ITRA930005A1

ITRA930005A1 - FIREPROOF ELEMENTS FOR COATING FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION

Info

Publication number: ITRA930005A1
Application number: IT000005A
Authority: IT
Inventors: Gianfranco Assirelli
Original assignee: Gianfranco Assirelli
Priority date: 1993-03-31
Filing date: 1993-03-31
Publication date: 1994-10-01
Also published as: IT1265953B1; ITRA930005A0

Description

Descrizione del trovato avente per titolo: Description of the invention having as title:

"ELEMENTI IGNIFUGHI DI RIVESTIMENTO PER L'ISOLA-MENTO TERMICO ED ACUSTICO". "FIREPROOF COATING ELEMENTS FOR THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION".

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

?' noto che i materiali aventi un buon assorbimento acustico sono quelli porosi a cellule aperte, come certe schiume di poliuretano espanso, ed anche quelli fibrosi costituiti da fibre organiche animali e vegetali, oppure da fibre inorganiche come la lana di roccia ed altre fibre minerali. Infatti, la massa dei suddetti materiali e' disseminata di canali capillari in cui, per le oscillazioni di pressione provocate in superficie dalle onde sonore, l'aria fluisce alternatamente nei due sensi creando attrito e dissipando l'energia di moto sotto forma di calore. ? ' It is known that the materials having good acoustic absorption are porous open cell ones, such as certain foams of polyurethane foam, and also fibrous ones consisting of animal and vegetable organic fibers, or of inorganic fibers such as rock wool and other mineral fibers. In fact, the mass of the aforementioned materials is scattered with capillary channels in which, due to the pressure oscillations caused on the surface by the sound waves, the air flows alternately in both directions, creating friction and dissipating the energy of motion in the form of heat.

Ma, i suddetti materiali, a causa della scarsa resistenza meccanica e della tendenza a ridursi in polvere, vengono impiegati in edilizia inserendoli in apposite intercapedini dei muri onde evitarne la diretta esposizione agli agenti atmosferici. Ci?', oltre a penalizzare l'efficacia dei materiali impiegati, rende gli interventi particolarmente onerosi e non sempre realizzabili. However, the aforementioned materials, due to their poor mechanical resistance and the tendency to reduce to dust, are used in construction by inserting them in special cavities in the walls in order to avoid direct exposure to atmospheric agents. This, in addition to penalizing the effectiveness of the materials used, makes the interventions particularly onerous and not always feasible.

Il trovato in oggetto, ideato per ovviare agli inconvenienti pratici ed economici di un simile modo di operare, scaturisce dalla intuizione di combinare le caratteristiche di fono-assorbimento, fono-isolamento, termoisolamento e leggerezza di un materiale espanso ignifugo compattato (vermiculite, fibre o granulati di roccia, di vetro e sintetici) con quelle specifiche dei prodotti ceramici: refrattarieta?, bassa conducibilit? termica, elevata resistenza meccanica, elevata durezza ed inattaccabilita ' da agenti chimici ed atmosferici. Da ci?? la soluzione innovativa consistente, in via principale, nel realizzare particolari elementi di rivestimento (piastrelle, pannelli od altro) ricoprendo integralmente o parzialmente, con un manto protettivo di ceramica, un supporto di materiale espanso ignifugo e compattato, avente spiccate caratteristiche intrinseche di fono-assorbimento, fono-isolamento e termoisolamento. The invention in question, conceived to obviate the practical and economic drawbacks of such a way of operating, arises from the intuition of combining the characteristics of sound absorption, sound insulation, heat insulation and lightness of a compacted fireproof expanded material (vermiculite, fibers or rock, glass and synthetic granulates) with those specific to ceramic products: refractory, low conductivity? thermal, high mechanical resistance, high hardness and resistance to chemical and atmospheric agents. From there ?? the innovative solution consisting, mainly, in realizing particular cladding elements (tiles, panels or other) by completely or partially covering, with a protective ceramic mantle, a support of fireproof and compacted foam material, having strong intrinsic characteristics of soundproofing absorption, sound insulation and thermal insulation.

Per la realizzazione di tali elementi, ottenibili anche con impianti di produzione in continuo, valgono i normali procedimenti utilizzati per la produzione di manufatti ceramici. For the realization of these elements, which can also be obtained with continuous production plants, the normal procedures used for the production of ceramic products are valid.

Quindi, il supporto di materiale ignifugo e compattato (vermiculite , ecc.) viene ricoperto con uno strato di argilla pressata e sottoposto ad una prima cottura che precede la smaltatura. Il ciclo produttivo pu?? essere accelerato ricorrendo ad una monocottura, ovvero effettuando la stesura degli smalti prima dell'unica cottura. Then, the support of fireproof and compacted material (vermiculite, etc.) is covered with a layer of pressed clay and subjected to a first firing that precedes the glazing. The production cycle can? be accelerated by resorting to a single firing, or by applying the glazes before the single firing.

In ogni caso, la cottura della ceramica a diretto contatto del supporto salda tenacemente i due materiali a vantaggio della resistenza meccanica dell 'insieme. In any case, the firing of the ceramic in direct contact with the support tenaciously welds the two materials to the advantage of the mechanical resistance of the whole.

Ovviamente, le forme e le combinazioni che possono scaturire da tale idea di soluzione sono molteplici ed alcune di queste sono state raffigurate, a solo titolo indicativo e non limitativo, in una tavola di disegno comprendente le sezioni esplicative di 6 elementi di rivestimento realizzabili secondo il principio di massima gi?' indicato. L'elemento della FIG. 1 presenta il supporto 1, di vermiculite od altro, ricoperto su tre lati da un manto uniforme 2 di ceramica smaltata ed eventualmente decorata. Obviously, the shapes and combinations that can arise from this idea of a solution are many and some of these have been shown, for indicative and non-limiting purposes only, in a drawing table comprising the explanatory sections of 6 covering elements that can be made according to the principle of principle already? ' indicated. The element of FIG. 1 has the support 1, of vermiculite or other, covered on three sides by a uniform mantle 2 of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic.

L?elemento della FIG. 2, sagomato anteriormente con decori a rilievo, presenta il supporto 3, di vermiculite od altro, ricoperto integralmente da un manto 4 di ceramica smaltata il cui spessore, pressoch?? uniforme su tre lati, cresce in alcuni punti del lato posteriore formando dei risalti 5 per un migliore fissaggio in opera con malte cementizie. The element of FIG. 2, shaped at the front with relief decorations, has the support 3, of vermiculite or other, completely covered by a mantle 4 of glazed ceramic whose thickness, almost? uniform on three sides, it grows in some points of the rear side forming projections 5 for better fixing in place with cementitious mortars.

L'elemento della FIG. 3, la cui superficie anteriore e' sagomata con decori a rilievo, presenta il supporto 6, di vermiculite od altro, ricoperto per buona parte da un manto 7, di ceramica smaltata, attraversato anteriormente da una serie di tagli e/o fori 8 che agevolano il fono-assorbimento ed alcuni dei quali si addentrano nel supporto 6. Due risalti posteriori, particolarmente accentuati, facilitano il fissaggio in opera con malte cementizie e consentono di formare, insieme alla superficie da rivestire, una intercapedine di coibentazione termica e di dissipazione sonora per l'effetto di risonanza e assorbimento. The element of FIG. 3, whose front surface is shaped with relief decorations, has the support 6, of vermiculite or other, covered for the most part by a mantle 7, of glazed ceramic, crossed at the front by a series of cuts and / or holes 8 which they facilitate sound absorption and some of which penetrate into the support 6. Two rear protrusions, particularly accentuated, facilitate the fixing on site with cement mortars and allow to form, together with the surface to be coated, a cavity for thermal insulation and sound dissipation due to the resonance and absorption effect.

L'elemento della FIG. 4, conformato con due risalti posteriori aventi gli stessi scopi dell'esempio precedente (FIG. 3), presenta il supporto 9, di vermiculite od altro, ricoperto integralmente da un manto 10 di ceramica smaltata ed eventualmente decorata. L?elemento, inoltre, e? attraversato, da faccia a faccia, da una pluralit?' di fori e/o tagli 11 dimensionati secondo una o piu? frequenze del rumore da assorbire. The element of FIG. 4, shaped with two rear projections having the same purposes as the previous example (FIG. 3), has the support 9, of vermiculite or other, completely covered by a mantle 10 of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic. Furthermore, the element is? crossed, face to face, by a plurality of holes and / or cuts 11 sized according to one or more? frequencies of the noise to be absorbed.

L'elemento della FIG. 5, interamente protetto dal manto 14 di ceramica smaltata ed eventualmente decorata, presenta il supporto composto da due lastre 12 e 13 di materiale ignifugo formanti una intercapedine 16 o camera di coibentazione termica e di risonanza nella quale si affacciano i fori e/o i tagli 15 praticati a partire da una delle facce dell'elemento secondo le frequenze del rumore da assorbire. L'intercapedine pu?' essere utilizzata, all'occorrenza, per impianti sotto-traccia, profilati metallici di rinforzo od altro. The element of FIG. 5, entirely protected by the glazed ceramic mantle 14 and possibly decorated, has the support composed of two plates 12 and 13 of fireproof material forming a cavity 16 or thermal insulation and resonance chamber in which the holes and / or cuts 15 face made starting from one of the faces of the element according to the frequencies of the noise to be absorbed. The interspace can? be used, if necessary, for under-track systems, metal reinforcement profiles or other.

L'elemento della FIG. 6 presenta le lastre 17 e 18, entrambe di materiale ignifugo ma con caratteristiche diverse, racchiuse in un involucro 20, di ceramica smaltata ed eventualmente decorata, previa loro cucitura con inserti metallici 19 fuoriuscenti dalla faccia posteriore dell'elemento per il suo fissaggio in opera. The element of FIG. 6 presents the plates 17 and 18, both of fireproof material but with different characteristics, enclosed in a casing 20, of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic, after sewing them with metal inserts 19 protruding from the rear face of the element for its fixing in place .

Come gi?' accennato, gli esempi rappresentati e descritti riguardano solo alcune delle possibili forme di attuazione del presente trovato le cui prerogative tecniche ed estetiche lasciano presumere una gamma pressoch?' indefinita di varianti comunque comprese nel presente ambito brevettuale. How already? ' mentioned, the examples shown and described concern only some of the possible embodiments of the present invention whose technical and aesthetic prerogatives allow us to assume an almost range of products. indefinite number of variants in any case included in the present patent area.

Claims

CLAIMS 1) "FIREPROOF COATING ELEMENTS FOR THE THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC ISO-LAMENT", characterized, mainly, by being made by fully or partially covering, with a protective ceramic mantle, a support of compacted fireproof material (vermiculite, fibers or rock granules, etc.) to combine their properties? ' of lightness and insulation, both thermal and acoustic, with those of ceramics generally known for their high hardness, mechanical resistance and resistance to chemical and atmospheric agents. 2) "ELEMENTS ...", as in the previous claim, characterized by the fact that the protective ceramic mantle is made by pressing and firing the clay layer directly on the support and thus obtaining? the solid union of the two materials. 3) "ELEMENTS ...", as per the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the ceramic mantle is completed by a glaze and by any decorations, both of which can be performed after the firing of the ceramic, or before, on the pressed clay layer, to speed up the cici? productive with a single firing. 4) "ELEMENTS ..", as per the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that, as in FIG. 1, the support 1, of vermiculite or other, is covered on three sides by a uniform covering 2 of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic. 5) "ELEMENTS ...", as per claims 1-2-3, characterized by the fact that, as in FIG. 2 depicting a version shaped on the front with relief decorations, the support 3, of vermiculite or other, can be be completely covered by a mantle 4 of glazed ceramic whose thickness, almost? uniform on three sides, it grows in some points of the rear side forming projections 5 for better fixing in place with cementitious mortars. 6) "ELEMENTS ...", as per claims 1-2-3, characterized by the fact that, as in FIG. 3 depicting a version shaped at the front with relief decorations, the support 6, of vermiculite or other, can be be covered for the most part by a mantle 7, of glazed ceramic, crossed on the front by a series of cuts and / or holes 8, some of which penetrate into the support 6 and all in any case made to improve sound absorption, while instead, at the rear, there are two particularly accentuated projections to form, during fixing in place and together with the surface to be covered, a cavity for thermal insulation and sound dissipation due to the resonance and absorption effect. 7) "ELEMENTS ...", as per claims 1-2-3, characterized by the fact that, as in FIG. 4 depicting a version with two rear projections to create a cavity for thermal insulation and sound dissipation on site, the support 9, made of vermiculite or other, can? be completely covered by a mantle 10, of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic, crossed, together with the support 9, by a plurality of of holes and / or cuts 11 sized according to one or more? frequencies of the noise to be absorbed. 8) "ELEMENTS ...", as per claims 1-2-3, characterized by the fact that, as in FIG. 5 depicting a version entirely protected by the coat 14 of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic, the support can? be composed of two plates 12 and 13, of fireproof material, shaped and arranged to form a cavity 16, of thermal insulation and resonance, in which the holes and / or cuts 15 made face, starting from the front surface of the element , according to the frequencies of the noise to be absorbed. 9) "ELEMENTS ...", as per claims 1-2-3, characterized by the fact that, as in the version of FIG. 6, two slabs 17 and 18, both of fireproof material but with different characteristics, can be enclosed in a casing 20, of glazed and possibly decorated ceramic, after sewing them with metal inserts 19 protruding from the rear face of the element for its fixing in opera. 10) "FIREPROOF COATING ELEMENTS FOR THE THERMAL AND ACOUSTIC ISO-LAMENT", as in all the preceding claims, substantially as illustrated and described for the specified purposes and regardless of those modifications or variations that in practice may be made without departing from the present patent area.