KR20200017183A - Composition for seed enhancement comprising super absorbent polymer and water and method for treating seed enhancement by using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a treatment method for improving the vitality of seeds and a treatment composition for improving the seed vitality used in the treatment method. Specifically, the present invention relates to a composition which comprises water with a specific inorganic salt content and a superabsorbent resin for proper moisture potential maintenance as a solid priming matrix for seed vitality improvement treatment. The present invention also relates to a treatment method for improving the seed vitality. Seeds treated by the composition and the method show excellent germination rate.

Description

Composition for seed enhancement comprising super absorbent polymer and water and method for treating seed enhancement by using the same}

The present invention relates to a treatment method for enhancing seed vitality and a composition for treating seed vitality used in the treatment method, and more particularly, as a solid priming matrix for seed vitality treatment. The present invention relates to a composition and a seed vitality treatment method using a resin and water having a specific inorganic salt content.

Seed enhancement technology refers to a treatment for improving the vitality of a seed after harvesting and before seeding. Seed germination requires moisture, oxygen and adequate temperature. The water absorption process of seeds is divided into rapid absorption stage (1 stage), post-absorption stage (2 stage), and absorption of moisture again with germination of seedlings (3 stage). There is, but in three stages there is no drying resistance. There are two ways to moisturize the seed. One method is to immerse the seed in water, which is non-controlled water uptake which allows moisture to be freely absorbed by the seed. Seeds absorb water indefinitely, so dormant live seeds eventually germinate when the right temperature and oxygen are supplied. To stop the hydration that the seeds can go to the beginning of stage 3, the absorption process must be stopped within a certain period of time. Moisture control absorption treatment is a treatment to control the water potential (see the water potential) of the seed to prevent absorption until the germination stage (absorption stage 3).

Recently, as a method of increasing seed vitality, solid matrix priming (SMP) moisture control absorption is applied. This is to adjust the water absorption of the seeds using the osmotic principle, a method of treating by mixing the seeds with a low water potential by adding a little water to solid powders such as vermiculite, lignite, diatomaceous earth. Priming with the solution requires continuous supply of air to the solution. Seeds can be harmed in inorganic salt solutions. SMP treatment, on the other hand, does not have to be supplied with air and has the advantage of maintaining a moderate moisture potential.

However, in the past, vermiculite was used as a solid priming material, but due to the low moisture content, the solid priming effect was not high. . Furthermore, there is a drawback that the high concentration of ions in the treatment agent may adversely affect the germination.

Because of the problems with the conventional solid priming techniques as described above, there has been a need for improved seed priming matrices for seed vitality treatment and seed vitality treatment methods for maintaining proper moisture potential and uniform germination of seeds.

[Patent Document 1] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2006-0017498 [Patent Document 2] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2016-0108483 [Patent Document 3] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2016-7033401 [Patent Document 4] Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-7013865

The present invention has been made in accordance with the above requirements, by applying a high water-absorbent resin having a high moisture content and an osmotic component and water having a specific range of inorganic salt content as a solid priming matrix to improve the vitality of the seed to increase the germination rate An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for treating visible seed vitality and a method for increasing seed vitality.

As one embodiment for achieving the above object, the present invention has a hydrophilic group, and part of the seed absorbance enhancement treatment including a super absorbent polymer (SAP, super absorbent polymer) having a functional group neutralized with Na + ions To a composition.

In addition, the present invention,

(a) mixing the seed vitality enhancing treatment composition comprising the seed before seeding and the superabsorbent polymer and water having an inorganic salt of less than 5% by weight to store the mixture; And

(b) washing the mixture stored in step (a) to obtain seed and drying the seed.

When conventional vermiculite or inorganic powder having a low moisture content is applied as a solid priming matrix, it is difficult to maintain proper moisture potential of seeds, and thus there is a disadvantage in that it is not uniform germination. However, the present invention applies a three-dimensional superabsorbent polymer (SAP) superabsorbent polymer (SAP) having a hydrophilic group, and partially functionalized with Na + ions, and water and seeds containing inorganic salts below a specific content. By providing a composition for treating seed vitality, including the inorganic salts (ex, KNO ₃ ) used as a priming treatment material, it is possible to improve the vitality of the seed and to maintain the constant moisture potential required for seed germination. It is possible to provide high germination rate.

1 is a view showing the structure of a super absorbent polymer (SAP).
2 is a photograph comparing the germination rate of the seed treated according to the composition for treating seed vitality according to the present invention with the seed not treated.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprise" or "have" are intended to indicate that there is a feature, step, component, or combination thereof that is practiced, and that one or more other features or steps, It should be understood that it does not exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of components, or combinations thereof.

As the invention allows for various changes and numerous embodiments, particular embodiments will be illustrated and described in detail below. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific disclosed form, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Hereinafter, a method for seed vitality improving treatment composition and a method for improving seed vitality using the same according to a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

In the present invention, "seed vitality" may mean to enhance the germination rate and / or germination rate of the seed to be treated.

The super absorbent polymer (SAP) used in the present invention uses a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and includes anionic monomers and salts thereof, nonionic hydrophilic-containing monomers and amino group-containing unsaturated monomers, and quaternary compounds thereof. One or more monomers selected from the group consisting of can be used. The solution which can superpose | polymerize a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer using alkali metal salts, such as a sodium salt, and basic compounds, such as a caustic soda, and containing a crosslinking agent and a polymerization initiator is called a monomer composition. The monomer composition may be thermally polymerized or photopolymerized to produce a hydrogel polymer, and then dried, pulverized and classified to form a powdery product. Such superabsorbent polymers are typically weakly crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, and in preferred embodiments, the superabsorbent polymers may comprise hydrophilic groups such as groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl groups, phosphoric acid groups and sulfonyl groups. Examples of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, 2-acryloylethane sulfonic acid, 2-methacryloylethanesulfonic acid, and 2- (meth) acrylic acid. Anionic monomers and salts thereof of loylpropanesulfonic acid or 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid; (Meth) acrylamide, N-substituted (meth) acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate or polyethylene glycol ( Nonionic hydrophilic-containing monomers of meth) acrylate; And an amino group-containing unsaturated monomer of (N, N) -dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate or (N, N) -dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide and a quaternized product thereof. have.

Among these, alkali metal salts such as acrylic acid or salts thereof, for example, acrylic acid and / or sodium salts of which at least a part of acrylic acid is neutralized can be used, and the preparation of superabsorbent polymers having better physical properties using such monomers is possible. Becomes possible. When the alkali metal salt of acrylic acid is used as a monomer, acrylic acid may be neutralized with a basic compound such as caustic soda (NaOH). In this case, the degree of neutralization of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be adjusted to about 50 to about 95%, preferably about 70 to 85%, and the degree of neutralization by Na + of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is neutralized after pH 5 to. It is preferable to indicate between seven. As such, when the degree of neutralization is controlled to form a difference in concentration of sodium ions, an osmotic phenomenon occurs to absorb a large amount of water. In a specific example, GS-401 was used as the super absorbent polymer.

Such superabsorbent polymers can absorb and retain an amount of aqueous fluid equivalent to several times its own weight, even under normal pressure. For example, superabsorbent polymers can absorb 100 times or more of distilled water of its own weight. The ability to absorb aqueous fluids under defined pressures is an important condition as plant growth promoters to assist plant rooting. The great expandability and absorbency of superabsorbent polymers is due to (a) electrostatic repulsion between charges along the polymer chain, and (b) osmotic pressure of counter ions. The water absorption and water retention of superabsorbent polymers is due to the presence of functional groups that can be ionized in the polymer structure. Groups that can be ionized are usually hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl groups, most of which dissociate and dissolve upon contact with water and exist in the form of salts when the polymer dries. In the dissociated state, the polymer chains repel each other because they contain multiple functional groups with the same electrical charge. This electron repelling action causes expansion of the polymer structure, which in turn leads to better absorption of water molecules. In a preferred embodiment, the water absorption of the superabsorbent polymer is preferably 10 to 500 times by weight of the superabsorbent polymer.

In addition, the superabsorbent polymer may have various forms, but for solid priming, it is preferable that the superabsorbent polymer is in the form of a powder, preferably in the form of a spherical powder that exhibits adequate fluidity with less adhesion to each other when absorbed, and the size of the powder particles. Although not particularly limited, the particle diameter in the dry state without absorbing moisture is 1 to 2,000 µm, preferably 10 to 1,000 µm.

Furthermore, the superabsorbent polymer is preferably included in less than 10% by weight, preferably 0.1% or more and less than 1% by weight relative to the seed.

When the superabsorbent polymer is included outside the above range, the seed vitality improvement effect may be insignificant, and the superabsorbent resin absorbs a large amount of water in the process of washing to remove the superabsorbent resin remaining on the seed surface with the final excess water. As the volume increases, a large amount of superabsorbent polymer waste is generated, which may represent a problem of increased waste disposal cost. When less than 0.1% by weight of superabsorbent resin is included, the solid priming effect by the superabsorbent resin does not appear sufficiently, so that the effect of improving seed vitality is insignificant, and when it is included by more than 10% by weight, the disadvantage of lowering seed vitality and increased waste disposal cost Has In addition, the mixing ratio of the super absorbent polymer and water may be 50 to 200 parts by weight of water, preferably 100 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the superabsorbent polymer.

Furthermore, the composition according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises water with less than 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2% by weight, of inorganic salts relative to the total weight of water. The type of water is not particularly limited, whether constant or purified water, characterized in that the content of the inorganic salts as described above. The inorganic salts are preferably one or two or more selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KNO ₃ , K ₃ PO ₄ , KH ₂ PO _4, and MgSO ₄ . The composition according to the present invention is characterized in that it shows an excellent seed vitality improving effect in combination with the superabsorbent resin while showing such a low content of inorganic salts. In a preferred embodiment the water having an inorganic salt content in the composition according to the present invention may be included in 10 to 300% by weight, preferably 30 to 150% by weight relative to the total mass of the seed.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a seed vitality improving treatment method comprising the following steps and a seed treated thereby:

(a) mixing the composition for seed vitality enhancing treatment comprising a seed before sowing and water having the superabsorbent polymer and less than 5% by weight of inorganic salts; And

(b) washing the mixture stored in step (a) to obtain seeds and drying them.

In a specific embodiment, the seed used in the seed vitality improving method according to the present invention can be used without limitation as long as it is a seed that requires vitality improving as a seed before sowing. Watermelon or pumpkin. In one specific embodiment, the superabsorbent resin and water having a specific inorganic salt content were treated by mixing sorghum seeds (trade name: Daehak No. 3).

With regard to the composition for seed vitality enhancing treatment comprising the superabsorbent polymer and water having an inorganic salt of less than 5% by weight, the same matters as for the composition may be applied.

The treatment of the seed vitality enhancing composition comprising the superabsorbent polymer and water having an inorganic salt of less than 5% by weight, after mixing and treating the composition with the seed, is sealed and stored for 3 to 7 days. desirable. In addition, such treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 15 to 30 ° C. under dark conditions, and more preferably at 20 ° C. under dark conditions, but is not limited thereto. If the temperature is less than 15 ° C., the priming effect may be weak, and if the temperature exceeds 30 ° C., the seeds may deteriorate.

Thus, the seed treated and stored with the composition for improving seed vitality including water having a super absorbent polymer and inorganic salts of less than 5% by weight may be obtained by washing with water or the like and then dried by an appropriate method. The drying method may be a known drying method such as natural drying without limitation, the drying temperature and time may vary depending on the drying method, in the case of natural drying may be 20-30 hours at room temperature, preferably 24 hours. .

In one embodiment, the inventors found that 2-4% by weight of inorganic salts based on the total water weight as superabsorbent resins and inorganic salts in scabbard seeds, which is a plant of the fruit family, for the treatment of seed vitality through solid priming according to the present invention. After treating the composition comprising water with a mixture of these mixtures put well in a zipper bag, the air of the zipper bag was degassed and stored at 20 ℃, dark for 3 to 7 days. After storage, the seeds were washed with water and dried at room temperature for 24 hours. When the soil germination test after drying, the composition and preparation method according to the present invention showed excellent seed germination rate.

Example

Example 1: Measurement of germination rate when using the composition and production method according to the present invention

In order to test the seed germination rate when using a composition for improving seed vitality comprising a super absorbent polymer according to the present invention and water having an inorganic salt of less than 5% by weight and a preparation method using the same, The experiment was carried out accordingly.

Specifically, for the solid priming, the bran varieties seed brand name Daehak No. 3 and super absorbent resin GS-401 (LG Chem) As water and inorganic salts KNO ₃ was put together in a zipper bag as shown in the table below and mixed well, and then air was removed from the zipper bag and stored at 20 ° C. in the dark for 3 to 7 days. After storage, the seeds were washed with water and dried at room temperature for 24 hours. After drying, the priming germination rate of the solids was measured through a top germination test. Germination characteristics were divided into normal, small seedlings, abnormal and ungerminated germination characteristics.

As a result, as shown in Figure 1, when treating the seed vitality treatment composition according to the present invention to the seed, compared to the case of using a conventional solid priming matrix, such as vermiculite of very low content of inorganic salts and superabsorbent resin Although it has a content, the ratio of abnormal and ungerminated seeds is remarkably low, so it shows an excellent germination rate, and when using a treatment agent such as vermiculite, it can be seen that it does not cause an ion problem of the treatment agent that may affect germination.

Claims (16)

A composition for treating seed vitality enhancement, comprising a super absorbent polymer (SAP) and water containing less than 5% by weight of inorganic salts relative to the total weight of water. The composition of claim 1, wherein the super absorbent polymer has a particle size of 1 to 2000 µm in powder form. The composition of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent resin is derived from a water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the degree of neutralization by Na < + > of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer has a pH of 5 to 7 after neutralization to 50 to 95%. The composition of claim 1, wherein the superabsorbent resin has at least one hydrophilic group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl groups, phosphoric acid groups, and sulfonyl groups. The composition of claim 1, wherein the super absorbent polymer is contained in an amount less than 10% by weight based on the total weight of the seed. According to claim 1, wherein the water is 10 to 300% by weight based on the total weight of the seed, the composition. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of the super absorbent polymer and water is 50 to 200 parts by weight of water based on 1 part by weight of the superabsorbent polymer. The composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt is one or two or more selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KNO ₃ , K ₃ PO ₄ , KH ₂ PO _4, and MgSO ₄ . (a) mixing the composition for seed vitality enhancing treatment comprising a seed before sowing and water having the superabsorbent polymer and less than 5% by weight of inorganic salts; And
(b) washing the mixture stored in step (a) to obtain seeds and drying them;
Seed vitality treatment method. The method of claim 10, wherein the seed is a seed of crunch, watermelon or pumpkin. The method of claim 10, wherein the storage of step (a) is performed for 3 to 7 days. The method of claim 10, wherein the storage of step (a) is carried out at a temperature of 15 ~ 30 ℃ in the dark conditions. The method of claim 10, wherein the drying in step (b) is performed by natural drying. The method of claim 10, wherein the natural drying is performed at room temperature for 20 to 30 hours. Seed treated by the method according to claim 10.

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