IT1200922B - Trattamento di residui di carbonilazione - Google Patents

Trattamento di residui di carbonilazione

Info

Publication number
IT1200922B
IT1200922B IT47936/82A IT4793682A IT1200922B IT 1200922 B IT1200922 B IT 1200922B IT 47936/82 A IT47936/82 A IT 47936/82A IT 4793682 A IT4793682 A IT 4793682A IT 1200922 B IT1200922 B IT 1200922B
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
carbonilation
residue treatment
residue
treatment
carbonilation residue
Prior art date
Application number
IT47936/82A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
IT8247936A0 (it
Inventor
Walter C Davidson
Richard V Porcelli
Original Assignee
Halcon Sd Group Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halcon Sd Group Inc filed Critical Halcon Sd Group Inc
Publication of IT8247936A0 publication Critical patent/IT8247936A0/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of IT1200922B publication Critical patent/IT1200922B/it

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
    • B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
    • B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
    • B01J31/4046—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals containing rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/20—Carbonyls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22—Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
    • B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
    • B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
    • B01J31/223—At least two oxygen atoms present in one at least bidentate or bridging ligand
    • B01J31/2234—Beta-dicarbonyl ligands, e.g. acetylacetonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
    • B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
    • B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
    • B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
    • B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
    • C01G55/001—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
    • C01G55/005—Halides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/54—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides
    • C07C51/56—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides from organic acids, their salts, their esters or their halides, e.g. by carboxylation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/36—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates
    • C07C67/37—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reaction with carbon monoxide or formates by reaction of ethers with carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/262—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds using alcohols or phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/28—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C22B3/28—Amines
    • C22B3/282—Aliphatic amines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
    • B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
    • B01J2531/822—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/08—Halides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
    • B01J31/0237—Amines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
IT47936/82A 1981-03-06 1982-03-05 Trattamento di residui di carbonilazione IT1200922B (it)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/241,180 US4340569A (en) 1981-03-06 1981-03-06 Treatment of carbonylation residues

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IT8247936A0 IT8247936A0 (it) 1982-03-05
IT1200922B true IT1200922B (it) 1989-01-27

Family

ID=22909589

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT47936/82A IT1200922B (it) 1981-03-06 1982-03-05 Trattamento di residui di carbonilazione

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4340569A (it)
JP (1) JPS57158727A (it)
BE (1) BE892366A (it)
DE (1) DE3208060C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2501067A1 (it)
GB (1) GB2095221B (it)
IT (1) IT1200922B (it)
NL (1) NL8200916A (it)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4388217A (en) * 1980-11-24 1983-06-14 Eastman Kodak Company Process for the recovery of catalyst values
US4476237A (en) * 1981-05-28 1984-10-09 The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. Separation of tars from carbonylation reaction mixtures
US4476238A (en) * 1981-05-28 1984-10-09 The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. Separation of tars from carbonylation reaction mixtures
US4364907A (en) * 1981-06-18 1982-12-21 Eastman Kodak Company Process for recovery of rhodium values
US4434240A (en) 1981-11-16 1984-02-28 The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. Recovery of noble metal values from carbonylation residues
DE3320630A1 (de) * 1983-06-08 1985-02-21 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von edelmetallen der gruppe viii des periodensystems der elemente aus der bei der carbonylierung von methylacetat und/oder dimethylether anfallenden verunreinigten katalysatorloesung
US4659682A (en) * 1985-07-08 1987-04-21 The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. Recovery of noble metal values from carbonylation residues
JPS6457053U (it) * 1987-10-05 1989-04-10
DE4210027A1 (de) * 1992-03-27 1993-09-30 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Rhodium aus Rückständen von Carbonylierungsreaktionen
GB9218346D0 (en) * 1992-08-28 1992-10-14 Bp Chem Int Ltd Process
JP3377555B2 (ja) * 1993-05-31 2003-02-17 ダイセル化学工業株式会社 カルボニル化反応生成物に含有されるヨウ素化合物の除去方法
GB9806527D0 (en) 1998-03-26 1998-05-27 Bp Chem Int Ltd Process
US20030118776A1 (en) * 2001-12-20 2003-06-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Entangled fabrics
TW201209034A (en) 2010-08-31 2012-03-01 China Petrochemical Dev Corp Production method for carboxylic acid anhydride
CN109970815B (zh) * 2019-05-06 2021-10-19 宁夏大学 吡啶基铑催化剂及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL98500C (it) * 1956-01-11
US2839580A (en) * 1956-01-11 1958-06-17 Exxon Research Engineering Co Preparation of diethyl ketone
DE1226551B (de) * 1964-12-28 1966-10-13 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Palladium-verbindungen durch Extraktion
US3420873A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-07 Union Oil Co Oxidative carbonylation and catalyst recovery
US3539634A (en) * 1967-11-09 1970-11-10 Union Oil Co Recovery of catalyst in oxo process
US3547964A (en) * 1968-07-24 1970-12-15 Union Oil Co Group viii noble metal catalyst recovery
US3579552A (en) * 1968-08-15 1971-05-18 Monsanto Co Production of carboxylic acids
US3560539A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-02-02 Union Oil Co Selective catalyst recovery
US3857895A (en) * 1969-05-12 1974-12-31 Union Oil Co Recovery of catalyst complexes
DE1954315C3 (de) * 1969-10-29 1975-08-14 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Metallcarbonylkatalysatoren aus Oxoreaktionsge mischen
US3821311A (en) * 1970-05-21 1974-06-28 Celanese Corp Production of aldehydes from olefins
US3641076A (en) * 1970-08-24 1972-02-08 Union Oil Co Catalyst recovery
DE2045416C3 (de) * 1970-09-15 1979-10-25 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur Elution von Rhodium, das als Rhodiumcarbonylat auf einem basischen Ionenaustauscher gebunden ist
US3887489A (en) * 1972-11-24 1975-06-03 Monsanto Co Rhodium catalyst regeneration method
JPS535879B2 (it) * 1973-08-14 1978-03-02
SE413891B (sv) 1973-09-04 1980-06-30 Halcon International Inc Sett att framstella en anhydrid av en monokarbonsyra.
US3901822A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-08-26 Fmc Corp Process of regenerating a noble metal hydrogenation catalyst used in hydrogen peroxide production by the anthraquinone process
US3899442A (en) * 1974-01-31 1975-08-12 Us Agriculture Recovery and reactivation of rhodium hydroformylation catalysts
DE2448005C2 (de) * 1974-10-09 1983-10-20 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur Regenerierung von Rhodium oder Iridium enthaltenden Katalysatoren aus Destillationsrückständen von Hydroformylierungsgemischen
US4115444A (en) * 1975-03-10 1978-09-19 Halcon International, Inc. Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides
SE426583B (sv) 1975-03-10 1983-01-31 Halcon Res & Dev Sett att framstella etylidenacetat
US3978148A (en) * 1975-07-21 1976-08-31 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for removal of rhodium compounds from process streams
US4188363A (en) * 1976-08-19 1980-02-12 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Recovery of rhodium complex catalysts homogeneously dissolved in organic media
US4164481A (en) * 1978-01-27 1979-08-14 The Dow Chemical Company Process of regenerating a noble metal catalyst used in the reduction of organic nitro compounds
US4251458A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-02-17 Halcon Research And Development Corporation Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2095221B (en) 1985-01-16
JPS6112742B2 (it) 1986-04-09
FR2501067A1 (fr) 1982-09-10
JPS57158727A (en) 1982-09-30
BE892366A (fr) 1982-09-06
DE3208060C2 (de) 1984-11-08
IT8247936A0 (it) 1982-03-05
DE3208060A1 (de) 1982-11-04
GB2095221A (en) 1982-09-29
NL8200916A (nl) 1982-10-01
US4340569A (en) 1982-07-20

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