JP2000135005A - Coated seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a coated seed accurately sowable one by one by a sowing machine and having excellent germination rate and germination speed even on the soil having low water-content by coating the surface of a seed with a coating layer containing highly water-absorbing resin sporadically distributed in the layer. SOLUTION: This coated seed is composed of a seed 1 such as eggplant seed, a highly water-absorbing resin 2 such as starch and a polyvinyl alcohol sporadically formed on the surface of the seed 1 and a coating layer formed on the surface of the seed 1 and containing the sporadically distributed water- absorbing resin 2. Preferably, the coated seed is composed of a seed 1, a coating layer 3 formed on the surface of the seed 1 and a highly water-absorbing resin 2 sporadically formed on the surface of the coating layer 3.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a coated seed utilizing the properties of a superabsorbent resin by adhering the superabsorbent resin to the surface in a scattered manner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Due to the rapid decrease of the agricultural population in recent years, labor saving has been actively performed in the agricultural field. As part of that, seeds are granulated and coated for precision mechanical sowing. The germination stability of coated seeds is greatly affected by soil conditions. That is, since the coated seeds are covered with the inorganic coating material as compared with the bare seeds, more water is required to stably germinate. The nursery center has an irrigation facility and provides sufficient water supply, so there are few problems with water.However, in actual fields, when sowing coated seeds, especially when sunny weather continues, the seeding area at the time of sowing is not sufficient. At present, there are many problems that cause poor germination due to insufficient soil moisture in the surface layer.

[0003] Despite these problems, conventional coating techniques attempt to maintain the germination stability of the coated seed by adding a hydrophobic inorganic substance to the coating material. This is because the problem of poor germination on sunny days is a problem for rabbits. In the case of rainy weather, the soil moisture in the surface layer of the seeding part becomes excessive, so the rate of water absorption to the seeds and the amount of water absorption increase, the excessive water absorption causes the germination rate Decrease.
Therefore, by adding a hydrophobic inorganic substance and coating, the amount of water absorption and the rate of water absorption were suppressed, and the germination stability of the coated seeds was to be maintained. However, in an actual field, as described above, the water absorption rate and the amount of water absorbed from the soil due to the lack of water are small, and thus the trouble often occurs due to the lack of water.

[0004] Seeds tend to fluctuate in germination rate and germination speed depending on weather conditions and soil conditions (particularly water content) when sown, and germination performance tends to be unstable. In particular, in order to reduce the pulling effort in recent years, high value-added coated seeds suitable for sowing one grain are required, and therefore, the germination performance of the coated seeds is required to be more stable. Furthermore, the shape of the coated seeds is a serious problem in order to ensure that one grain is sown by a machine. The present invention has been developed to meet such demands.

[0005]

The coated seed according to claim 1 is composed of a seed (1), a highly water-absorbent resin (2) formed in a scattered manner on the surface of the seed (1), and a highly water-absorbent resin. And a coating layer (3) formed on the surface of the conductive resin (2). " (See FIG. 1) The coated seed according to claim 2 is composed of a seed (1), a coating layer (3) formed on the surface of the seed (1), and scattered spots on the surface of the coating layer (3). Highly absorbent resin formed
(2) ". (See Fig. 3) According to these examples, the seeds (1) or the surface of the coating layer (3) are apt to dry when sown due to the presence of the scattered superabsorbent resin (2). It is possible to easily absorb the water in the surface soil and absorb the water necessary for germination, and to constantly release the absorbed water, so that a constant amount of water is always properly applied to the seed (1). Will be supplied,
The germination rate does not decrease due to drying in the field as in the conventional example.

It should be noted that throughout the present specification, the superabsorbent resin
The state in which (2) is adhered in the form of a scattered point simply means that the seeds are scattered in a single point or randomly by the binder (2a) described later.
Adheres to the surface of (1) or the surface of the coating layer (3),
A state in which one or a plurality of powders of the superabsorbent resin (2) is attached to the portion. The enlarged view of FIG. 1 and FIG.
Shown in

[0007] In particular, the coating layer of the superabsorbent resin (2)
If it is formed inside (3) (Fig. 1), the coating layer
(3) Absorbs the water that has reached the superabsorbent resin (2), greatly expands and gives strain to the coating layer (3), and the strain breaks the coating layer (3) and simultaneously absorbs the absorbed water. It is released gradually to help germinate the seeds (1) inside. (4) is a crack in the coating layer (3).

When the superabsorbent resin (2) is attached to the outer surface of the coating layer (3) (FIG. 3), the superabsorbent resin (2) comes into direct contact with the soil and absorbs water. Even when the water content is small, it absorbs enough water and expands greatly, at the same time giving the coating layer (3) a strain, cracking it and the appropriate amount of water is continuously supplied to the seed (1) through the crack, Again, as in the conventional example, drying in the field is completely eliminated, and a high germination rate can be obtained.

If the superabsorbent resin (2) adheres as a layer on the surface of the seed (1) or on the entire surface of the coating layer (3), the respiration of the seed (1) is inhibited. Although, it will lower the germination rate, if randomly attached in the form of dots, respiration of the seed (1) is not inhibited and appropriate water absorption is brought from the highly water-absorbent resin (2), The germination rate is increased by promoting crack generation of the coating layer (3) and subsequent water absorption.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a method for improving the germination rate of coated seeds,
By using the superabsorbent resin (2) in the form of dots, it was found that the germination rate and the germination rate were improved and germination was promoted, and the present invention was reached. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The "first embodiment" is as shown in FIG.
Superabsorbent resin (2) on the surface of seed (1) via binder (2a)
A coating layer (3) on the surface of the seed (1) including the highly water-absorbent resin (2) further formed in a random spot shape
Is formed.

On the other hand, in the "second embodiment", first, a coating layer (3) is formed on the surface of the seed (1), and then the surface of the coating layer (3) is randomly dispersed. Binder
(2a) is attached, and the superabsorbent resin (2) is attached via the binder (2a).

(Superabsorbent resin) In the present invention, the superabsorbent resin (2) expands by absorbing water several to hundreds of times its own weight. ) Can retain sufficient moisture. However, when they are randomly attached to the surface of the seed (1) or the surface of the coating layer (3) in a scattered manner, the expansion ratio is at most about 3 to 10.

The superabsorbent resin (2) used in the present invention is a known one, which is obtained by physically or chemically cross-linking a polymer electrolyte to form a three-dimensional network. Examples include modified acrylate-graft copolymer, vinyl ester, saponified product of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative, modified product of maleic anhydride, cross-linked product of polyvinyl alcohol, and amino acid-based water-absorbing polymer. You.

The superabsorbent resin (2) used in the present invention is suitably in the form of fine powder, and the coating preferably has a particle size of 10 μm or less, depending on the shape and size of the seed (1). The amount used naturally depends on the size and shape of the target seed (1).
It is not preferable to completely cover (1). This is because the supply of oxygen to the seed (1) is hindered, which causes a reduction in the germination rate. For this purpose, a binder (2a) to be described later is applied to the adhered surface (directly on the surface of the seed (1) or the surface of the coating layer (3) formed on the surface of the seed (1)).
Is sprayed, the surface to be adhered is wetted at random with fine mist-like droplets of the binder (2a), and the fine powder of the superabsorbent resin (2) is adhered to the portion.

(Coating Material) As the coating material (or granulation material) used in the present invention, an inorganic substance usually used for the purpose of coating the seed (1) can be used as it is. For example, diatomaceous earth, clay, bentonite,
Magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, silica, kaolin, talc, vinyl resin, fatty acid calcium salt, fatty acid, acrylic derivative, fatty acid amide, higher fatty acid or metal salt thereof, and the like. Can be used alone or as a mixture. As these coating materials, fine particles having an average particle size of 10 μm or less, particularly 1 μm or less are preferable because of good workability during coating operation.

(Binder) In the practice of the present invention, examples of the binder (binder) used as necessary include water, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, pullulan, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin and the like. .

(Other Components) In obtaining the coated seed of the present invention, auxiliary components such as plant hormones, plant nutrients, plant growth regulators, fungicides, fertilizers and the like may be added as necessary. However, ionic components prevent expansion of the superabsorbent resin used in the present invention, and thus it is desirable to avoid using them in combination.

Next, coating examples of the present invention will be described.
There are the following two types. In the first embodiment, the binder (2a) was randomly attached to the surface of the seed (1) by spraying in a scattered manner, and the superabsorbent resin (2) obtained by mixing the necessary components was added to the binder (2a). Attach. However, as described above, it is preferable not to cover the entire seed (1) with the superabsorbent resin (2). Subsequently, the binder (2a) and the particles of the coating material are alternately and repeatedly adhered to the surface of the seed (1) containing the superabsorbent resin (2) in the same manner as described above, and the coating layer (3) serving as the outer layer has high water absorption. Formed on the outside of the seed (1) containing the conductive resin (2). Thus, a coated seed having a certain shape (granularity) is formed.

Conversely, in this case, the binder (2a) and the particles of the coating material are alternately and repeatedly adhered to the surface of the seed (1) in the same manner as described above, and the coating layer (3) is applied to the outside of the seed (1). Form directly. After that, the binder (2a) is randomly attached to the surface of the coating layer (3) by spraying in a scattered manner, and then the mixed powder obtained by mixing the superabsorbent resin (2a) and necessary components is applied. Then, the superabsorbent resin (2) is randomly attached to the surface of the coating layer (3) in a scattered manner to obtain granular coated seeds.

Hereinafter, specific examples and effects of the invention will be described with reference to experimental examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these experimental examples.

[Experimental Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2] 500 g of eggplant seeds having a germination rate of 95% were placed in an inclined rotary pan.
The seeds were coated under the conditions shown in the first example to obtain coated seeds having a particle size of 3.5 mm and dried at 35 ° C. for 15 hours. That is, a binder is sprayed on the eggplant seeds in advance, and then a superabsorbent resin having an average particle diameter of 10 μm is randomly attached to the surface of the eggplant seeds in a scattered manner. Were alternately used to coat the particles to an average particle size of 3.5 mm. A germination test was performed on the granulated coated seeds thus obtained using soils having different water contents.

[Experimental Example 3 and Comparative Example 3] 500 g of eggplant seeds having a germination rate of 95% were put into an inclined rotating pan, and the seeds were coated under the conditions shown in the second embodiment. Obtain 3.5mm coated seeds, 3
Dry at 5 ° C. for 15 hours. That is, the surface of the eggplant seeds is alternately coated with a binder and a coating material by an ordinary method until the average particle diameter becomes 3.5 mm, and then the binder is sprayed on the surface of the coating layer in advance,
Subsequently, a superabsorbent resin having an average particle size of 10 μm was attached in a scattered manner. A germination test was performed on the granulated coated seeds thus obtained using soils having different water contents.

The results are shown in Table 1. In the germination test method, soils having different moisture contents are adjusted in advance, put in a plastic container, and 100 seeds of the granulated coated seeds are covered with the soil to a thickness of about 2 mm and artificially grown at 20 ° C. A germination test was performed in a weather vessel. As is clear from Table 1, when comparing the coated seeds of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which the superabsorbent resin was not previously attached to the seed and Experimental Examples 1 to 3 in which the superabsorbent resin was attached, the superabsorbent properties were high. It can be seen that the germination rate is higher for the coated seed to which the resin is attached. Since the germination of eggplant takes about one week after sowing, it is presumed that the water content in the soil is greatly affected by the stability of germination.

[0025]

[0026]

As described above, according to the present invention, a highly water-absorbent resin is randomly adhered to the surface of a seed or the surface of a coating layer formed on the surface of a seed in a random manner to form a highly water-absorbent resin. By forming the resin layer, the germination performance of the seeds is stabilized even under the condition where the moisture in the soil is small, so that it can greatly contribute to the rationalization and development of agricultural production.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view when a crack is formed in an outer layer of the coated seed of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view when a crack is formed in the coating layer, which is the inner layer of the coated seed of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state where a crack is formed in the coating of the coated seed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 (1) Seeds (2) Superabsorbent resin (2a) Binder (3) Coating layer (4) Coating layer crack

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A seed, a highly water-absorbent resin formed in a scattered manner on the surface of the seed, and a coating layer formed on the surface of the seed containing the highly scattered water-absorbent resin. Characterized by coated seeds. 2. A coated seed comprising: a seed; a coating layer formed on the surface of the seed; and a highly water-absorbent resin formed in a scattered manner on the surface of the coating layer.