JP2000018761A - Method for operating absorption heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid firing without load in a rectifying column. SOLUTION: At the time of starting an operation, an opening/closing valve 51 is opened to start an absorption liquid circulating pump 28, and an absorption liquid C stored in an absorption liquid tank 19 of an absorber 5 is transferred to a rectifier 2. Then, a liquid level of the liquid C in the absorber 5 becomes a first level or lower, a burner 7 is ignited to start heating. At the normal time, the pump 28 is controlled so that the level of the liquid C in the absorber 5 is in a predetermined range. Meanwhile, at the time of stopping the operation, the pump 28 is controlled ON, OFF until a temperature sensor 52 detects a lower temperature than a predetermined temperature so that the level of the liquid C in the absorber 5 becomes a predetermined range. The operation of the pump 28 is stopped by waiting for detection of a lower temperature than the predetermined temperature by the sensor 52. At the time of stopping the operation of the pump 28, the valve 51 is closed so that the liquid C does not reversely flow to the absorber 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption heat pump device used for a heating / cooling machine, a water heater and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this type of absorption heat pump device, for example, one having a structure shown in FIG. 2 has been proposed.

In FIG. 2, an absorption heat pump apparatus denoted by reference numeral 1X heats an absorption liquid C containing a refrigerant A for heat exchange and vaporizes the refrigerant A from the absorption liquid C to form a refrigerant A and an absorption liquid B A condenser 3 for condensing and liquefying the refrigerant vapor A supplied from the rectifier 2, and the refrigerant liquid A supplied from the condenser 3 is supplied to the inside. At the same time, an appropriate heat medium that is forcibly brought into contact with the outer surface, for example, an evaporator 4 that removes latent heat of evaporation from the outside air D to vaporize the refrigerant liquid A, and a refrigerant vapor A supplied from the evaporator 4,
Reactor 2 absorbs refrigerant A by reacting with absorbent B supplied from rectifier 2 to produce absorbent C containing refrigerant A, and circulates absorbent C to rectifier 2. And an absorber 5 to be used.

[0004] The rectifier 2 is an upright cylindrical rectification tower 6.
And a regenerator 8 provided below the rectification tower 6 and provided with a burner 7 for heating the absorbing liquid C containing the refrigerant A and functioning as a heating unit. Refrigerant liquid spraying means 9A for spraying the refrigerant liquid A into the rectification tower 6.
And an absorbent dispersing means 9B for dispersing the absorbing liquid C in the rectification tower 6, and a refrigerant liquid dispersing means 9A and a regenerator 8 interposed therebetween. The condenser 3 is provided with a refrigerant liquid tank 11 for storing the condensed refrigerant A and a refrigerant liquid dispersing means 9A.

[0005] The evaporator 4 is composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes 12 erected.
An upper header 13 for connecting the upper ends of the heat transfer tubes 12 to each other, a lower header 14 for connecting the lower ends of the heat transfer tubes 12 to each other, and a lengthwise direction of the heat transfer tubes 12. A large number of heat transfer fins 15 are provided at intervals and the heat transfer tubes 12 are fixed in a penetrating state.
Further, the refrigerant liquid tank 11 communicates with the upper end of each heat transfer tube 12 via the refrigerant liquid supply pipe 16, and the upper header 13 communicates with the upper part of the absorber 5 via the communication pipe 17. Further, the lower header 14 communicates with the absorbent tank 19 provided at the lower end of the absorber 5 via the communication pipe 18.

On the other hand, the absorber 5 has an absorbing droplet lowering means 20 to which a communicating pipe 17 connected to the upper header 13 of the evaporator 4 is connected, and an interval below the absorbing droplet lowering means 20. A plurality of heat transfer tubes disposed therein for storing the absorbing liquid B that has absorbed the refrigerant by reacting with the refrigerant vapor A, that is, the absorbing liquid C, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes communicating the absorbing liquid dropping means 20 with the absorbing liquid tank 19; And an exterior body 2 provided around the heat transfer tubes 21 and forming a cooling water flow path 22 between the absorbing liquid dropping means 20 and the absorbing liquid tank 19.
The evaporator 4 is configured to suck the vaporized refrigerant A in the heat transfer tube 12 of the evaporator 4 by lowering its internal pressure.

[0007] Absorbing liquid dropping means 20 is connected to an absorbing liquid supply pipe 24 for supplying the absorbing liquid B concentrated in the regenerator 8 at an upper portion thereof. A dispersing plate 25 arranged so as to be divided is mounted, a heat transfer tube 21 is fixed below the dispersing plate 25, and the absorbing droplet lowering means 20 and the cooling water flow path 22 are separated from each other. A communication pipe 17 is connected between the partition 26 and the dispersion plate 25, and the vaporized refrigerant A is sent from the evaporator 4 through the communication pipe 17.

Further, the absorbing liquid tank 19 communicates with the absorbing liquid dispersing means 9B of the rectifier 2 through an absorbing liquid returning pipe 27. Liquid dispersing means 9B for absorbing liquid C stored in
An absorption liquid circulating pump 28 is provided for feeding the liquid to the pump.

The upper end of the outer package 23 of the absorber 5 and the condenser 3
A cooling water pipe 29 is provided between the condenser 3 and the lower end of the exterior body 23 of the absorber 5 to provide communication between them. The outer body 23, the cooling water pipe 29,
A closed circuit for cooling water circulation is formed by the condenser 3 and the cooling water pipe 30, and an indoor unit 31 for heating and a cooling water circulation pump 32 for circulating the cooling water E are provided in the middle of the cooling water pipe 30. Is provided.

Reference numeral 33 denotes a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the absorption liquids flowing through the absorption liquid supply pipe 24 and the absorption liquid return pipe 27, respectively, and reference numeral 34 denotes an evaporator 4.
Shows a blower fan for supplying outside air D to
Reference numeral 35 denotes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the cooling water E supplied to the absorber 5 and the absorbing liquid B supplied to the absorbing liquid dropping means 20.

In the absorption heat pump apparatus 1X constructed as described above, a part of the refrigerant liquid liquefied in the condenser 3 is returned to the upper part of the rectification tower 6 from the refrigerant liquid spraying means 9A, and most of the refrigerant liquid is stored in the refrigerant liquid tank 11 Enter and accumulate. The refrigerant liquid A sprayed and returned from the refrigerant liquid spraying means 9A to the rectification tower 6 is re-evaporated here, and the ratio of the refrigerant vapor A contained in the vapor entering the condenser 3 is increased. I have.

On the other hand, the refrigerant liquid A stored in the refrigerant liquid tank 11
Is supplied to each heat transfer tube 12 via the refrigerant liquid supply tube 16 and flows down along each inner wall surface. At this time, the outside air D supplied by the blower fan 34 to the heat transfer fins 15 and the surface of the heat transfer tube 12 Since it is in contact, heat exchange is performed between the outside air D and the refrigerant liquid A flowing down the inner wall surface of the heat transfer tube 12, and the refrigerant liquid A deprives the outside air D of vaporizing latent heat and evaporates. The refrigerant vapor A thus generated moves upward in each heat transfer tube 12, is collected by the upper header 13 provided at the upper end of the heat transfer tube 12, and flows into the absorber 5.

The refrigerant vapor A flowing into the absorber 5 comes into contact with the absorption liquid B supplied from the regenerator 8 and is absorbed by the absorption liquid B. Is collected in the absorption liquid tank 19, and the absorption liquid C
Is transported to the rectifier 2 by the absorbent circulation pump 28,
It is sprayed into the rectification tower 6 from the absorbing liquid spraying means 9B.

The absorbing liquid C sent to the rectification tower 6 is heated by the combustion heat generated by the burner 7 while flowing down through the space between the fillers 10 to vaporize and separate the absorbed refrigerant A. Absorbent B accumulates in regenerator 8.

The refrigerant vapor A separated and generated in the rectifier 2 exchanges heat with the cooling water E when passing through the condenser 3 and radiates heat to the cooling water E. When passing through the absorber 5, When the refrigerant A evaporates, the heat absorbed from the outside air D is transferred to the cooling water E.

That is, the cooling water E is supplied to the absorber 5 and
It is gradually heated while circulating to the condenser 3 and then sent to the indoor unit 31 for heating.

In such an absorption heat pump device 1X, the heat energy of the outside air D is absorbed to assist the heating of the cooling water E, and the amount of heat radiation from the indoor unit 31 with respect to the amount of heat generated by the burner 7 is reduced. 1.3 times or more can be achieved.

[0018]

However, in the absorption heat pump apparatus having the above-mentioned structure, the condensing temperature is, for example, about 50 to 60 ° C., -20 to -10, so as not to be restricted by the High Pressure Gas Control Law. 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (hereinafter referred to as T)
FE) or the like as a refrigerant, and N-methyl-
When 2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter, referred to as NMP) or the like is used, if the amount of the absorbing liquid in the rectifier is small, it easily falls into an overheated state, and the organic refrigerant and the absorbing liquid are decomposed. And there is a problem that the rectifiers themselves are damaged, and this has been a problem to be solved.

[0019]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a rectifier provided with a heating unit for heating an absorbing liquid to vaporize and separate a refrigerant contained in the absorbing liquid,
A condenser that liquefies the refrigerant vapor supplied from the rectifier by exchanging heat with the first heat medium, and an evaporation that vaporizes the refrigerant liquid supplied from the condenser by exchanging heat with the second heat medium. And reacts the refrigerant vapor supplied from the evaporator with the absorbing liquid supplied from the rectifier to absorb the refrigerant into the absorbing liquid, and returns the absorbing liquid having absorbed the refrigerant to the rectifier. When the absorption type heat pump device equipped with the radiator is started, the absorption liquid circulating pump provided in the absorption liquid return pipe for returning the absorption liquid having absorbed the refrigerant composed of the alcohol-based fluid from the absorber to the rectifier is started. Then, after reducing the absorption liquid in the absorber to a predetermined amount or less, the operation method of the absorption heat pump apparatus of the first configuration, in which the heating means provided in the rectifier is started to start heating the absorption liquid, ,

A rectifier provided with a heating unit for heating the absorbing liquid to vaporize and separate the refrigerant contained in the absorbing liquid, and exchanges the refrigerant vapor supplied from the rectifying apparatus with the first heat medium. A condenser that is liquefied by being liquefied; an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant liquid supplied from the condenser by exchanging heat with a second heat medium; a refrigerant vapor supplied from the evaporator and a refrigerant supplied from the rectifier. When the absorption heat pump device, which has an absorber that reacts with the absorbing liquid to cause the absorbing liquid to absorb the refrigerant and returns the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant to the rectifier, is stopped, an alcohol-based fluid is used. The operation of the absorption liquid circulation pump, which is provided in the absorption liquid return pipe for returning the absorption liquid having absorbed the constituted refrigerant from the absorber to the rectifier and is operated when the absorption liquid exceeding a predetermined amount is present in the absorber, is performed. Continue until the inside of the reservoir drops to the specified temperature or pressure, And operating method of the second configuration of the absorption heat pump apparatus that stopped after,

In the operation method of the absorption heat pump device of the first or second configuration, the on-off valve provided on the absorption liquid return pipe together with the absorption liquid circulation pump is opened when the absorption liquid circulation pump is operated, and the operation is stopped. The third that sometimes closed the valve
And a method of operating the absorption heat pump device having the above structure.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to FIG. For easy understanding, the same reference numerals in FIG. 1 denote portions having the same functions as those described in FIG.

The absorption heat pump apparatus 1 of the present invention has a fluid whose boiling point is much lower than that of water used as a refrigerant when an aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used as an absorbing liquid, for example, a boiling point of 7%.
In this method, 4.5 ° C. TFE or the like is used as a refrigerant, and NMP or the like having a boiling point of 204 ° C. is used as an absorbing liquid.

In the absorption heat pump apparatus 1 in this case, a cooling water tank 41 is provided in the cooling water pipe 30.

In this case, the absorption heat pump device 1 is of a type in which the evaporator 4 has a large number of built-in heat transfer tubes 12, and the water F stored in the cold water tank 42 inside these heat transfer tubes 12 is On the way, chilled water circulation pump 43 and on-off valve 4
4 to be circulated and supplied through a cold water pipe 45 provided with the above.

On the other hand, a refrigerant liquid dispersing means 46 is provided on the upper inside of the evaporator 4, and the refrigerant liquid A condensed by the condenser 3 and stored in the refrigerant liquid tank 11 can be supplied to the refrigerant liquid dispersing means 46. As described above, the refrigerant liquid supply pipe 16 provided with the on-off valve 47 is connected to the upstream portion, and the water F flowing in the pipe when the refrigerant liquid A scattered from the refrigerant liquid spraying means 46 flows down the outer surface of the heat transfer pipe 12. It is configured to take heat from and evaporate.

Further, the bottom of the condenser 3 and the refrigerant liquid spraying means 9A
An opening / closing valve 49 is installed in the refrigerant liquid return pipe 48 connecting the two.

Further, a liquid level sensor 50 for detecting the liquid level of the absorbing liquid C is installed in the absorbing liquid tank 19 of the absorber 5, and an on-off valve 51 is installed in the refrigerant liquid return pipe 27, and the regeneration is performed. The vessel 8 is provided with a temperature sensor 52 for detecting the temperature inside the vessel.

In the absorption heat pump apparatus 1 having the above structure, when the operation is started, the on-off valve 51 is operated.
Is opened to start the absorbent circulation pump 28, the absorbent C stored in the absorbent tank 19 of the absorber 5 is transferred to the rectifier 2, and the level of the absorbent C in the absorbent tank 19 is changed to the second level. When it is confirmed by the liquid level sensor 50 that the level becomes equal to or lower than 1, the burner 7 is ignited to start heating the absorbing liquid C.

When the liquid level sensor 50 confirms that the liquid level of the absorbing liquid C stored in the absorbing liquid tank 19 has fallen below the second level lower than the first level, The operation of the pump 28 is stopped, and the absorption liquid circulating pump 28 is controlled so that the level of the absorption liquid C in the absorption liquid tank 19 is within a predetermined range.

When the operation of the absorbent circulation pump 28 is stopped, the on-off valve 51 is closed so that the absorbent C does not flow back to the absorber 5.

On the other hand, when the operation of the absorption heat pump apparatus 1 is stopped, the absorption liquid circulation pump 28 is turned on / off until the temperature sensor 52 detects a predetermined temperature, for example, a temperature lower than 70 to 80 ° C. Control,
The liquid level of the absorbing liquid C in the absorbing liquid tank 19 is set within a predetermined range, and after the temperature sensor 52 detects a temperature lower than 70 to 80 ° C., the absorbing liquid circulating pump 2
8 is stopped.

Therefore, according to the operation method of the present invention,
Both when starting up and shutting down the device, the absorber 5
, The absorption liquid C is returned to the rectifier 2 and the rectifier 2 contains a sufficient amount of the absorption liquid C, so that the so-called empty cooking is reliably avoided, and the refrigerant and the absorption liquid are decomposed. No,
The inconvenience of damaging the rectifier is eliminated.

In the absorption heat pump apparatus 1 having the above structure, if the indoor unit 31 shown in FIG. 2 is installed in the cooling water tank 41, for example, the interior of the absorber 5 and the condenser 3 is cooled. Since the cooling water E whose own temperature has been increased is circulated and supplied to the indoor unit 31 through the cooling water pipes 29 and 30,
The indoor unit 31 performs a heating action.

On the other hand, if the indoor unit 31 shown in FIG.
Is vaporized to radiate heat, and the water F whose temperature has been lowered is circulated and supplied to the indoor unit 31 through the cold water pipe 45, so that the indoor unit 31 performs a cooling action.

Since the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

For example, in the control for stopping the operation of the absorption type heat pump device 1, a pressure sensor is installed instead of the temperature sensor 52, and until the pressure sensor detects a pressure lower than a predetermined pressure. Controls the on / off control of the absorption liquid circulation pump 28 so that the absorption liquid tank 1
9 so that the liquid level of the absorbing liquid C is within a predetermined range, and the operation of the absorbing liquid circulation pump 28 is stopped after the pressure sensor detects a pressure lower than the predetermined pressure. it can.

Further, the absorption liquid circulation pump 28 may be of a type capable of controlling the number of revolutions instead of the one for performing on / off control.

In addition, a check valve may be provided in place of the on-off valve 51 provided in the absorbent return pipe 27.

The filler 10 to be filled in the rectification tower 6 may be a stainless steel wire mesh or a thin wire.

Further, in the absorption heat pump apparatus 1 of the present invention, a fluorinated alcohol-based fluid having a boiling point of 120 ° C. or less can be used as a refrigerant, and the absorption liquid may be ethers, esters, polyols, amides, amines or the like. Kind,
Imides, ketones, aldehydes, nitriles and the like can be used.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, the absorption liquid is returned from the absorber to the rectifier regardless of whether the apparatus is started or stopped, so that the rectifier has sufficient capacity. Since the amount of the absorbing liquid is contained, so-called empty cooking can be reliably avoided.

For this reason, TF which can operate at a condensation temperature of about 50 to 60 ° C. and an evaporation temperature of about −20 to −10 ° C. so as not to be restricted by the High Pressure Gas Control Law.
Even in an absorption heat pump device using an alcohol-based refrigerant such as E, the refrigerant and the absorption liquid are not decomposed, and the inconvenience of damaging the rectifier is eliminated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1.1X Absorption type heat pump apparatus 2 Rectifier 3 Condenser 4 Evaporator 5 Absorber 6 Rectification tower 7 Burner 8 Regenerator 9A Refrigerant liquid spraying means 9B Absorbent liquid dispersing means 10 Filler 11 Refrigerant liquid tank 12 Heat transfer pipe 13 Upper header 14 Lower header 15 Heat transfer fin 16 Refrigerant liquid supply pipe 17/18 Communication pipe 19 Absorbing liquid tank 20 Absorbing liquid dropping means 21 Heat transfer pipe 22 Cooling water passage 23 Exterior body 24 Absorbing liquid supply pipe 25 Dispersion plate 26 Partition 27 Absorption Liquid return pipe 28 Absorbing liquid circulation pump 29/30 Cooling water pipe 31 Indoor unit 32 Cooling water circulation pump 33 Heat exchanger 34 Blower fan 35 Heat exchanger 41 Cooling water tank 42 Cold water tank 43 Cold water circulation pump 44 Open / close valve 45 Cold water pipe 46 Refrigerant Liquid spraying means 47 On-off valve 48 Refrigerant liquid return pipe 49 On-off valve 50 Liquid level sensor 51 On-off valve 52 Temperature sensor

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Toshio Kubo 2-5-5 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka F-term in Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. 3L093 AA05 BB01 BB22 BB29 CC00 DD01 DD02 EE22 EE24 GG01 GG02 GG04 HH02 HH12 JJ04 JJ06 KK05 LL01

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A rectifier provided with a heating unit for heating an absorption liquid to vaporize and separate a refrigerant contained in the absorption liquid, and a refrigerant vapor supplied from the rectifier to a first heat medium. A condenser that liquefies by exchanging heat, an evaporator that evaporates by exchanging the refrigerant liquid supplied from this condenser with the second heat medium, and a refrigerant vapor and rectifier that are supplied from this evaporator When starting up an absorption heat pump device having an absorber that reacts with the supplied absorbing liquid to absorb the refrigerant into the absorbing liquid and returns the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant to the rectifier, an alcohol-based heat pump device is used. Activate the absorption liquid circulation pump provided in the absorption liquid return pipe for returning the absorption liquid that has absorbed the refrigerant composed of fluid from the absorber to the rectifier, and reduce the absorption liquid in the absorber to a predetermined amount or less, and then rectify the liquid. Activate the heating means provided in the vessel to start heating the absorbent. Characteristic method of operating an absorption heat pump device. 2. A rectifier provided with a heating unit for heating an absorbing liquid to vaporize and separate a refrigerant contained in the absorbing liquid, and a refrigerant vapor supplied from the rectifying unit as a first heat medium. A condenser that liquefies by exchanging heat, an evaporator that evaporates by exchanging the refrigerant liquid supplied from this condenser with the second heat medium, and a refrigerant vapor and rectifier that are supplied from this evaporator When the absorption-type heat pump device, which is made to react with the supplied absorption liquid to absorb the refrigerant into the absorption liquid and return the absorption liquid having absorbed the refrigerant to the rectifier, is stopped, an alcohol-based heat pump device is used. The operation of the absorption liquid circulation pump, which is provided in the absorption liquid return pipe for returning the absorption liquid having absorbed the refrigerant composed of fluid from the absorber to the rectifier, and operates when the absorption liquid exceeding a predetermined amount is present in the absorber. , Continue until the inside of the rectifier drops to a predetermined temperature or pressure, An operation method of the absorption heat pump device, wherein the operation is stopped thereafter. 3. The method for operating an absorption heat pump device according to claim 1, wherein the on-off valve provided in the absorption liquid return pipe together with the absorption liquid circulation pump is opened when the absorption liquid circulation pump is operated, and the operation is stopped. A method of operating an absorption heat pump device, characterized in that the valve is sometimes closed.