JP2000037109A - Pelletized seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain pelletized seeds effectively prevented from cracking, disintegration or crushing under transportation or mechanically sowing operation so as to maintain their sprouting performance, thereby improved in mechanical seeding adaptability by forming a mica-predominant layer on the surface of each of pelletized seeds. SOLUTION: Pelletized seeds are obtained by providing the surface of each of pellet seeds 30 prepared by coating granulation of vegetable seeds 10 of cabbage or the like with a layer 40 predominant in mica such as muscovite pref. at 1-40 (more pref. 1-5) wt.% based on the pelletized seeds 30); wherein it is preferable that the layer 40 is mechanical seeding adaptability-improved one, and the mica is set onto the pelletized seeds 30 via a water-soluble binder such as polyvinyl alcohol.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a pellet seed, and more particularly, to a pellet seed having improved sowing adaptability to a machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Pellet seeds are made of natural naked plant seeds (original seeds) having various particle diameters, shapes and weights, and coated with a granulated material such as inorganic powder to embed the seeds.
Granulated into a uniform shape and weight such as a uniform sphere. As a result, high mechanical sowing property is imparted compared to the original seed, sowing by a sowing machine is easy, and the amount of seeding can be reduced and the thinning labor after germination can be reduced, thereby saving labor and productivity of agriculture. It is a major contributor to improvement and its use is rapidly increasing recently.

[0003] By processing the bare seeds into pellet seeds as described above, generally, as described above, the mechanical seeding property is greatly improved, and usually satisfactory results are obtained. However, according to the findings of the present inventors, even in the case of pellet seeds, depending on the type of the seeding machine, the seeding accuracy is not so much improved, and the case where the characteristics of mechanical seeding cannot be sufficiently exhibited. I came to find something.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a pellet seed that can be satisfactorily machine-sown by any type of sowing machine.

[0005]

According to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.

(1) A pellet seed obtained by forming a layer mainly composed of mica on the surface of the pellet seed obtained by coating and granulating a plant seed.

(2) The pellet seed according to (1), wherein the layer mainly composed of mica is a mechanical seeding adaptability improving layer for improving at least mechanical seeding adaptability.

(3) Mica is fixed to the pellet seed surface to form a layer mainly composed of mica (1) or (2)
A pellet seed as described.

(4) Mica is added to the pellet seed in an amount of 1 to 4
The pellet seed according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein 0% by weight is fixed.

(5) The pellet seed according to (3) or (4), wherein the mica is fixed to the pellet seed with a water-soluble binder.

(6) The step of fixing mica to pellet seeds is performed by a granulator for coating and granulating plant seeds.
The pellet seed according to any one of (3) to (5).

(7) The step of fixing mica to the pellet seeds is performed following the step of coating and granulating the plant seeds.
(6) The pellet seed as described above.

(8) The pellet seed according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the powder material used for the coating granulation is an inorganic powder.

(9) The pellet seed according to (8), which is coated and granulated using a water-soluble binder together with the inorganic powder.

(10) The pellet seed according to (9), wherein the granulation of the inorganic powder and the fixing of the mica are carried out with the same water-soluble binder.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention is characterized in that, in a pellet seed coated and granulated with a plant seed, a layer mainly composed of mica is formed on the surface of the pellet seed.

FIG. 1 schematically shows this, wherein 10 is a plant seed, 20 is a layer of a granulating material for coating and granulating the seed, and this forms a pellet seed 30. Numeral 40 is a layer mainly composed of mica formed on the surface of the pellet seed as the substrate.

FIG. 2 shows a case where the plant seed 10 has a slightly flattened shape. By coating and granulating the plant seed 10, it also becomes a substantially spherical pellet seed 30. Similarly, mica is mainly formed on the surface. The state where the layer 40 is formed is shown.

First, pellet seeds, which are substrates, will be briefly described.

Original seed (naked seed) forming pellet seed
As, natural seeds having various particle diameters, shapes, and weights are used, and are not particularly limited.For example, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, Nozawana, cub, coqb, radish, cucumber, lettuce, Vegetable seeds such as celery, onion, leek, carrot, burdock, spinach, tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, parsley, ching gensai, komatsuna, mizuna, shungiku, etc .; , Statice, carnation, balsam, gazania, delphinium, stock, zinnia, pansy,
Celosia, gypsophila, periwinkle, snapdragon,
Petunias, campanulas, poppies, impatience,
Examples include flower seeds such as ageratum, primula, matsuba button, coleus, begonia, exacum, gloxinia, calseolaria, cineralia and the like.

The granulation material (powder material) used for coating and granulating such an original seed is not particularly limited, but inorganic powder is preferable.
Silicate earth, kaolin, illite, chlorite, hallocite, sericite, vermiculite, zeolite, microsite, montmorillonite, feldspar, bentonite, clay, silica, talc, alumina, sand, peat, calcium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, Aluminum hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium silicate, dolomite, calcium sulfate,
Examples include calcium sulfite, red earth, charcoal, mica and the like.
Although the particle size of these powder materials is not particularly limited, usually, the average particle size is 50 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or less,
Those having a thickness of 0.001 μm or more are preferably used.

In the coating granulation, the seed and the powder material are charged into an appropriate granulator such as a bread granulator, and the granulator is rotated to roll the seed and the powder material together. This is done by: In other words, with the seed as a nucleus, a powder as a granulating material adheres around the seed, which grows while colliding and rubbing with each other during the rolling motion, forming a coated granulated layer that is almost spherical, and forming a pellet with the seed. Become. At this time, granulation is performed more accurately and smoothly by spraying the aqueous solution of the water-soluble polymer as a binder (binder). As the binder for this granulation, those exemplified as binders for fixing mica described later can be used. Further, the coating granulation according to the present invention,
This is a broad concept that includes a so-called film coating in which the coating granulation layer is thin.

The shape of the pellet seed thus formed is not limited, but in terms of handleability and mechanical seeding, the particle size is 0.5 to 15 mm, preferably 1 to 6 m.
m, more preferably about 2 to 5 mm spherical or substantially spherical. In addition, the substantially spherical shape referred to here is
It is meant to include a shape such as a rugby ball.

In the present invention, such a pellet seed is used as a substrate, and a layer mainly composed of mica is formed on the surface thereof. More preferably, mica itself is fixed to the surface of the pellet seed. The fixing is preferably performed by fixing the mica with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer (hereinafter also referred to as a water-soluble binder).

The mica used in the present invention is K, Na, M
g, Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ , Li, Al, O, Si, OH, F
An alkali metal-containing aluminosilicate belonging to a phyllosilicate consisting of, for example, having a property of being easily cleaved,
By crushing or the like, fine particles having a form commonly referred to as mica, such as a thin plate, leaf flake, scale, or flake, are obtained. What is preferably used in the present invention is mica in such a form. The particle size is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 μm to 2 mm, preferably 10 μm.
１1 mm, more preferably about 10 μm to 1000 μm, and is selected according to the particle size of the target pellet seed. The mica particles are usually in the form of an irregular thin plate or the like, and the particle diameter is preferably measured, for example, by microscopic observation.

The type of mica is not particularly limited as long as the mica is in such a form. Examples of natural pimples include those belonging to the series of white mung, such as white mung, red mound, sodown mum, sericite, vanadin mum, and illite, and black mum. Any of the family belonging to the black plum series, such as plum, plum, plum, plum, and plum can be preferably used.

Also, synthetic plums in which OH of natural plums are substituted with F, for example, fuscoplums, teniolite,
It is also possible to use fluorescein moth etc.

The amount of mica used is not critical,
Although it can be changed appropriately, it is usually 1 to 40% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the pellet seed after drying.
More preferably, it is 1 to 5% by weight.

To fix mica to the surface of the pellet seed,
As described above, it is preferable to use a water-soluble binder as the binder. The water-soluble polymer used for such a water-soluble binder is not particularly limited as long as it is a water-soluble polymer having no harmful plant.
Polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylamine, polyethylene oxide, methylcellulose (MC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC),
Hydroxy chitosan, hydroxymethyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl chitosan,
It is at least one selected from the group consisting of pullulan, starch, gelatin, gum arabic and maleic anhydride.

These water-soluble binders are usually 1 to 60
It is used as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 5% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight, or adjusted to a viscosity range of about 0.1 to 50 cps. The amount of the water-soluble binder used is about 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 10% by weight, and more preferably about 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the polymer solid, of the pellet seed after drying. It is.

Various types of granulators can be applied as a granulator suitable for coating and granulating seeds, and a so-called rolling granulator is most preferable. For example, a rotating pan type (rotating pan type) with a horizontal or inclined rotary pan (rotating pan)
) In addition to a granulator, a rotary drum type granulator, etc., a stirring type granulator using a stirring blade, seeds are placed in an upright cylinder having a bottom portion formed of a perforated plate, and air is introduced from a lower portion of the perforated plate. Spout-bed granulators and fluidized-bed granulators that feed and flow such gases can also be used.

In the case of using a rotary dish type (rotating pan type) granulator, plant seeds, silica, talc, sericite, silicate earth, kaolin, etc., which become original seeds in a rotating dish or a rotating drum, are used. A water-soluble binder is sprayed from a spray nozzle disposed at an appropriate position on a drum while rolling the inorganic powder, which is a granulating material, and the inorganic powder is bound to form a coating granulation operation. Is performed to obtain pelleted seeds obtained by coating and granulating the plant seeds.

The drying of the pellet seeds after the completion of the coating granulation operation can be carried out by transferring the pellet seeds to another dryer. However, hot air such as a heated air stream is fed into a rotary dish granulator or the like. It is also possible to carry out the drying in the granulator by introducing.

In order to form a layer mainly composed of mica on the surface of the pellet seed obtained as described above, mica is preferably coated with a water-soluble binder as described above.
Affix to the pellet seed surface. In this case, once the pellet seeds have been dried, the pellet seeds and the mica are charged into an appropriate coating device, and a water-soluble binder is sprayed while rolling the two, so that the mica covers the surface of the pellet seeds. To be fixed. As a coating device for fixing mica to the surface of the pellet seed, the same type of rotary granulator (rotating pan type), rotary drum type granulator, or jet type as used for seed granulation is used. A bed granulator or a fluidized bed granulator can be used as a coating device (coater).

In some cases, a water-soluble binder is sprayed to perform a coating granulation operation while rolling the plant seeds and the inorganic powder in a rotary dish-type (rotating pan type) granulator or the like. First, a pellet seed obtained by coating and granulating the seed,
It is also a preferable embodiment that mica is further added while the pellet surface is wet with the water-soluble binder to fix the mica to the pellet seed surface. If necessary, the mica fixing operation may be performed while spraying the water-soluble binder is continued.

When the mica is adhered to the surface of the pellet seed, instead of charging both the pellet seed and the mica in a coater such as a rotary mold from the beginning, only the pellet seed is charged. A mica supply feeder or shooter for supplying mica may be provided together with the spray nozzle for spraying the water-soluble binder. Thus, the mica can be firmly adhered to the surface of the pellet seed by rotating the pellet seed as the base while supplying the water-soluble binder from the spray nozzle and the mica from the feeder or the like. In addition, even when such an operation is performed, a water-soluble binder is sprayed first to form a film of the water-soluble binder on the surface of the pellet seed, and subsequently, mica is supplied, and the water-soluble binder is first formed. Contacting the mica with the wet coating of the water-soluble binder,
Mica may be well adhered to the pellet seed surface.

The pellet seed having mica adhered to the surface as described above is then forcibly dried in a drier such as a hot-air drier, or left to dry naturally to remove moisture. I do.

Thus, a pellet seed obtained by forming a layer mainly composed of mica on the surface of the pellet seed obtained by coating and granulating the plant seed is obtained. Here, the layer mainly composed of mica refers to a layer in which only mica substantially covers the pellet seed surface in a layered manner, and a layer containing mica as a main component and partially mixed with an inorganic powder such as talc or a water-soluble binder. , And the mica does not form a continuous film but covers the surface discretely. In short, what is necessary is just to improve the machine seeding adaptability described later or its hardness.

The layer may be a single layer formed from one sheet of mica or a plurality of layers of mica particles.

Before forming the mica layer, it is preferable that the particle diameter of the base pellet seeds is uniformed by a sieving means or the like in order to obtain a product having a uniform particle diameter more suitable for mechanical sowing. Similarly, it is also preferable to perform a sieving operation on mica layer-forming pellet seeds that are actual products.

[0042]

According to the present invention, the pellet seed having a layer mainly composed of mica on the surface is apparently glossy and smooth on the surface, and is at least as small as the pellet seed before the mica layer is formed. Its machine seeding adaptability is significantly improved. That is, in this sense, the layer mainly composed of mica functions as a layer for improving the seeding adaptability of pellet seeds.

There are various types of sowing machines to which the present invention can be applied, but the following types are particularly preferable.

That is, (1) a roll-type seeder in which a roll is provided with a round hole or a groove, and the roll is rotated to feed out a fixed amount of seed from an upper hopper containing the seed; A rotating plate type in which holes and notches are provided, and the seeds in the holes and notches are fed out from the upper hopper by rotating a disk. (3) A belt with a round hole is rotated, and seeds are transferred from the upper hopper to the holes. It is a belt type that is dropped and fed out.

The reason why the adaptability to mechanical seeding is improved by forming a layer mainly composed of mica on the surface has not been elucidated exactly, but it is probably in the form of a thin plate, leaf flake, scale, etc. It is presumed that the mica microparticles were in a state of being arranged on the surface of the pellet seed, like a tile on the wall surface, or affixed so as to cover the same, on the surface of the pellet seed in the process of fixing with the water-soluble binder.

Originally, the surface of each pellet seed, when observed in a microscopic state, is not in a smooth state in which relatively coarse inorganic powder particles are exposed everywhere. The particles of mica, which are elastic, slippery, and easily cleave, cover the rough surface of the mica like a tile formed on the wall surface, forming a smooth surface state. By doing
It is believed that the surface friction of each pellet seed is reduced, making it much easier to slip. This state has been confirmed by SEM observation, as described in Examples below.

Thus, when the pellet seed having such a mica layer is accommodated in the hopper of the above-described seeding machine, the friction between the pellet seed and the friction between the pellet seed and the wall surface of the outlet of the hopper is greatly reduced. It is considered that the oil is quickly discharged to the round hole of the seeding machine.

As described above, the pellet seed having a layer mainly composed of mica on the surface has an effect of at least remarkably improving the adaptability to mechanical seeding. Since the hardness of the seed increases, a great effect of effectively preventing cracking, disintegration, and crushing during transportation and mechanical sowing can also be achieved.

That is, according to the SEM observation of the cross section of the pellet seed, the inorganic powder layer (granulating material layer) of the pellet seed as the base is a relatively sparse layer having voids, It has been confirmed that the mica layer formed on the surface is a denser layer having almost no voids, and this is considered to have contributed to increasing the hardness of the pellet seed.

It should be noted that the mica layer-forming pellet seed of the present invention is not different from the base pellet seed in germination performance as shown in the following Examples.

[0051]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. However, these are merely examples of the embodiments, and the technical scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited thereto.

(1) Preparation of Substrate Pellet Seeds A rotary dish granulator was used as an apparatus. Mixed powder 1 consisting of 6,730 g of Chinese cabbage seed and 85% by weight of silicate earth and 15% of talc as a granulating material (inorganic powder)
3,850 g was charged into a granulator, and a 10% by weight aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as a water-soluble binder while rolling the seeds and the mixed powder.
000 g was sprayed, and the Chinese cabbage seeds were coated and granulated with silicate earth and talc to obtain Chinese cabbage pellet seeds having an average particle diameter of 3.5 mm.

(2) Preparation of Pellet Seeds with Mica Layer Formed on Surface Using this apparatus, a treatment for forming a mica layer on the surface of the pellet seeds was subsequently performed.

That is, in a state where the surface of the pellet seed is wet with the water-soluble binder, 5% by weight of the mica (
Mica was fixed to the surface of the pellet seeds while being rolled in the same manner as described above. In addition,
At this time, 10% of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
An additional 2,500 g of a weight% aqueous solution was sprayed so that the mica was more firmly fixed to the pellet seed surface. After the fixing was completed, the coating was dried at 40 ° C. for 3 hours. Thus, pellet seeds of Chinese cabbage having a mica layer formed on the surface were obtained.

When the pellet seed was observed by SEM, it was observed that the thin mica covered the seed surface and formed a smooth surface state. On the other hand, before the formation of the mica layer, the surface of the pellet seed was exposed to fine particles, which were considered to be mainly silicate earth particles.

When the pellet seed was cut and the cross section was observed, it was observed that the mica thin plates were layered and a dense mica layer having a thickness of about several tens μm was formed.

(3) Mica amount and processing suitability test Except that the added mica weight was changed to 3, 10, 20, 30, and 40% by weight (based on dry pellet seed weight),
Pellet seeds having a mica layer formed were prepared in the same manner as in (2). For each, the residual moisture content and hardness after drying were measured. The hardness was measured with a Kiya hardness tester for 20 particles, and the average was shown. The results are shown in Table 1 together with (2), in which 5% by weight of mica was added, using the pellet seeds not forming a mica layer (base pellet seeds) as a control.

[0058]

[Table 1] Even when the amount of added mica was changed, no particular difference was observed in the formation suitability of the mica layer in terms of processability.
As is clear from Table 1, as the amount of mica increases,
Since the hardness of the mica layer-forming pellet seed increases, cracking, collapsing, and crushing during transportation and mechanical sowing can be prevented. That is, it is possible to increase the amount of added mica to a level that does not hinder transportation or mechanical seeding, and sufficiently increase the hardness. Also, even if the amount of mica increases, there is almost no difference in the residual water content. This means that it is easy to control the drying conditions so as to be in a water state suitable for long-term storage of the seed, almost without being influenced by the amount of added mica.

(4) Germination test of mica layer-forming pellet seeds The mica layer-forming pellet seeds formed in (3) were
A germination test was performed. In the test, the germination force and the germination rate were measured according to the Liebenberg test method. The results are shown in Table 2. The pellet seeds differing in the amount of mica added showed almost no difference in germination performance from the control pellet seeds in the amount of mica added from 3% by weight to 40% by weight. That is, even if the amount of added mica is increased and the mica layer is thickened, it is considered that there is no significant difference in germination performance.

[0060]

[Table 2]

(5) Mechanical Seeding Test of Pellet Seeds A mechanical seeding test was performed on both the base pellet seeds and the mica layer-forming pellet seeds. As a seeding machine, a roll-type seeding machine that was found to have the most likely difference in mechanical seeding performance as a result of a preliminary test was used.

As a model for the test, a tempal and a multi-tree type, which are models for a field, were used. The seeding interval was set to 9 cm for the tempal type, and 18 cm for the Taki type, and the mechanical seeding test was actually repeated three times in the field for the pellet seeds with the added amount of mica of 3% by weight. For tempals,
In the range of sowing intervals of 3 cm to 45 cm, and in the case of the multi-tree type, in the range of 3 cm to 105 cm, the number of pellet seeds dropped at each interval is measured and displayed as a frequency for the whole, that is, a drop rate, The results of averaging are shown in FIG. 3 (tempal) and FIG. 4 (Takiki).

As compared with the base pellet seed (control product),
The mica layer-forming pellet seeds are sown intensively at the set sowing interval and in the vicinity thereof, and it is clear that the sowing accuracy is greatly improved.

On the other hand, the frequency of falling of the base pellet seed, which is the control product, was much broader, indicating that the characteristics of mechanical sowing were not sufficiently exhibited. Similar tests were performed on 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 40 wt% of mica layer-forming pellet seeds, and almost the same results were obtained.

[0065]

As is apparent from the above examples, the mica layer-forming pellet seeds of the present invention have significantly improved mechanical seeding properties as compared with the base pellet seeds having no mica layer formed thereon. I have.

Further, by forming the mica layer, the hardness of the pellet seed is increased, so that cracking, collapsing, and crushing during transportation and mechanical sowing can be effectively prevented.

It should be noted that the mica layer-forming pellet seed of the present invention is not different from the base pellet seed in germination performance.

That is, by using the mica-forming pellet seed of the present invention, the effect of mechanical sowing can be enjoyed to the utmost, and the labor is greatly reduced, which makes a great contribution to the rationalization of agricultural production. I have to say that it can do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a pellet seed formed with a mica layer of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a pellet seed formed with a mica layer of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the mechanical seeding accuracy of the mica layer-forming pellet seed of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the mechanical seeding accuracy of the mica layer-forming pellet seed of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Plant seed 20 Granulated material layer 30 Pellet seed 40 Layer mainly composed of mica

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A pellet seed obtained by coating and granulating a plant seed, wherein a layer mainly composed of mica is formed on the surface of the pellet seed. 2. The pellet seed according to claim 1, wherein the layer mainly composed of mica is a mechanical seeding adaptability improving layer for improving at least the mechanical seeding adaptability. 3. The pellet seed according to claim 1, wherein the mica is fixed to the surface of the pellet seed to form a layer mainly composed of mica. 4. The pellet seed according to claim 1, wherein 1 to 40% by weight of the mica is fixed to the pellet seed. 5. The pellet seed according to claim 3, wherein the mica is fixed to the pellet seed with a water-soluble binder. 6. The pellet seed according to claim 3, wherein the step of fixing mica to the pellet seed is performed by a granulator for coating and granulating the plant seed. 7. The step of fixing mica to pellet seeds is performed subsequent to the step of coating and granulating plant seeds.
A pellet seed as described. 8. The pellet seed according to claim 1, wherein the powder material used for coating granulation is an inorganic powder. 9. The pellet seed according to claim 8, which is coated and granulated by using a water-soluble binder together with the inorganic powder. 10. The pellet seed according to claim 9, wherein the granulation of the mica and the coating granulation with the inorganic powder are performed using the same water-soluble binder.