surface of a heat insulating material having similar shape retaining properties to provide a gap between the protrusions, A method is possible.

As shown in FIG. 1, an eaves girder 5 is provided on the outer wall panel 2, and a notch 5a is provided at a lower end of the eaves girder 5 on the outdoor side. Is guided out of the notch 5a to the outside. The eaves side behind the eaves girder 5 is an eaves back space 6. The eaves back space 6 is formed between an upper roof and a lower eaves ceiling 61, and this portion is a double eaves front.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second ventilation path P2 communicates with the outside from the first ventilation path P1 via the roof panel 7 without passing through the cabin back. The structure of the roof panel 7 is basically the same as that of the outer wall panel 2 except that a vertical bar (not shown) is a member corresponding to a rafter, and the surface of the roof panel is used as a roof base material. 7
3 is attached. As in the case of the outer wall panel 2, the roof panel 7 is provided with a gap 74 inside the frame body and by providing a gap in a horizontal rail (not shown) so as to communicate with the gap 74. An air passage in the roof penetrating the roof panel 7 in the roof flow direction is formed. As shown in FIG. 1, the air flowing out of the notch 5a of the eaves girder 5 flows into the roof air passage of the roof panel 7 through the eaves back space 6, and is guided upward along the roof flow surface. You.

At the ridge of building B1, as shown in FIG.
A ventilation tower 8 is provided. The ventilation tower 8 has a plurality of partition plates 82 alternately arranged on both sides inside a jacket 81 which extends to both sides along the roof flow surface and covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the ventilation tower 8. Thus, the meandering air passage 8a is formed. The air flowing out from the upper end of the roof panel 7 flows into the ventilation tower 8,
At the ceiling portion of the ventilation tower 8 and meandering through the meandering ventilation passage 8a to flow out from the lower surface of the ventilation tower 8 to the outside. By adopting a configuration in which the air is discharged through the meandering ventilation path 8a as described above, it is possible to prevent the inflow of rain or the like from the outside. A mesh member 83 is provided on the lower surface of the ventilation tower 8 at the exit of the meandering ventilation passage 8a, so that small animals, insects, dust and the like can be prevented from entering from outside. I have.

In the above ventilation structure, the first ventilation path P which extends upward from the floor 1 of the building B1 via the outer wall panel 2 is provided.
1 and a second ventilation path P from the first ventilation path P1 to the outside via the roof panel 7 without passing through the hut back 9
2 and the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7
When heated by solar radiation or room temperature, the air inside becomes warmer to some extent than the air inside the underfloor 1, moves upward and is discharged outside, and the air is sucked in from the underfloor 1 accordingly. You. Thereby, the first ventilation path P1 and the second ventilation path P1
, That is, along the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7 which are components of the building B1.

At this time, since the ventilation uses the temperature difference between the air inside the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7 and the air inside the underfloor 1 as energy, the situation varies depending on the time of day, night, weather, season and the like. Repeat, promote and stagnate. When the ventilation is promoted, the wood portion and the heat insulating material of the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7 are dehumidified and dried, while when the ventilation is stopped, the wood portion and the heat insulating material absorb moisture. By repeating this moisture release and moisture absorption, the moisture environment in the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7 is controlled to a good dry state to the extent that no internal condensation occurs.

In the summer, the ventilation is performed as described above, so that the general average wind speed is about 10 to 20%.
Can be cut off by the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7, and energy can be expected to be saved by reducing the solar radiation load.

On the other hand, in winter, since the temperature difference is small, the ventilation is appropriately controlled, so that the heat loss due to the ventilation is suppressed to a level that does not cause a problem. The provision of the ventilation passages P1 and P2 in the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7 causes a difference in heat flow resistance. However, this difference does not significantly affect the heat insulation performance by experiments at general wind speed. ing. Furthermore, although the ventilation rate is small in winter night and large in summer daytime, the outside air is dryer in winter than in summer and the air in the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7 is increased regardless of the ventilation rate. Since the temperature rises when heated, the moisture release effect tends to be large.

The amount of air flowing through the ventilation paths P1 and P2 is such that it is difficult to easily burn wood.

Further, since the ventilation paths P1 and P2 can be easily provided by piercing the frame, base 4, eaves girder 5 and the like constituting the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7, the initial cost can be reduced. Can be set low. Furthermore, since it can be a passive system that ventilates only by natural energy due to temperature difference,
This is more advantageous in terms of energy saving and can eliminate running costs.

Further, in the above ventilation structure, since the ventilation paths P1 and P2 do not pass through the inside of the cabin 9, the thermal environment inside the cabin 9 can be maintained in a favorable state. That is, since the air heated by the solar radiation or the room temperature is discharged outside through the roof panel 7 without passing through the hut 9, for example, a high-performance heat insulating material for the roof panel 7 is used. By using (for example, urethane heat insulating material having a thickness of 75 mm), the thermal environment of the cabin 9 is less affected by the heated air, and thus is kept in a good condition.

In addition, in the ventilation structure,
The outer wall panel 2 is configured by loading a heat insulating material 22 or the like inside a frame formed by the horizontal bar 21 and the vertical bar, providing a gap 24 inside the frame, and connecting the horizontal so as to communicate with the gap 24. By providing the gap 21a in the crosspiece 21, a ventilation passage in the wall penetrating the outer wall panel 2 in the up-down direction is formed. By using the outer wall panel 2, the first wall can be easily formed on the outer wall of the building. The ventilation path P1 can be formed.

Further, in the above ventilation structure, the roof panel 7 is constituted by loading a heat insulating material or the like inside a frame composed of a horizontal beam and a vertical beam, providing a gap 74 inside the frame, By providing a gap in the cross rail so as to communicate with the gap 74, a ventilation passage in the roof that penetrates the roof panel 7 in the roof flow direction is formed. The second ventilation path P2 can be easily formed in the roof portion of.

Various changes can be made to the ventilation structure. For example, as the outer wall panel 2 and the roof panel 7, various structures other than those exemplified above can be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, an outer wall panel 102 provided with a ventilation path P11 at a position closer to the indoor side can be used. Furthermore, the ventilation structure of the present invention can be applied to a building in which the outer wall and the roof are configured without using the outer wall panel and the roof panel as described above. That is, for example, even when each member such as an exterior material, a base material, and a heat insulating material is respectively constructed on site, the ventilation structure of the present invention can be configured by providing a ventilation path at an appropriate position. is there.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, the first ventilation path P1 and the second ventilation path P2 may be directly connected without passing through the eaves back space 6. In the example shown in FIG.
An obstruction plate 11 is disposed at an interval between the eaves girder 5 and the roof panel 7 at an eaves end side, and air flows from the first air passage P1 to the second air passage P2 through the inside of the obstruction plate 11. It is supposed to.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, for example, a space 50a is provided inside the eaves girder 5 so that the first ventilation path P1 and the second ventilation path P2 do not pass through the outside of the eaves girder 5. The void 5
The communication may be performed via 0a. In the example shown in the figure, a gap 50a extending in the vertical direction is provided inside the eave tip side surface of the eave girder 5, and the air guided above the outer wall panel 2 passes through the gap 50a. It is designed to be guided into the roof panel 7. In the example shown here, the eaves back space 6 is opened without being a double eaves front,
The eaves side surface of the eaves girder 5 is covered with the upper end of the outer wall finishing material 20, and an eaves top material 62 is provided on the back side of the eaves. Further, the air guided upward from the gap 50a of the eaves girder 5 is directly guided into the roof panel 7, but after passing through the roof inner portion 75 on the eaves front side from the roof panel 7. It may be configured to be guided into the roof panel 7.

According to the ventilation structure shown in FIG.
The first ventilation path P1 and the second ventilation path P2 can be more reliably communicated, and the air guided above the outer wall panel 2 can be more reliably guided into the roof panel 7. .

The exhaust structure at the ridge of the building B1 may be, for example, as shown in FIG. In the example shown in the figure, the ventilation tower as described above is not provided in the ridge portion, and the air is exhausted from an exhaust port (not shown) arranged at an appropriate position such as a wall near both ends of the ridge. It has become so.

Further, for example, a hole may be provided in the ground surface in the underfloor 1. This hole can be, for example, the same as in the example shown in FIG. In the example shown in the figure, the surface of the ground 111 in the underfloor 101 has a depth of, for example, about 50 to 100 cm, and 1/15 of the floor area.
A vertical hole 112 having an area of about 9/10 is formed, thereby increasing the surface area of the ground 111. Since the ground 111 has a lower temperature than the outside air,
The air introduced into the inside of the ground 111 is cooled by the ground 111, but as the surface area of the ground 111 is increased as described above, the cooling of the air is more effectively performed. .

Further, for example, a moisture-proof laying material may be laid on the ground surface in the underfloor 1. This laying material can be the same as that of the example shown in FIG. 7, for example. In the example shown in the figure, on the surface of the ground 111 in the underfloor 101 including the surface of the hole 112, a high thermal conductive and highly moisture-proof laying material 113 such as an aluminum foil or an aluminum vapor-deposited vinyl chloride sheet is laid. Thereby, moisture evaporating from the ground 111 is not diffused into the air, and the air passage P
In this case, the rise in humidity of the air flowing through the space 11 can be suppressed, and at this time, the cooling effect of the air is not hindered by the thermal conductivity of the covering material 113.

Further, for example, a configuration may be adopted in which a fan is installed at an appropriate position in the ventilation paths P1 and P2 such as the ventilation tower 8 and the like, whereby forced ventilation can be performed (not shown). In the present invention, as described above, it is basically possible to perform ventilation only by natural energy due to a temperature difference, but by adding a fan as described above, auxiliary ventilation is performed by forced ventilation. You can also do so.

[0037]

As described above, according to the ventilation structure for a building according to the first aspect of the present invention, the first ventilation path which extends upward from below the floor of the building through the outer wall constituting member, and Since the ventilation path and the second ventilation path that leads to the outside through the roof component without passing through the back of the hut, the ventilation is performed along the outer wall component and the roof component that are the components of the building, The heat shielding effect of the member is improved, and the indoor thermal environment is maintained in a favorable state. Therefore, energy can be saved by reducing the cooling and heating load. In addition, the outer wall component and the roof component are appropriately released or absorbed, so that the moisture environment is maintained in a favorable state. Therefore, the deterioration of the outer wall component and the roof component is suppressed.

At this time, the air heated by the solar radiation or the room temperature is discharged to the outside through the roof component without passing through the hut, whereby the thermal environment inside the hut becomes A good condition is maintained without being affected by the heated air. Therefore, the back of the hut can be suitably used not only as a storage space or the like but also as a living space, and accordingly, it is possible to increase the living space volume of the building.

In addition, according to the ventilation structure for a building according to the second aspect of the present invention, the outer wall constituting member is configured by loading a heat insulating material or the like into a frame formed of a horizontal rail and a vertical rail. By providing a gap inside the frame and providing a gap in the horizontal rail so as to communicate with the gap, a ventilation passage in the wall penetrating the outer wall component vertically is formed. By using the outer wall component, the first ventilation path can be easily formed in the outer wall of the building.

In addition, according to the ventilation structure for a building according to the third aspect of the present invention, the roof component is formed by loading a heat insulating material or the like into a frame composed of a horizontal rail and a vertical rail. Then, by providing a gap inside the frame and providing a gap in the horizontal rail so as to communicate with the gap, a roof body ventilation passage penetrating the roof component in the roof flow direction was formed. By using the roof component,
The second ventilation path can be easily formed in the roof of the building.

In addition, according to the ventilation structure for a building according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, an eaves girder is provided on the outer wall constituent member, and a void portion is provided inside the eaves girder. Since the first ventilation path and the second ventilation path are communicated through the gap without passing through the outside of the eaves girder, the first ventilation path and the second ventilation path can be more reliably communicated. Thus, the air guided above the outer wall component can be more reliably guided into the roof component.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away schematic partial sectional view showing a ventilation structure of a building according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic partial sectional view showing the vicinity of a ridge of the building in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic partial perspective view showing an uneven sheet material.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of a communication structure between a first ventilation path and a second ventilation path.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the communication structure between the first ventilation path and the second ventilation path.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of the exhaust structure in the ridge of the building.

FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a conventional ventilation structure of a building.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Below floor 2 Exterior wall panel (outer wall component) 7 Roof panel (roof component) 9 Back of hut P1 First ventilation path P2 Second ventilation path B1 Building

Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2E001 DB02 DH16 EA09 FA04 FA12 FA21 FA22 FA35 GA16 GA17 GA18 GA22 GA24 GA32 HB04 HD03 HD11 HD13 HF11 NA03 NA07 NB01 NC01 ND01 ND12 ND13 ND15 ND24 ND26 ND28

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A ventilation structure for maintaining an indoor thermal environment or a moisture environment of said components in a favorable condition by allowing ventilation to be provided along the components of the building, wherein the ventilation system is provided from below the floor of the building to the outer wall. A first ventilation path that communicates upward through the component, and a second ventilation path that communicates with the outside from the first ventilation path via the roof component without going through the hut back. The ventilation structure of the building characterized by. 2. The outer wall constituting member is configured by loading a heat insulating material or the like inside a frame body composed of a horizontal rail and a vertical rail, so as to provide a gap inside the frame body and communicate with the gap. 2. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1, wherein an air passage in the wall penetrating the outer wall component in the up-down direction is formed by providing a gap portion in the horizontal rail. 3. The roof component is configured by loading a heat insulating material or the like inside a frame composed of a horizontal beam and a vertical beam, providing a gap inside the frame and communicating with the gap. The ventilation structure for a building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an air passage in the roof penetrating the roof component in the roof flow direction is formed by providing a gap in the horizontal rail. 4. An eaves girder is provided on the outer wall constituent member, and a void portion is provided inside the eaves girder, and the first ventilation path and the second ventilation path are provided outside the eaves girder. The ventilation structure for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ventilation structure is communicated through the gap without passing through.