JP2000197877A - Method and apparatus for treating particulate material to which pollutant is adhered - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To finely divide a particulate material to which a pollutant such as polluted soil or incineration ash is adhered and to efficiently separate the pollutant to remove the same. SOLUTION: A particulate material to which a pollutant is adhered is coarsely crushed and finely divided by a primary fine grinder 11 and mutual rubbing force between particles is allowed to act on the particulate material, finely divided by the first fine grinder, by a secondary fine-grinder 12 of which the treatment gap is narrower than that of the first fine grinder 11 to mutually polish the particles by the mutual friction between particles to separate a pollutant such as heavy metals or dioxins strongly adhered to particles.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for reducing the size of a granular material to which contaminants such as contaminated soil and incineration ash are attached, and for reducing the weight of heavy metals and dioxins attached to the surface of the granular material. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for releasing contaminants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, combustible materials such as garbage that cannot be recycled are mainly incinerated in a stoker-type incinerator or a fluidized-bed incinerator, carried out as incinerated ash to a waste disposal site and buried. The actual incineration ash contains metal scraps, glass or pottery shards, earth and sand, etc., which are incinerated with the above combustibles.
Various metals, silica, alumina, lime, etc. are mixed.
Such incinerated ash has a large amount of waste, and heavy metals and harmful substances such as dioxin generated in the incineration process adhere to the incinerated ash. The establishment of a reuse technology is desired. Methods to render harmful heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium contained in incinerated ash harmless include (1) melt solidification, (2)
Cement hardening, (3) chemical treatment, (4) stabilization with acid or other solvent, (5) carbonation treatment, (6) water washing. Of these, the most reliable method is the solidification of (1), which is a method of melting incinerated ash at a high temperature of about 1500 ° C or higher and then discarding it at a waste disposal site or pulverizing it and reusing it as fine particles. This processing method is currently in practical use. In this treatment method, since the heavy metals are sealed in the melt, it is said that the heavy metals do not elute even if the melt contacts water.
The cement solidification of (2) has a fatal disadvantage that the amount of waste increases because cement is put into incinerated ash. In addition, the incineration ash treated by the incorporation of cement has a high alkalinity and has a high risk of elution of lead and the like. In the chemical treatment of (3), pH adjustment is important, but it is difficult to adjust the pH because the substances contained in the incineration ash are not constant and various, and if it is inappropriate, there is no effect of adding the chemical, so it is questionable. Have been. The stabilization of (4) with an acid or other solvent is carried out in a state in which heavy metals remain, so that it is difficult to prevent elution over a long period of time. The carbonation treatment of (5) is difficult to maintain and, furthermore, impractical due to the complicated equipment. (6) water washing
It is said that heavy metals can be removed relatively easily if the environment does not become acidic due to acid rain, but the effect has only been confirmed with powdered fly ash. Sufficient effects cannot be expected on heavy metals and dioxins adhering to granular materials in a state of aggregate. Further, in the above-mentioned melt-solidification, since the processing temperature of incinerated ash is high, dioxins can be decomposed by thermal decomposition, and at present, this melt-solidification treatment is said to be the most effective. This melting and solidification is the mainstream of incineration ash processing methods.

[0003] However, in the long run, the possibility of elution of heavy metals contained in the melt buried in the disposal site cannot be denied even in the case of melt solidification. In addition, melt solidification requires large equipment such as a melting furnace to melt incinerated ash at a high temperature, and requires a large amount of fuel. There is a point.

On the other hand, in recent years, it has been considered that soil near factories such as chemical factories and metal refining factories is contaminated with heavy metals, organic chlorine compounds, oily components, and the like. In addition, the treatment of the soil on the beach contaminated with crude oil spilled into the sea due to a marine accident or the excavated soil carried out due to the excavation of the tunnel on the ground where crude oil exists is difficult because the crude oil adheres to it. There are often. Further, the soil (contaminated soil) to which the pollutant in question is attached includes the soil contaminated by the incineration ash. For such contaminated soil, the above contaminants are removed and stone, sand,
It is desired to establish a technique for extracting and reusing fine particles and the like.

In general, it is said that dioxins adhering to incinerated ash are relatively strongly attached to the surface of granular material having a size of 2 mm or less in the incinerated ash. Therefore, if the particulate matter having a size of 5 mm or more in the incinerated ash is classified and treated to remove dioxins adhering relatively weakly to the surface of the particulate matter, the particulate matter is considered to be harmless and reusable. Can be However, there is a method of separating incinerated ash in which the granular materials are in a state of aggregate without destruction of the individual granular materials, or from a granular material of 2 mm or less having relatively strong adhesion of dioxins. A method of releasing dioxins has not been proposed to the knowledge of the inventors. Furthermore, since incinerated ash has a soft structure, it is not only difficult to remove dioxins adhering to the incinerated ash with a general crusher, but also, for example, when the incinerated ash is pulverized using a ball mill or the like, The granular material is also finely divided, and the granular material to which dioxins are attached cannot be separated, but it becomes difficult to reduce the volume. In the contaminated soil, although there are few portions where the granular materials are in the aggregated state, the pollutants such as heavy metals and oily substances attached to the granular materials have extremely small particle diameters. Similarly to the conventional crusher, it is difficult not only to remove the contaminant, but also the soil particles of the contaminated soil are finely divided, and it becomes difficult to separate the contaminant.

[0006] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-164363 discloses that dredged soil containing gravel, clay, etc., is not crushed.
There is disclosed a crusher for removing an acute angle portion of a stone or the like in a dredged soil and crushing a lump of earth or sand. FIG. 9 (a),
(B) is a figure which shows the structure of this crusher 10, (a) is a side view, (b) is AA sectional drawing of (a).
The crusher 10 is attached to the inner peripheral surface along the axial direction, and has a cylindrical rotary drum 6 having a plurality of outer blades 6W protruding in the center direction. A rotor 7 having a plurality of inner blades 7W protruding from the rotary drum 6 and eccentrically mounted inside the rotary drum 6.
The ring gear 6a provided on the outer periphery of the rotating drum 6 is rotated by the motor 8 and the rotating shaft 7a attached to the rotor 7 is rotated in the opposite directions by the driving mechanism 7b. The above-mentioned materials are subjected to compression and shear stress to crush the above-mentioned materials, or the crushed materials are polished by mutual friction between the crushed materials. The crushing process by the crusher 10 is performed in a dry or wet manner when grinding crushed stones, and when the sand is reduced into fine particles such as dredged soil including gravel and clay, the crushed water is added to the input material. While doing. The magnitude of the stress acting on the input material is adjusted mainly by the distance between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 (the eccentricity of the rotor 7) and the respective rotational speeds of the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7.

[0007]

However, in the above-mentioned crushing machine 10, although an example of crushing dredged soil including gravels and stones is disclosed, organic sources such as garbage and combustibles are burned. Agglomerated granules such as incineration ash,
There is no suggestion about a method of separating the above-mentioned granules without destroying them, or a method of separating heavy metals and dioxins adhering to the granules in the incineration ash to make the incineration ash harmless. Furthermore, in the crushing machine 10, when the treatment material is a contaminated soil to which a highly viscous contaminant such as carbon or an oily substance is adhered, or when heavy metals as the contaminant strongly adhere to individual granules, In such a case, it has been difficult to effectively remove contaminants attached to the particles. In addition, since the conventional process of crushing the dredged soil is only one process, the treatment efficiency is not good when the target is a granular material to which contaminants such as incineration ash and contaminated soil are attached.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems, and is intended to reduce the size of particulate matter to which contaminants such as contaminated soil and incinerated ash are attached and to efficiently separate the contaminants. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants that can be removed are attached.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating particulate matter to which contaminants are attached, wherein the particulate matter to which contaminants are attached is charged into a treatment space, and water is added thereto.
By applying the force of compression and rubbing between granules,
A step of separating the granules into independent granules and a step of refining the granules by a granulating means for separating contaminants adhering to the surface of the granules; A method for treating a body, wherein the stress acting on the granules is sequentially increased in the fine-graining step. Specifically, first, a compressive stress is applied to the granules to which the contaminant added is attached. To separate the granules to which the aggregated contaminants having a large number of granules adhered into the substantially independent granules without destroying the granules, and to refine the granules (hereinafter referred to as “fine granules”). , A crushing process), and then increase the stress applied to the granules, and mainly apply the force of rubbing between the granules to the refined granules. To achieve mutual polishing by friction between granular materials. Align, processing for separating the contaminants adhering to the surface of the granules (hereinafter, peptizing process) is a method of treating granulate contaminants adhering, characterized in that it has to perform.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating particulate matter to which contaminants have adhered, wherein the granular material to which the contaminants have been applied is refined by a single grain refiner, and then the same fine particles are again processed. It is characterized in that it is supplied to the granulating means for reprocessing, and at the time of reprocessing, the stress applied to the granular material is made larger than the previous time.

Further, in the apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants have adhered according to claim 3, the particulate matter to which the contaminants are introduced into the processing space is compressed and mixed between the particulate matter while adding water. A contaminant having one fine-granulating means for separating the contaminants adhering to the surface of the granules is attached while applying the force of rubbing to separate the granules into independent granules. In the granular material processing apparatus, the processing space of the granular material in the above-mentioned fine-granulating means is set narrow in the downstream direction so that the granular material to which the contaminant adheres can be efficiently crushed and peptized.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants are attached, wherein the processing gap is set stepwise, that is, discontinuously narrow.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating a particulate matter to which contaminants have adhered, the compression and rubbing between the particulate matter while adding water to the particulate matter to which the contaminant has been adhered, which has been introduced into the processing space. Force, to separate the granules into independent granules, and to provide a plurality of stages of fine-graining means for separating contaminants adhering to the surface of the granules, wherein the granules are In this case, the material passes through each of the fine-graining means sequentially, and the processing space of the fine-graining means is set to be gradually narrower in the downstream stage.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating a particulate matter to which contaminants are adhered, from among the particulate substances which have been subjected to the fine-graining treatment by the fine-granulating means, the granular substance having a large particle diameter containing no contaminants. It is provided with a separating means.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants are adhered, comprising a plurality of outer blades attached to an inner peripheral surface of the granule body along an axial direction and projecting in a central direction. The rotary drum having a cylindrical rotary drum having a plurality of inner blades mounted on an outer peripheral surface along an axial direction and projecting in a radial direction, and mounted eccentrically with respect to the rotary drum inside the rotary drum. And a rotor rotating in the opposite direction.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Embodiment 1 FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a processing apparatus for a granular material to which a contaminant adheres according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a granule refiner (means) for adding fine particles to which contaminants, which are processing materials, are adhered and for performing coarse crushing of the granules. A primary refiner 11 which is a first refiner,
A secondary granulator 12 as a second granulating means for adding water to the granules crushed by the primary granulator 11 and crushing and pulverizing the granules. And 1
Numeral 3 denotes a receiving hopper for charging the granular material to which the contaminant to be treated is attached, numeral 14 denotes a preliminary sorting means for removing impurities of several cm or more from the granular material charged to the receiving hopper 13, and numeral 15 denotes the fine particle. A vibrating screen for selecting and separating granules having a size of 5 mm or more from a slurry containing granules pulverized and peptized by the granulator 1; 16 is provided with a classification means such as a liquid cyclone or a thickener tank; This is a classification means for classifying various sizes of granules from a slurry containing granules of 5 mm or less sent from the vibrating screen 15. Reference numeral 17 denotes the above-mentioned grain refining apparatus 1
And a water supply section 18 for supplying treated water to the classification means 16,
Is a sewage treatment section for purifying treated water discharged from the classification means 16.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of the grain refiner 1. The grain refiner 1 includes a primary grain refiner 11 and a secondary grain refiner 12 in a single shell 2. Built-in, common power machine 3
It is configured to operate. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 4 denotes a processing material input port for inputting a granular material to which a contaminant, which is a processing material, is attached. Reference numeral 5 denotes a processing space in each of the primary and secondary granulating machines 11 and 12. This is a processing material discharge port for discharging the granular material that has been sequentially pulverized and peptized.
The basic structures of the primary crusher 11 and the secondary crusher 12 are substantially the same as those of the conventional crusher 10 described above, but the operating conditions are mainly crushing of the crusher 10. Unlike the conditions, the primary granulator 11 is set to a condition for performing a process mainly for pulverization, and the secondary granulator 12 is set to a condition for performing a process mainly for pulverization. Have been. That is, as shown in FIG. 3A, the primary fine-granulating machine 11 that performs a coarse crushing process on the granular material to which the contaminant adheres can reduce the amount of eccentricity of the rotor 7 so that with relatively wide spacing D ₁ of the rotor 7, and the rotational speed and low speed. In addition, in the secondary fine-granulating machine 12 which performs a process mainly based on peptization of the above-mentioned granular material, as shown in FIG. to reduce the distance D ₂ between and has a rotational speed to high speed. Since the conventional crusher 10 mainly performs the crushing process, it is considered that the interval between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 is narrower and the rotation speed is higher than that of the secondary granulator 12.

[0018] Primary refiner 11 or secondary refiner 12
In the inside, as shown in FIG. 4, the granular material S attached to the gap between the rotating drum 6 and the rotor 7, which is the processing gap, to which the contaminant adheres is scraped upward by the outer blades 6 </ b> W of the rotating drum 6. At the same time, since the granular material S is pulled down by the inner blades 7W of the rotor 7, a compressive stress and a shear stress act on the granular material S, and the granular material S is pulverized and peptized. That is, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the granular materials p or the granular materials adhered to the aggregated contaminants are adhered to each other at the adhered surface r. However, compressive stress and shear stress act on the large-sized granular material p, and the aggregated granular materials are separated from the fixing surface r to be finely divided into almost independent fine granular materials p. Fig. 5
As shown in (b), a force in the rubbing direction acts on the granular materials, and contaminants q such as heavy metals and dioxins attached to the surface of each granular material due to friction between the granular materials p.
Is separated from the granular material p (peptization).
The contaminant q is attached not only to the surface of the aggregated granular material, but also to the fixing surface r, which is the surface of each granular material p (see FIG. 5A). Therefore, at the time of pulverization, some of the foreign matter and the contaminant q attached to the surface of the aggregated granular material may be peeled off, but most of the foreign matter and the contaminant q are removed from the surface of the granular material p during the peptization treatment. Separated. Some large-sized granular materials are crushed and refined. At this time, the primary granulating machine 1
The treated water from the water supply unit 17 is supplied to the primary and secondary grain refiners 12 through a water supply port (not shown). Atomizer 1
The particulate matter to which the contaminants are attached is pulverized and deflocculated in a state in which the treated water is hydrolyzed, and among the separated contaminants, heavy metals or dioxins are contained in the treated water. Dissolved in water or suspended as fine particles.

Next, a method of treating particulate matter to which contaminants are attached by the above-described treatment apparatus will be described, taking as an example a case where the treatment material is incinerated ash. First, receiving hopper 1
The incineration ash charged in 3 is subjected to several c
After the impurities of m or more have been removed, the impurities are introduced into the primary granulator 11 through the treatment material inlet 4 of the granulator 1. In the primary granulator 11 in which the distance between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 is wide, coarse incineration of the incinerated ash mixed with the treated water is performed to separate the individual granulated incinerated ash. The above incinerated ash is separated into primary crushers 1 without breaking.
1 and sent to the secondary granulator 12. At this time, fine particles such as heavy metals and dioxin that are weakly adhered to the surface of the incinerated ash are separated and float in the treated water, and the heavy metals that are easily dissolved are dissolved in the treated water. In the primary granulator 11, since the stress applied to the incinerated ash is set sufficiently lower than that of the conventional crusher 10, the granular material such as gravel and pottery pieces mixed in the incinerated ash. Is discharged without crushing. Secondary refiner 12
Since the distance between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 is narrower than that of the primary granulator 11 and the rotation speed is high, the incinerated ash is separated into finer granules (crushed) or the larger Along with making part of the body finer, the above incinerated ash is moved to the downstream side while separating (peptizing) heavy metal and dioxin fine particles that are strongly attached to the incinerated ash by friction between the granular materials, The material is sent from the processing material discharge port 5 to the vibrating screen 15. At this time, the heavy metals that are easily dissolved dissolve in the treatment water, and fine particles such as heavy metals and dioxins separated from the granular material are suspended in the treatment water, and the treatment material outlet is disposed together with the incineration ash. Exhausted from 5

The vibrating screen 15 sifts granules of 5 mm or more from the incinerated ash while adding water to the mud-like incinerated ash sent from the granulating apparatus 1. Granules having a size of 5 mm or less passing through the vibrating screen 15 are sent to a classification means 16 and classified into granules having various sizes. The heavy metals and dioxins released from the granular material are sent to the classification means 16 together with the treated water for treatment, or sent to the sewage treatment unit 18 via the classification means 16 for treatment. On the other hand, the granular material (mainly gravels and fine ceramic pieces, etc.) of 5 mm or more captured by the vibrating screen 15 is
Since there is almost no adhesion of dioxins, it is harmless and can be reused.

The classification means 16 classifies various sizes of granules such as sand, fine granules and fine granules which are components of ash from mud-like incinerated ash containing granules of 5 mm or less. The fine particles having a size of about 20 μm or less classified by the classification means 16 are regarded as fine particles containing a large amount of dioxins, and are subjected to detoxification treatment such as melting and solidification. On the other hand, heavy metals floating or eluted in the treated water are subjected to chemical treatment or the like in the sewage treatment section 18 to be separated from the treated water, and the purified treated water is reused as circulating water. Also, about 2
Mud containing particulate matter of 0 μm or more is reused because heavy metals and dioxins are removed and made harmless.

The method of treating contaminated soil is the same as that of the above-mentioned incinerated ash. However, it is considered that the soil particles are hardly aggregated. Both the pulverizer 11 and the secondary granulator 12 mainly have the peptizing action shown in FIG. 5B. In the case of contaminated soil containing incinerated ash, the primary crusher 11 performs a coarse crushing process, and the secondary crusher 12 performs a crushing and deflocculation process.

As described above, according to the first embodiment, the distance D ₁ between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 is relatively widened, and the contaminant is reduced by the primary granulator 11 having a low rotation speed. After coarsely crushing the granular material to which the particles have adhered to make the granular material finer, the rotating drum 6 and the rotor 7
To reduce the distance D ₂ between and by the rotational speed and the high speed secondary comminution machine 12 for fine grained particulate material in the primary comminution device 11, mainly between granules mutual The frictional force between the granular materials is applied to each other to cause mutual polishing by friction between the granular materials to separate contaminants such as heavy metals or dioxins strongly adhered to the surface of the granular materials. And the contaminants attached to the incineration ash can be efficiently removed, and the classification of the granular material can be facilitated. In addition, since the vibrating screen 15 and the classifying means 16 separate the granular material containing no pollutant from the granular material which has been subjected to the fine-graining treatment by the fine-granulating device 1, the pollutant is separated. The detoxified granules can be reused as recyclable resources.

In the first embodiment, the pulverizing / pulverizing process is performed by using two refining machines (refining means) of the primary refining machine 11 and the secondary refining machine 12. However, reprocessing of crushing and deflocculation is performed a plurality of times by one granulation machine 11, and at the time of reprocessing, the amount of eccentricity of the rotor 7 is made larger than the previous time, so that the rotating drum 6 7 or the relative rotational speed of the rotating drum 6 and the rotor 7 is increased, or the eccentricity is increased and the rotational speed is increased to reduce the amount of contaminant-adhered particles. The crushing and peptizing treatment of the granular material may be performed by increasing the applied stress from the previous time. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6A, the height of the inner blade 72 </ b> W on the downstream side of the rotor 7 in the circumferential direction is changed to the inner blade 71 </ b> W on the upstream side.
, And the gap between the rotor 7 and the rotating drum 6, which is the processing gap, is stepwisely set in the downstream direction, that is, by using a single grain refiner that is set to be discontinuously narrow. Pulverization and peptization may be performed by sequentially increasing the stress applied to the granular material to which the pollutant adheres.
That is, in one apparatus, the processing gap for treating the particulate matter to which the contaminant adheres is configured to be sharply narrowed in the downstream direction, so that the particulate matter is retained on the upstream side of the grain refiner. After lengthening the time and sufficiently performing processing mainly on crushing of the granular material, increasing the stress applied to the granular material on the downstream side to separate the granular material into individual particles on the upstream side The pulverized particles can be subjected to treatment mainly for peptization. Thus, even with a single device, it is possible to continuously and efficiently perform the crushing and peptizing treatment of the granular material to which the contaminant has adhered. In addition,
To set the distance between the rotor 7 and the rotating drum 6 small in the downstream direction, as shown in FIG.
And the outer diameter of the downstream side 7R of the rotor 7 may be larger than the outer diameter of the upstream side 7F.

Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the means for crushing and pulverizing the granular material to which the contaminant adheres is provided in two stages, but the number of processing stages is not limited to this. For example, downstream of the secondary granulator 12,
By providing a tertiary granulator in which the distance between the rotor 7 and the rotary drum 6 is set to be smaller than that, and further pulverizing the granular material processed by the secondary granulator 12, Heavy metals or dioxins strongly adhered to the granular material can be reliably removed.

Embodiment 2 FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the incineration ash processing system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the same granulation apparatus 1 as in the first embodiment is used. The incinerated ash is continuously treated to reduce the incinerated ash, and the harmful substances in the incinerated ash are efficiently removed, and the harmless particulate matter discharged is reused. . First, the receiving hopper 13
The incineration ash charged in the hopper is transported by a belt conveyor and is charged into the primary granulator 11. In the primary granulator 11, treated water from a secondary treatment water tank 53, which will be described later, of the water supply unit 17 is added to the incinerated ash, and the incinerated ash is coarsely crushed, and the incinerated ash is reduced in size. While separating dioxins and heavy metals that are weakly adhering to the surface of the incinerated ash while floating or dissolving them in the treated water, the incinerated ash is moved to the downstream side, It is discharged from the discharge port 11a of the granulator 11. In the primary granulator 11, since the distance between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 is wide and the rotation speed is low, solids such as large metals and contaminants are discharged without being crushed. This large solid material is supplied to the discharge net 11a with a classifying mesh 1 of about 30 mm.
It is captured and removed by 1b and carried out by a belt conveyor. On the other hand, the incinerated ash formed into a granular material having a size of about 30 mm or less is sieved by the primary screening vibrating screen 20 of about 5 mm to 10 mm. 10mm sieved
The following incinerated ash is sent to the secondary grain refiner 12 after removing metal pieces in the incinerated ash in the magnetic metal remover 21. On the other hand, granules having a size of about 10 mm to 30 mm are carried out by a belt conveyor and reused or discarded. In addition, water is supplied from the water supply unit 17 to the primary sorting vibrating screen 20, and the primary sorting vibrating screen 20 is supplied.
Is sent to a first feed sump 23 described later.

The incinerated ash that has passed through the primary sorting vibrating screen 20 is in the form of granular material having a size of approximately 10 mm or less.
In the secondary grain refiner 12, the treated water from the water supply unit 17 is added to the incineration ash, and the interval between the rotary drum 6 and the rotor 7 is reduced and the rotation speed is increased. The incineration ash is moved to the downstream side while the heavy metals and dioxins strongly adhering to the incineration ash are removed by causing mutual polishing mainly by friction between the granular bodies, and the secondary crusher 12 is discharged. From the outlet 12a, the secondary sorting vibrating screen 2
Send to 2. The secondary sorting vibrating screen 22 is used for sieving a granular material of 5 mm or less from the incinerated ash, and the granular material such as sand or fine ash particles of 5 mm or less discharged from the secondary sorting vibrating screen 22. Is temporarily stored in the first feed sump 23 and then classified by the classification means 16 into granules of various sizes. Further, the granular material mainly composed of gravel and fine porcelain pieces of about 5 mm to 10 mm sieved by the secondary sorting vibrating screen 22 is carried out and reused or discarded.

Next, the classification process in the classification means 16 will be described in detail. The mud-like incineration ash containing the granular material of 5 mm or less stored in the feed sump 23 is sent to the first liquid cyclone 30 and classified. In the first hydrocyclone 30, particles having a size of about 100 μm or less are separated by being suspended in treated water. The first hydrocyclone 30
The treated water containing particulate matter having a size of about 100 μm or less discharged from the upper portion is temporarily stored in the first feed sump 23 and then sent to the second feed sump 33. On the other hand, when the particle diameter discharged from the bottom of the first hydrocyclone 30 is 1
After the slurry containing the particulate matter exceeding 00 μm is sent to the first spigot tank 31, the particulate matter mainly composed of sand of about 100 μm or more is separated by the first dewatering vibration screen 32, It is sent to the feed sump 33.
Similarly, about 10% of the second feed sump 33 is stored.
The incinerated ash that has become a granular material of 0 μm or less is formed by the second liquid cyclone 34 and the second dehydration vibrating screen 36.
20 to 100 µm granular material mainly composed of fine sand and 20 µm
It is classified into the following fine particles. That is, the treated water containing fine particles of about 20 μm or less discharged from the upper part of the second hydrocyclone 34 is temporarily stored in the second feed sump 33, and then is transferred to the thickener tank 40 via the trash treatment trommel 37. Sent to On the other hand, the slurry containing the particulate matter having a particle diameter exceeding 20 μm discharged from the bottom of the first hydrocyclone 30 is sent to the second spigot tank 35, Granules mainly composed of fine sand of about 20 μm or more are separated and sent to the thickener tank 40.

In the thickener tank 40, about 20 μm
The treated water containing fine particles of m or less and the mud-like incinerated ash are slowly rotated in a tank to perform solid-liquid separation for coagulating and sedimenting solids such as particulates. As described above, since the heavy metals separated from the incineration ash are dissolved or suspended in the supernatant liquid of the thickener tank 40, they are sent to the primary treatment water tank 50 of the sewage treatment section 18 for treatment. In the primary treatment water tank 50, the heavy metals are separated from the treatment liquid by adding a chelating agent or the like to form an insolubilizing salt of the heavy metals and insolubilize the heavy metals. On the other hand, the slurry-like incineration ash that has settled at the bottom of the thickener tank 40 is stored in the first slurry tank 41, and after removing fine particles such as dioxins in the centrifuge 42, the second slurry It is sent to the tank 43 and stored. The harmful sludge containing a large amount of fine particles such as dioxins separated by the centrifugal separator 42 is discarded by performing a process such as melting and solidification. On the other hand, the slurry stored in the second slurry tank 43 is rendered harmless by removing heavy metals and dioxins.
The slurry can be reused by preparing a dewatered cake from the slurry by a filter press (not shown).

The water dehydrated by the dehydrator 44 is sent to a filtered water return tank 51 for temporary storage, and thereafter, after the heavy metals are insolubilized in a primary treatment water tank 50, the water is sent to a liquid filtration device 52. In the liquid filtration device 52, the treated water is filtered with an adsorbent such as activated carbon to remove heavy metals and dioxins to purify the treated water. The purified treated water is sent to a secondary treated water tank 53 that is a water supply unit. The treated water sent from the thickener tank 40 to the primary treated water tank 50 also
After being purified by the liquid filtration device 52, the secondary treatment water tank 5
Sent to 3. The treated water returned to the secondary treatment water tank 53 is
Mixed with fresh water for replenishment, and again
It is supplied to the secondary refiner 12 and the primary sorting vibrating screen 20.

FIGS. 8A and 8B show the results of the treatment of incinerated ash in the second embodiment. FIG. 8A is a table showing the results of the dissolution test of heavy metals, and FIG. It was done. FIG. 3C is a table showing the measurement results of dioxin concentrations. As is clear from FIG.
From the pulverized sand obtained by this treatment system,
Harmful heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and selenium were not detected, and trace amounts contained in the raw ash (1/30 of the reference value)
The copper of 0) is also reduced to about 1/5. Also, about 20 μm
Harmful heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and selenium were not detected in the dehydrated cake made from the following fine particles.
On the other hand, approximately 86% of the amount contained in the raw ash
% Of cadmium and selenium were also detected, as well as% of lead. This indicates that the heavy metals adhering to the incineration ash were eluted or suspended in the treated water during the incineration ash treatment process, and the separation of the heavy metals from the incineration ash in the deflocculation process was reliable. It shows that it was done. As shown in FIG. 8 (c), dioxins are detected in the slurry-like incineration ash (sedimentary mud in FIG. 8) discharged from the thickener tank 40, but are obtained by the treatment system of the present invention. Since it hardly adheres to the granular material of 5 mm or more (gravel in the figure) or the granular material of 5 mm or less (sand), it can be seen that dioxins were sufficiently separated. The harmless granules can be reused. In addition, since dioxins are slightly detected in the water discharged from the thickener tank 40 (the supernatant water in the sedimentation tank in the same figure), most of the dioxins peeled off from the incineration ash in the peptizing process are fine particles. Is contained in the above-mentioned incinerated ash in the form of slurry, but it is considered that a part thereof becomes fine powder and floats in the treated water. Therefore, the classified granular material of 5 mm or more and 5 mm or less, dewatered cake, metal pieces, etc. can be used as recyclable resources, and sludge containing a large amount of separated heavy metals and dioxins is buried in the final disposal site. Therefore, volume reduction and detoxification of incinerated ash can be reliably realized.

Although the incineration ash treatment system has been described in the second embodiment, contaminated soil can be treated by the same treatment system as the above treatment system.
The contaminants attached to the soil particles can be efficiently removed, and stones, sand, fine particles and the like in the contaminated soil can be extracted and reused.

[0033]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the granular material to which the contaminant is attached is put into the processing space, and the compressed and rubbed particles are mixed while adding water. When the granules are separated into independent granules by applying the force described above, and when the granules are refined by the granulation means for separating contaminants attached to the surface of the granules, Since, by sequentially increasing the stress acting on the granular material and performing the fine-graining treatment on the granular material, it is possible to efficiently perform the crushing and peptizing treatment of the granular material to which the contaminant is attached, Classification of the granular material can be facilitated.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the granular material to which the contaminant has been applied is subjected to a fine-graining treatment by a single fine-graining means, and then is again supplied to the same fine-granulating means. In addition to performing reprocessing, the stress applied to the granules during reprocessing was increased compared to the previous time, so that the granules with contaminants attached could be disintegrated and deflocculated with a single device. In addition, the size of the equipment can be reduced.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the compressive force and the rubbing force between the granular materials are acted on the granular material to which the contaminant charged in the processing space is adhered while adding water. Separating the granules into independent granules,
Separation of contaminants adhering to the surface of the granular material 1
In the apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants have adhered, the apparatus has a step of narrowing the processing gap of the granular material in the downstream direction in the downstream direction so that only one apparatus can be passed. Since the crushing and peptizing of the granular material to which the contaminant adheres can be continuously performed, the efficiency and the size of the equipment can be improved at the same time.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the processing gap is set stepwise, that is, discontinuously narrow, so that the residence time of the particulate matter to which the contaminant adheres on the upstream side can be increased. After sufficiently performing the processing mainly on crushing, it was made possible to perform the processing mainly on deflocculation on the above-mentioned granular material on the downstream side, so that the contaminants adhered to one apparatus. Pulverization and peptization of the granular material can be performed efficiently.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention,
The treatment apparatus for the contaminant-attached granular material is applied to the granular material to which the contaminant is attached in the processing space by applying a compressing and rubbing force between the granular materials while adding water to the granular material. As well as separating into independent granules,
Granulation means for separating contaminants adhering to the surface of the granules are provided in a plurality of stages, and the granules are sequentially passed through each of the granulation means. The processing space is gradually narrowed in the downstream stage, so that it is possible to efficiently disintegrate and pulverize the particulate matter to which contaminants are attached, and to remove harmful heavy metals and dioxins from the particulate matter. And other contaminants can be reliably separated.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a means for separating, from the granular material subjected to the fine-graining treatment by the fine-granulating means, a granular material having a large particle diameter containing no pollutant. Since the pollutants such as heavy metals and dioxins have been separated and made harmless, they can be reused as recyclable resources such as dehydrated cakes, so that the particulate matter to which the pollutants adhere can be used. This can have a remarkable effect on detoxification and volume reduction of the steel.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the grain refiner is attached to the inner peripheral surface along the axial direction,
A cylindrical rotating drum having a plurality of outer blades projecting in the center direction, and a plurality of inner blades mounted along the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface and projecting in the radial direction. Since it is configured to have the rotor eccentrically mounted and the rotor rotating in the opposite direction to the rotating drum,
Compression and rubbing force between the particles can be effectively applied to the particles to which the contaminants are attached,
Pulverization / deflocculation can be performed efficiently and reliably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a granular material processing apparatus to which contaminants adhere according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the grain refiner according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing setting conditions of the grain refiner according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the crushing and peptizing action of the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a crushing / deflocculating action of the first embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a view showing another example of the grain refiner of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration and a processing flow of an incineration ash processing system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a processing result of incinerated ash in the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a view showing the structure of a conventional crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Atomizer, 2 shell, 3 motor, 4 processing material inlet, 5 processing material outlet, 6 rotating drum, 6W
Outer blade, 7 rotor, 7W inner blade, 11 primary granulator, 12 secondary granulator, 13 receiving hopper, 1
4 Pre-sorting means, 15 vibrating screen, 16 classifying means, 17 water supply section, 18 sewage treatment section, 20 primary sorting vibrating screen, 21 magnetic metal remover, 22 secondary sorting vibrating screen, 23 first feed sump,
30 first hydrocyclone, 31 first spigot tank, 32 first dehydration vibrating screen, 33 second
Feed sump, 34 second hydrocyclone, 35
2nd spigot tank, 36 2nd dehydration vibrating screen, 37 waste treatment trommel, 40 thickener tank, 41 first slurry tank, 42 centrifuge, 43 second slurry tank, 44 dehydrator, 50
Primary treatment water tank, 51 Filtered water return tank, 52 Liquid filtration device, 53 Secondary treatment water tank.

Continuing from the front page (71) Applicant 390014568 Toshiba Plant Construction Co., Ltd. 5-37-1, Kamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Takao Sango Go 2-3-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Inside the company (72) Inventor Hiroshi Ito 2-1, Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Headquarters, Kumagaya Gumi Tokyo head office (72) Inventor Yutaka Shinta 265 Sakurazawa, Yorii-cho, Osato-gun, Saitama 72) Inventor Pan Nakayama 3-7-1 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo Toshiba Plant Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A granular material to which a contaminant is attached is charged into a processing space, and while being added with water, a compressive force and a rubbing force between the granular materials are applied to separate the granular material into independent granular materials. A method of treating a particulate matter to which contaminants are attached, the method comprising: a step of refining the particulate matter by means for refining the contaminants attached to the surface of the particulate matter. In the granulating step, a stress acting on the granular material is sequentially increased, and the method for treating a granular material to which contaminants adhere is characterized. 2. A single grain refining unit performs a grain refining process on the granular material to which the contaminant is added, and then re-enters the same grain refining unit to perform reprocessing. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stress applied to the granular material is made larger than that of the previous time. 3. The compressive and rubbing forces between the granules are applied to the granules to which the contaminants charged in the processing space are adhered while adding water, and the granules are separated into independent granules. And an apparatus for treating contaminant-adhered granules having one refining means for separating contaminants adhering to the surface of the granules. The apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants are attached, characterized in that the width is set narrower in the downstream direction. 4. The apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants have adhered according to claim 3, wherein the processing space is set stepwise narrow. 5. A compressive and rubbing force between the granules is applied to the granules adhering to the contaminants charged in the processing space while adding water to the granules to separate the granules into independent granules. At the same time, fine-graining means for separating contaminants adhering to the surface of the granular material are provided in a plurality of stages so that the granular material sequentially passes through each fine-graining means. An apparatus for treating particulate matter to which contaminants adhere, characterized in that the treatment space of the granulation means is set gradually narrower in the downstream stage. 6. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising means for separating, from the fine particles subjected to the fine-graining treatment by the fine-graining means, a granular material having a large particle diameter containing no pollutant. An apparatus for treating particulate matter to which the contaminant according to claim 5 has adhered. 7. The grain refining means is attached to an inner peripheral surface along an axial direction and has a cylindrical rotating drum having a plurality of outer blades projecting in a central direction, and an outer peripheral surface along an axial direction. A rotor having a plurality of inner blades mounted and protruding in the radial direction, the rotor being provided eccentrically with respect to the rotary drum inside the rotary drum, and having a rotor rotating in the opposite direction to the rotary drum. An apparatus for treating a granular material to which the contaminant according to claim 3 is attached.