JP2000039128A - Waste disposal equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dispose of waste without influence upon environment by equipment with a simple structute. SOLUTION: Water is electrolyzed by a blown gas generator 21 and blown gas in which hydrogen and oxygen is mixed with each other at a voluminal ratio of 2:1 is generated. The blown gas is compressed by a compressor 22 and stored in a high pressure tank 24. Thereafter, the gas is supplied to ring- shaped gas burners 121-123 in an incinerator 10 through a pressure reducing valve 25, flow rate adjusting valves 271-273, etc. The blown gas is upwardly and obliquely jetted from the nozzles 12a of the gas burners 121-123 toward the central part and ignited. Waste 1 which has fallen from a feed opening 1 at the upper part of the incinerator 10, drops while being burned, thermally decomposed, and molten in the blown gas flame of 2,500 deg.C or higher temperature, In this way, the residue taken out of a discharge opening 14 is less and pollution-free and exhaust gas including harmful organic substances is not produced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus for treating waste at a high temperature by burning brown gas or the like obtained by electrolysis of water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional waste incineration apparatus, in general, waste is incinerated at a high temperature to reduce its volume, and ash as a residue is further melted at a higher temperature to remove harmful substances such as heavy metals in a glassy substance. The method of being confined to is adopted. As a technique for treating flame-retardant harmful substances, there is a waste decomposition treatment method using supercritical water. Supercritical water is a gas in which water is no longer distinguished from a gaseous liquid and is uniformly mixed when it exceeds a critical point at a pressure of 22.5 MPa (about 220 atm) and a temperature of 374 ° C. . The waste decomposition treatment method using supercritical water involves mixing harmful substances such as organic substances with oxygen in the supercritical water and promoting the decomposition of the harmful substances, thereby finally producing carbon dioxide, water and inorganic salts. Decomposes into harmless substances such as

[0003]

However, the conventional waste disposal method has the following problems. In the waste incineration method, for example, in order to decompose and detoxify harmful substances such as dioxin generated when burning vinyl chloride, it was necessary to maintain the temperature in the incinerator at a high temperature of 1500 ° C. or more. . Further, in order to obtain this high temperature, heat generated by burning the waste itself is used, so that a large amount of combustion air is required. For this reason,
An incinerator capable of withstanding such a high temperature was required, and the equipment was complicated, and the construction cost was high. In addition, nitrogen oxides are generated by nitrogen in air used for combustion, which contributes to global warming due to exhaust gas. Further, at the start and end of operation of the incinerator, incineration is performed in a state where the temperature does not reach a predetermined temperature, so that there is a problem that generation of harmful substances cannot be avoided.

On the other hand, in the method of decomposing waste, for example, in order to perform waste treatment using supercritical water at a pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 650 ° C., a processing container capable of withstanding such high temperature and high pressure is required. Cost was high. Further, it takes a considerable heating time to obtain such high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water, so that it is difficult to set up the apparatus quickly. Furthermore, it is essentially difficult to put waste into an atmosphere under an ultra-high pressure. Therefore, there is a problem in processing work that continuous processing cannot be performed. The present invention solves the problems of the prior art by using a high temperature generated by a combustion gas such as a brown gas, and has a simple structure capable of treating waste without affecting the environment. Is provided.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is a waste disposal apparatus, wherein a waste to be treated is put into almost the center of an upper part and dropped. A processing furnace having an input port for taking out a processed residue at a lower portion, and a processing furnace disposed at predetermined intervals in the processing furnace so as to surround a falling path of waste in the processing furnace. A plurality of annular outlet pipes each having a plurality of nozzles for injecting the combustion gas obliquely upward toward the center of the falling path, and the combustion gas in which fuel gas and oxygen for combustion thereof are mixed. And a gas generator for generating the gas and supplying the gas to the blowing pipe.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the waste disposal apparatus is configured as described above, the following operation is performed.
The combustion gas generated by mixing the fuel gas and the oxygen in the gas generator is supplied to a plurality of blow-out tubes arranged at predetermined intervals in the processing furnace. The combustion gas is injected obliquely upward from a plurality of nozzles of the outlet pipe toward the center of the falling path of the waste. When the combustion gas is ignited, a high-temperature flame that is blown obliquely upward is generated on the falling path of the waste in the processing furnace. When the waste to be treated is introduced from the inlet at the top of the treatment furnace, the waste gradually falls while being blown up in a high-temperature flame. As a result, the residue of the waste that has been incinerated, pyrolyzed, and melted by being exposed to high temperatures for a long time falls to the lower part of the processing furnace and is taken out from the outlet. According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the waste treatment device, the waste gas is disposed at predetermined intervals in the exhaust pipe so as to surround an exhaust gas passage in the exhaust pipe of the waste combustion furnace. A plurality of annular blowing pipes having a plurality of nozzles for injecting gas, and a gas generator for generating the combustion gas in which fuel gas and oxygen for combustion thereof are mixed and supplying the gas to the blowing pipe. Have.

According to the second invention, the following operation is performed. The combustion gas generated by mixing the fuel gas and oxygen in the gas generator is supplied to a plurality of outlet pipes arranged at predetermined intervals in an exhaust pipe of a waste combustion furnace. The combustion gas is injected toward the center of the exhaust pipe from a plurality of nozzles of the blowing pipe. When the combustion gas is ignited, a high-temperature flame is generated in the passage of the waste gas in the exhaust pipe. As a result, harmful substances and the like contained in the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe are exposed to high temperatures and thermally decomposed, so that harmless exhaust gas is obtained. According to a third aspect of the present invention, the gas generator in the first and second waste treatment apparatuses generates brown gas in which hydrogen and oxygen are mixed at a volume ratio of 2: 1 by electrolyzing water,
The gas is supplied as the combustion gas. According to the third invention, the following operation is performed in the gas generator. Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis. The generated hydrogen and oxygen at a volume ratio of 2: 1 are mixed and supplied to a plurality of blow-off pipes as a combustion gas.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste disposal apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention. This waste treatment apparatus is a treatment furnace (combustion, pyrolysis, and melting treatment for harmful substances such as PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) and infectious waste 1 such as syringes discarded from hospitals and the like. For example, a fusing furnace 10 is provided. The furnace 10 is a vertical cylindrical furnace,
The inner wall is protected by heat-resistant bricks. An inlet 11 for dropping the waste 1 to be treated into a predetermined position in the furnace 10 is provided at an upper portion of the furnace 10.
Is provided. Further, a plurality of ring-shaped blowing pipes (for example, gas burners) 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , and 12 ₃ for generating a high temperature are provided at predetermined intervals in the melting furnace 10. Each of the gas burners 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ has a diameter of, for example, about 2 m, and the wastes 1 dropped from the inlet 11 are sequentially arranged in a range of about 1 m in diameter at the center of the gas burners 12 _{1 to} 12 _3. It is designed to fall through. Gas burner 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ are all the same configuration, 8-12 nozzles 12a for injecting combustion gas obliquely upward toward the center of the ring are provided at equal intervals. In addition, each of the gas burners 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃
Are arranged so as not to be aligned on a vertical line but to be shifted from each other. Thereby, the waste 1 dropped from the charging port 11 is dropped while being heated substantially uniformly regardless of the drop position.

[0009] Each gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 _3, the spark plug _{131-134 3} for igniting the combustion gas injected from the respective nozzles 12a are connected. Spark plugs _{131-134 3} is to ignite the combustion gas by the electric spark. At the bottom of the incinerator 10, there is provided an outlet 14 for taking out the residue of the waste 1 that has fallen after being incinerated, pyrolyzed and melted. The outlet 14 is closed during the incineration and melting of the waste, and cooling water for cooling the residue is provided at the bottom of the incinerator 10. An exhaust port 15 is provided in the upper part of the furnace 10, and the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged from the exhaust port 15.

On the other hand, this waste treatment apparatus has a brown gas generator 21 for generating brown gas for combustion. Brown gas is a mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas obtained from the electrolysis of water, and was proposed as a safe combustion gas in Australia in the early 1970s by Dr. Yule Brown, born in Bulgaria. The characteristic of brown gas is that if it is strictly maintained at a 2: 1 volume ratio of hydrogen gas to oxygen gas, like gas obtained by electrolysis of water, it can be safely stored without danger of explosion. There is a point that can. As a matter of course, the ignition causes combustion without supply of oxygen from the outside, and after the combustion, only steam is generated. The theoretical value of the combustion temperature of the brown gas is 3450 ° C., and the calorific value is 2600 kcal / m ³ . Brown gas generator 2
No. 1 efficiently electrolyzes water to generate such a brown gas, and one example thereof is described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3037633.

The output side of the brown gas generator 21 is
An impreza 22 is connected. Compressor 22
Is the pressure of about 2 kg generated by the brown gas generator 21
/ Cm ^TwoCompression of brown gas, maximum 150kg / c
m^TwoThe gas pressure of the order is obtained. Compressor 22
Output side is connected to high pressure tank 24 via dehumidifier 23
Have been. The dehumidifier 23 is made of a moisture absorbing material such as silica gel.
By passing the brown gas through this brown gas
It absorbs the water contained in it. In addition, high pressure
The ink 24 can supply brown gas up to 150 kg / cm.^TwoAbout
It is intended to be stored at a moderate gas pressure.

A pressure reducing valve 25 is provided at the output side of the high pressure tank 24.
Is connected, and about 1 kg /
Brown gas with a gas pressure of cm ² can be taken out. On the output side of the pressure reducing valve 25, a plurality of flow regulating valves 27 ₁ , 27 ₂ ,.
27 ₃ are connected. The backfire protector 26 is for preventing fire from flowing back and burning into the brown gas in the high-pressure tank 24 when, for example, the gas pressure in the high-pressure tank 24 is reduced. It is structured to go out. Flow control valve 27
_{1-27 3} is a valve for adjusting the flow rate of the brown gas required for combustion. The output side of the flow control valve ₂₇ 1-27 _3, respectively, via a high-speed cutoff valve _{28 1,} 28 2, 28 ₃ are connected to the gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 ₃ in ShoToruro 10. Fast cut-off valve 28 _{1-28 3} is to prevent flashback by blocking brown gas at high speed at the time of fire extinguishing.

Next, the operation will be described. First, the brown gas generator 21 is operated using midnight power or the like to generate brown gas. The generated brown gas is compressed by the compressor 22 and the moisture is removed by the dehumidifier 23, and then stored in the high-pressure tank 24. Brown gas generator 21 and the compressor 22, the pressure of the Brown gas of the high-pressure tank 24 is operated until it reaches about 150 kg / cm ^2, and stops when gas pressure reaches about 150 kg / cm ^2. When the gas pressure in the high-pressure tank 24 decreases to a certain value, the brown gas generator 21 and the compressor 22 are restarted.

Next, before the waste 1 is treated,
To generate flames due to hot brown gas
Quick shutoff valve 28₁~ 28₃Open the gas burner 12₁~
12 ₃When the brown gas is injected from the nozzle 12a of
In both cases, the spark plug 13₁~ 13₃By this bro
Ignite gas. Gas burner 12₁~ 12₃Each nose
Brown gas is ignited
And the flame is a ring-shaped gas burner 12₁~ 12₃of
Extends above the center. Here, the flow control valve 27 ₁~ 27
₃Using the gas burner 12₁~ 12₃Of diameter
Adjust the gas flow to reach 7/10. Blau
The theoretical combustion temperature of gas is 3450 ° C.
By the operation, the fall area of the waste 1 in the melting furnace 10
Easily filled with brown gas flame above 2500 ℃
Can be made. As described above, the brows
Filled with gas flame and ready for waste disposal
At this point, the material to be treated is supplied from the inlet 11 at the top of the furnace 10.
Waste 1 is dropped. However, the amount of waste 1 to be dropped
Is the amount of heat required to burn and melt the waste 1
Calculated from the flow rate of brown gas supplied to the furnace 10
It is necessary to set an appropriate amount based on the relationship with the calorific value.
is there.

The inlet 11 of waste 1 was dropped from the fall through the inside of the flame of brown gas injected from the gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 _3. At this time, since the flame is sprayed obliquely upward from the periphery toward the center, the dropped waste 1 is slowed down by the flame that blows upward, and is incinerated while floating in the high-temperature flame for a long time. After being pyrolyzed and melted, the residue falls into the cooling water at the bottom of the furnace 10. When extinguishing the incinerator 10 after the treatment of the waste 1 is completed, first, in order to prevent flashback of the brown gas in the high-pressure tank 24, the flow control valve 271 is used.
_{1-27 3} by squeezing the flame to a minimum, then fast shutoff valve 2
8a to 28c are closed.

As described above, the waste disposal apparatus of the first embodiment has the following advantages (1) to (7). (1) In the smelting furnace 10, while using brown gas which is a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel,
Is melt-processed, so there is no need to take in oxygen or air for combustion from outside, and the equipment can be simplified. (2) Since the incinerator 10 does not take in air for incinerating the waste 1 itself, almost no exhaust gas is generated, and there is little adverse effect on the environment. (3) Only brown gas, a mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen, is used as fuel. For this reason, depending on the combustion of the fuel, since only water is generated and no exhaust gas is emitted, there is no adverse effect on the environment. (4) generating a high-temperature region in the central part by a gas burner 12 ₁ to 12 ₃ of the ring, since so as to drop the waste 1 in the region of the high-temperature, compare the temperature of the wall surface of ShoToruro 10 Temperature can be kept at a very low temperature, and the equipment can be simplified.

(5) Since the gas burners 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ inject the flame obliquely upward by the nozzle 12a, the time for the falling waste 1 to stay in the high-temperature flame becomes longer. Thus, thermal decomposition and melting can be reliably performed. (6) Since the structure is such that the waste 1 is introduced from the introduction port 11 during the high temperature generated by the combustion of the brown gas, the waste 1 is immediately subjected to thermal decomposition and melting at a high temperature. Thus, there is no risk of generating harmful substances due to low-temperature combustion at the start and end of the incineration melting process. (7) Since the waste 1 is melt-processed at the high temperature generated by the combustion of the brown gas, residues such as ash are melted into glass, and harmful substances such as heavy metals are contained in the glass-like residue. Since the substance is confined, disposal of the residue is easy.

[0018]Second embodiment FIG. 2 shows a waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the second embodiment.
Sign is attached. This waste treatment equipment is for example incinerated
It is installed by being inserted in the middle of the furnace exhaust pipe.
Such as dioxin contained in exhaust gas flowing through the trachea
It detoxifies harmful gases by thermal decomposition. This disposal
The material processing apparatus is, for example, a discharge device having a diameter of about 1 m and a length of about 2.4 m.
The exhaust processing pipe 30 has both ends.
Is connected to the exhaust pipe of the incinerator. exhaust
Inside the processing tube 30, a plurality of phosphors having a diameter of about 90 cm are provided.
Gas burner 12₁~ 12₃Are provided at predetermined intervals
These gas burners 12₁~ 12₃The center of the ring
The exhaust gas is arranged so as to flow. Gas burner
12₁~ 12₃Has 8 to 12 nozzles 12
b are provided at equal intervals.
Gas burner 12₁~ 12₃To the center of the combustion
Is injected. These gas burners
12 ₁~ 12₃In the same way as in Fig. 1,
Valve 27₁~ 27₃, And high-speed shut-off valve 28₁~ 28₃Through
Then, brown gas is supplied.

Next, the operation will be described. First, similarly to the first embodiment, a brown gas generator is operated using midnight power or the like to generate brown gas, and a gas pressure of 150 k
About g / cm ² of brown gas is stored in a high-pressure tank. Then, before the exhaust gas from the incinerator is output by opening the fast cut-off valve ₂₈ 1-28 _3, gas burners ₁₂ 1 -
To inject Brown gas from 12 ₃ nozzles 12b to ignite. When fire is attached to Brown gas injected from the nozzle 12b of the gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 _3, the flame extends over the center of the ring-shaped gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 _3. Here, by using the flow regulating valve 27a to 27c, flame adjusts the gas flow rate so as to reach 7/10 of the diameter of the gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 _3. By the above operation, the exhaust gas passage in the exhaust processing pipe 30 can be easily filled with the brown gas flame of 2500 ° C. or more.

Thereafter, the incinerator is operated. Exhaust gas generated by incineration of waste is heated to a high temperature of 2500 ° C. or more by passing through an exhaust treatment pipe 30 inserted in the middle of the exhaust pipe, and harmful substances such as dioxin are thermally decomposed and made harmless. Exhaust gas is obtained. As mentioned above,
The waste treatment apparatus of the second embodiment is designed to thermally decompose harmful substances discharged from an incinerator using high temperature generated by the combustion of brown gas, so that the harmful substances are surely decomposed. Has the advantage that it can be rendered harmless.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be variously modified. For example, there are the following modifications (a) to (e). (A) gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 ₃ is not limited to three. An appropriate number of gas burners 12 can be provided at appropriate intervals so as to obtain a predetermined high temperature in accordance with the amount of waste to be treated. (B) The combustion gas is not limited to brown gas.
A gas in which a gas serving as a fuel is mixed with oxygen necessary for burning the gas is similarly applicable. However, care must be taken because, depending on the type of gas used as fuel, exhaust gas that may cause environmental destruction may be produced.

(C) The compressor 22, the high-pressure tank 24 and the like can be omitted as long as a combustion gas having a predetermined pressure can be supplied from a gas generator such as the brown gas generator 21. (D) Although the exhaust gas treatment pipe 30 in FIG. 2 is arranged in the horizontal direction and the exhaust gas flows in the horizontal direction,
The same operation and effect can be obtained by disposing in the vertical direction. (E) In addition to the gas burner ₁₂ 1 to 12 ₃ in FIG. 2,
Fourth gas burner 12 for supplying ozone, hydrogen peroxide, etc.
₄ may be provided. As a result, the chemical substances remaining in the exhaust gas are bleached and reduced, and the harmless exhaust gas is obtained.

[0023]

As described above in detail, according to the first aspect, the waste to be treated is charged and dropped in the processing furnace obliquely upward toward the center of the fall path of the waste. A plurality of outlet pipes each having a nozzle for injecting a combustion gas into the nozzle are arranged. As a result, a high-temperature flame can be easily obtained with a simple structure.
It can be thermally decomposed and melted, and has the effect that waste can be treated without affecting the environment.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a plurality of outlet pipes having nozzles for injecting combustion gas toward the center of the exhaust pipe are arranged so as to surround the exhaust gas passage in the exhaust pipe. I have. Thus, a high-temperature flame can be easily obtained with a simple structure, and the high temperature can thermally decompose harmful substances in the exhaust gas, thereby making the waste gas harmless. According to the third invention, there is provided a gas generator for mixing a combustion gas with hydrogen having a volume ratio of 2: 1 obtained by electrolysis of water and oxygen to generate brown gas. Therefore, the combustion of the combustion gas does not generate an exhaust gas such as carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen oxide which causes global warming, and has an effect that the adverse effect on the environment can be extremely reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste disposal apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a waste disposal apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 waste 10 incinerator 11 inlet 12 _{1 to} 12 ₃ gas burner 12 a, 12 b nozzle 13 _{1 to} 13 ₃ spark plug 14 outlet 21 brown gas generator 22 compressor 23 dehumidifier 24 high pressure tank 25 pressure reducing valve 26 flashback protector 27 _{1 to} 27 ₃ Flow control valve 28 _{1 to} 28 ₃ High-speed shut-off valve 30 Exhaust processing pipe

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A processing furnace having an input port for inputting and dropping waste to be processed at substantially the center of an upper portion, and an outlet port for removing processed residues at a lower portion; A plurality of nozzles arranged at predetermined intervals in the processing furnace so as to surround the falling path of the waste in, and having a plurality of nozzles for injecting the combustion gas obliquely upward toward the center of the falling path. And a gas generator that generates the combustion gas in which the fuel gas and the oxygen for combustion thereof are mixed and supplies the gas to the blow-off tube. 2. A plurality of exhaust pipes arranged at predetermined intervals in an exhaust pipe of a waste combustion furnace so as to surround an exhaust gas passage in the exhaust pipe and inject combustion gas toward a center of the exhaust pipe. A plurality of annular blowing pipes having the nozzles described above, and a gas generator that generates the combustion gas in which a fuel gas and oxygen for combustion thereof are mixed and supplies the gas to the blowing pipe. Waste treatment equipment. 3. The gas generator according to claim 1, wherein the gas generator electrolyzes water to generate a brown gas in which hydrogen and oxygen are mixed at a volume ratio of 2: 1 and supplies the brown gas as the combustion gas. 3. The waste disposal apparatus according to 1 or 2.