ITMI982686A1 - ORAL COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF MOUTHWASH OR GEL BASED ON CHITOSAN, GLYCIRRIZIC ACID OR ITS SALTS AND MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA OIL. - Google Patents
ORAL COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF MOUTHWASH OR GEL BASED ON CHITOSAN, GLYCIRRIZIC ACID OR ITS SALTS AND MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA OIL. Download PDFInfo
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- ITMI982686A1 ITMI982686A1 ITMI982686A ITMI982686A1 IT MI982686 A1 ITMI982686 A1 IT MI982686A1 IT MI982686 A ITMI982686 A IT MI982686A IT MI982686 A1 ITMI982686 A1 IT MI982686A1
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- Prior art keywords
- chitosan
- acid
- salts
- mouthwash
- oil
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229940051866 mouthwash Drugs 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims 3
- 239000001198 melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil Substances 0.000 title 1
- 241000378467 Melaleuca Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006927 Foeniculum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001479543 Mentha x piperita Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001771 mentha piperita Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- AJBZENLMTKDAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9-diol Chemical compound CC12CCC(O)C(C)(C)C1CCC(C1(C)CC3O)(C)C2CCC1C1C3(C)CCC1C(=C)C AJBZENLMTKDAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000073 Achillea millefolium Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007754 Achillea millefolium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000307697 Agrimonia eupatoria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000005528 Arctium lappa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003130 Arctium lappa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008078 Arctium minus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003880 Calendula Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001432 Calendula officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000133098 Echinacea angustifolia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000721662 Juniperus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000178870 Lavandula angustifolia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010663 Lavandula angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000982 Malva neglecta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000060 Malva neglecta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000178231 Rosmarinus officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007303 Thymus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002657 Thymus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003501 anti-edematous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000125 common agrimony Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014134 echinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001102 lavandula vera Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002020 sage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001585 thymus vulgaris Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001685 glycyrrhizic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- VTAJIXDZFCRWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Licoricesaponin B2 Natural products C1C(C2C(C3(CCC4(C)CCC(C)(CC4C3=CC2)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)C2C(C)(C)CC1OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O VTAJIXDZFCRWBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyrrhetinic acid glycoside Natural products C1CC(C2C(C3(CCC4(C)CCC(C)(CC4C3=CC2=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)C2C(C)(C)C1OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004949 glycyrrhizic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UYRUBYNTXSDKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyrrhizic acid Natural products CC1(C)C(CCC2(C)C1CCC3(C)C2C(=O)C=C4C5CC(C)(CCC5(C)CCC34C)C(=O)O)OC6OC(C(O)C(O)C6OC7OC(O)C(O)C(O)C7C(=O)O)C(=O)O UYRUBYNTXSDKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019410 glycyrrhizin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000024693 gingival disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000007565 gingivitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940070818 glycyrrhizate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002200 mouth mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- BCWAYSFBQDPDIG-BTVCFUMJSA-N 2-aminoacetic acid;(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound NCC(O)=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O BCWAYSFBQDPDIG-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000024283 Gingival haemorrhages Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005232 Glossitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ILRKKHJEINIICQ-OOFFSTKBSA-N Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate Chemical compound N.O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C=C4[C@@H]5C[C@](C)(CC[C@@]5(CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@H]2C1(C)C)C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ILRKKHJEINIICQ-OOFFSTKBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000767 anti-ulcer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002399 aphthous stomatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030194 mouth disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000001245 periodontitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000003265 stomatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001957 stomatological preparations Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940111630 tea tree oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010677 tea tree oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Description
La presente invenzione ha per oggetto composizioni orali topiche contenenti Chitosano, Acido glicirrizico o suoi sali e olio di Melaleuca (o Malaleuca) altemifolia per il trattamento della mucosa e del cavo orale. The present invention relates to topical oral compositions containing Chitosan, Glycyrrhizic acid or its salts and Melaleuca (or Malaleuca) altemifolia oil for the treatment of the mucosa and oral cavity.
I prodotti oggi disponibili per l’igiene e la disinfezione della mucosa e del cavo orale contengono nella maggior parte dei casi sostanze che possono determinare effetti indesiderati o tossici, se usati in eccesso, con la conseguente necessità per l’utente di diluire il prodotto e di fare risciacqui per ridurre al minimo l’assorbimento da parte della mucosa. Alcuni principi attivi possono provocare inoltre una sgradevole colorazione dello smalto dentale. Rimane, quindi, la necessità di trovare prodotti innovativi per la cura della mucosa e del cavo orale, che siano esenti dai problemi sopra menzionati e che possano essere tranquillamente utilizzati anche da bambini, donne in gravidanza ed anziani, senza rischi di sovradosaggio o di interazione con altri farmaci. The products available today for the hygiene and disinfection of the mucosa and oral cavity contain in most cases substances that can cause unwanted or toxic effects, if used in excess, with the consequent need for the user to dilute the product and to do rinses to minimize absorption by the mucosa. Some active ingredients can also cause an unpleasant staining of the dental enamel. There remains, therefore, the need to find innovative products for the care of the mucosa and oral cavity, which are free from the aforementioned problems and which can also be safely used by children, pregnant women and the elderly, without risk of overdose or interaction. with other drugs.
Si è ora trovato che l'associazione di Chitosano, Acido glicirrizico o suoi sali e olio di Melaleuca consente la preparazione di composizioni particolarmente adatte al trattamento della mucosa e del cavo orale, garantendo una perfetta detersione, pulizia ed igiene senza comportare nessun effetto collaterale. In questi casi l’utilizzo di un antinfiammatorio topico determina un’azione eutrofizzante della mucosa che riveste la cavità oro-faringea, con il ripristino delle condizioni fisiologiche, riducendo i tempi di guarigione dei tessuti géngivo-parodontali e della mucosa orale. It has now been found that the association of Chitosan, Glycyrrhizic acid or its salts and Melaleuca oil allows the preparation of compositions particularly suitable for the treatment of the mucosa and oral cavity, guaranteeing perfect cleansing, cleaning and hygiene without causing any side effects. In these cases, the use of a topical anti-inflammatory determines an eutrophicating action of the mucous membrane that lines the oral-pharyngeal cavity, with the restoration of physiological conditions, reducing the healing time of the gingival-periodontal tissues and the oral mucosa.
Il Chitosano è un derivato idrosolubile della chitina (omoglicano estratto . dall’esoscheletro di crostaceo) definibile come polimero di glucosio-glicina. II Chitosano dà al composto capacità antimicotiche (Candida albicans) antimicrobiche e protettive in particolare verso Streptococcus spp. e verso lo Staphilococcus aureus, germi che colonizzano le mucose e le vie aeree, assicurando una totale innocuità e tollerabilità. Chitosan is a water-soluble derivative of chitin (homoglycan extracted from the crustacean exoskeleton) which can be defined as a glucose-glycine polymer. II Chitosan gives the compound antifungal properties (Candida albicans) antimicrobial and protective in particular towards Streptococcus spp. and towards Staphilococcus aureus, germs that colonize the mucous membranes and the airways, ensuring total harmlessness and tolerability.
L’Acido glicirrizico o i suoi sali, in particolare il glicirrizzato di ammonio, è un principio attivo caratterizzato anch’esso da totale atossicità. L’olio di Melaleuca Altemifolia (tea tree oil) con proprietà antinfiammatorie, cicatrizzanti ed antiulcera, è dotato di proprietà antisettiche ed antifungine, soprattutto a livello della mucosa orale, che rendono la composizione attiva su affezioni della bocca quali piorrea, gengiviti, emorragie gengivali ed infezioni rinofaringee. Glycyrrhizic acid or its salts, in particular ammonium glycyrrhized, is an active ingredient also characterized by total non-toxicity. Melaleuca Altemifolia oil (tea tree oil) with anti-inflammatory, healing and anti-ulcer properties, has antiseptic and antifungal properties, especially at the level of the oral mucosa, which make the composition active on mouth diseases such as pyorrhea, gingivitis, gingival hemorrhages and nasopharyngeal infections.
Le composizioni dell’invenzione, per l’azione sinergica dei componenti e grazie all’azione di detersione e disinfezione della mucosa del cavo orale, alla totale atossicità e alle naturali proprietà antimicrobiche, antimicotiche ed antiflogistiche, hanno un notevole interesse in campo odontoiatrico. Dette composizioni sono utili nel trattamento di affezioni odonto-stomatologiche quali The compositions of the invention, due to the synergistic action of the components and thanks to the cleansing and disinfection action of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, the total non-toxicity and the natural antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties, are of considerable interest in the dental field. Said compositions are useful in the treatment of odonto-stomatological diseases such as
gengiviti, glossiti, stomatiti, afte, paradentaziopatie e paradentosi da carico e gingivitis, glossitis, stomatitis, canker sores, gum disease and gum disease e
possono essere usate come coadiuvanti nella terapia dentaria conservativa ed they can be used as adjuvants in conservative dental therapy and
estrattiva. La deglutizione del prodotto non comporta danni in quanto sostanzialmente atossico. Le composizioni dell’invenzione mostrano pertanto efficacia polivalente verso i disturbi del vestibolo e del cavo orale. extractive. Swallowing the product does not cause damage as it is substantially non-toxic. The compositions of the invention therefore show polyvalent efficacy towards disorders of the vestibule and oral cavity.
Le composizioni dell’invenzione possono inoltre contenere altri componenti ad attività complementare o comunque utile, quali: mentha piperita, foeniculum vulgare, malva, timo, salvia, rosmarino, achillea, calendula, ginepro, lavanda, echinacea, agrimonia bardana benzoino etc., che accentuano attività ed efficacia della preparazione, oltre ad appropriati addensanti, preferibilmente xanthan-gum e eccipienti, aromi, dolcificanti e coloranti di impiego convenzionale. The compositions of the invention can also contain other components with complementary or in any case useful activity, such as: mentha piperita, foeniculum vulgare, mallow, thyme, sage, rosemary, yarrow, calendula, juniper, lavender, echinacea, burdock agrimony, benzoin etc., which they accentuate the activity and efficacy of the preparation, as well as appropriate thickeners, preferably xanthan-gum and excipients, flavors, sweeteners and dyes of conventional use.
Le composizioni dell’invenzione possono essere formulate, con l’aggiunta degli adeguati eccipienti, sotto forma di gel-gengivale o come colluttorio, dentifricio etc., secondo tecniche convenzionali. I rapporti quantitativi fra i componenti non sono critici. Nel caso di gel, le quantità dei componenti fondamentali sono normalmente compresi nei seguenti intervalli: glicirrizato (di ammonio o potassio) dal 0.5% al 1% p/p, di Chitosano dal 5% al 10% p/p, Melaleuca altemifolia varia dal 0.1% al 0.5% p/p. Il gel dell’invenzione, applicato una o due volte al giorno sulle gengive produce un’azione antiedematosa, lenitiva, rinfrescante e deodorante. L’effetto di lunga durata è dovuto alle caratteristiche di bioadesività del prodotto, che può essere utilizzato senza diluizione in acqua e senza risciacquo. The compositions of the invention can be formulated, with the addition of the appropriate excipients, in the form of gingival gel or as a mouthwash, toothpaste etc., according to conventional techniques. The quantitative relationships between the components are not critical. In the case of gels, the quantities of the basic components are normally included in the following ranges: glycyrrhizate (of ammonium or potassium) from 0.5% to 1% w / w, of Chitosan from 5% to 10% w / w, Melaleuca altemifolia varies from 0.1% to 0.5% w / w. The gel of the invention, applied once or twice a day to the gums, produces an anti-edematous, soothing, refreshing and deodorizing action. The long-lasting effect is due to the bioadhesive characteristics of the product, which can be used without dilution in water and without rinsing.
Si riportano di seguito esempi di formulazioni dell’invenzione. Examples of formulations of the invention are given below.
ESEMPIO EXAMPLE
Una miscela costituita da glicirrizato di ammonio, Chitosano e olio di Melaleuca altemifolia in glicerina viene aggiunta in percentuale del 20% p/p alle formulazioni riportate di seguito. Le percentuali in peso nelle composizioni finali sono comprese tra 0,5 e 1% per il glicirrizato, tra 5 e 10% per il Chitosano e tra lo 0,1 e lo 0,5% per l’olio di Melaleuca altemifolia. A mixture consisting of ammonium glycyrrhizate, Chitosan and Melaleuca altemifolia oil in glycerin is added in a percentage of 20% w / w to the formulations listed below. The percentages by weight in the final compositions are between 0.5 and 1% for the glycyrrhizate, between 5 and 10% for the Chitosan and between 0.1 and 0.5% for the Melaleuca altemifolia oil.
Eccipienti e Adiuvanti Excipients and Adjuvants
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI982686 IT1304168B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 1998-12-15 | ORAL COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF MOUTHWASH OR GEL BASED ON CHITOSAN, GLYCIRRIZIC ACID OR ITS SALTS AND MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA OIL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI982686 IT1304168B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 1998-12-15 | ORAL COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF MOUTHWASH OR GEL BASED ON CHITOSAN, GLYCIRRIZIC ACID OR ITS SALTS AND MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA OIL. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMI982686A1 true ITMI982686A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 |
| IT1304168B1 IT1304168B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
Family
ID=11381230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI982686 IT1304168B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 1998-12-15 | ORAL COMPOSITIONS IN THE FORM OF MOUTHWASH OR GEL BASED ON CHITOSAN, GLYCIRRIZIC ACID OR ITS SALTS AND MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA OIL. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | IT1304168B1 (en) |
-
1998
- 1998-12-15 IT ITMI982686 patent/IT1304168B1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1304168B1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
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