IN2013CN04241A - - Google Patents
Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- IN2013CN04241A IN2013CN04241A IN4241CHN2013A IN2013CN04241A IN 2013CN04241 A IN2013CN04241 A IN 2013CN04241A IN 4241CHN2013 A IN4241CHN2013 A IN 4241CHN2013A IN 2013CN04241 A IN2013CN04241 A IN 2013CN04241A
- Authority
- IN
- India
- Prior art keywords
- colour
- lasermarkable
- polymeric
- black
- infrared
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010330 laser marking Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
- B41M3/142—Security printing using chemical colour-formers or chemical reactions, e.g. leuco-dye/acid, photochromes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/34—Multicolour thermography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/04—Direct thermal recording [DTR]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M2205/00—Printing methods or features related to printing methods; Location or type of the layers
- B41M2205/38—Intermediate layers; Layers between substrate and imaging layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/323—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/323—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes
- B41M5/327—Organic colour formers, e.g. leuco dyes with a lactone or lactam ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/333—Colour developing components therefor, e.g. acidic compounds
- B41M5/3333—Non-macromolecular compounds
- B41M5/3335—Compounds containing phenolic or carboxylic acid groups or metal salts thereof
- B41M5/3336—Sulfur compounds, e.g. sulfones, sulfides, sulfonamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
- B41M5/337—Additives; Binders
- B41M5/3372—Macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
- B41M5/42—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers
- B41M5/44—Intermediate, backcoat, or covering layers characterised by the macromolecular compounds
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20100193893 EP2463109B1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2010-12-07 | Colour laser marking methods of security document precursors |
| US201061424088P | 2010-12-17 | 2010-12-17 | |
| PCT/EP2011/071161 WO2012076354A2 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2011-11-28 | Colour laser marking methods of security document precursors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IN2013CN04241A true IN2013CN04241A (https=) | 2015-09-11 |
Family
ID=43597831
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN4241CHN2013 IN2013CN04241A (https=) | 2010-12-07 | 2011-11-28 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8786651B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP2463109B1 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN103228454B (https=) |
| IN (1) | IN2013CN04241A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2012076354A2 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2463096B1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2013-09-25 | Agfa-Gevaert | Security documents and colour laser marking methods for securing them |
| CN103260888B (zh) | 2010-12-07 | 2015-05-06 | 爱克发-格法特公司 | 彩色激光标记具有聚合物箔的制品的方法和包含聚合物箔和无色层的制品 |
| ES2438148T3 (es) | 2010-12-07 | 2014-01-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Precursor de documento de seguridad |
| EP2567825B1 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2014-04-02 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking methods of security document precursors |
| EP2639074B1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2015-03-04 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser markable laminates and documents |
| EP2722367B1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2018-03-28 | Agfa-Gevaert | Infrared dyes for laser marking |
| EP2719541B1 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2015-05-27 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour laser marking |
| EP2719540B1 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2015-09-09 | Agfa-Gevaert | Color laser marking |
| EP2730425B1 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2016-02-03 | Agfa-Gevaert | Colour imaging of security document precursors |
| GB201222955D0 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2013-01-30 | Innovia Films Ltd | Film |
| GB201222961D0 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-01-30 | Innovia Films Ltd | Label |
| EP2886359B1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2018-10-31 | Agfa-Gevaert | Laser markable laminates and documents |
| JP6382537B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-13 | 2018-08-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 画像形成装置 |
| ES2706422T3 (es) | 2014-04-30 | 2019-03-28 | Agfa Gevaert | Tintes absorbedores de rayos infrarrojos y artículos marcables por láser que contienen estos tintes absorbedores de rayos infrarrojos |
| EP2955029B1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2018-01-31 | Agfa-Gevaert | Laser markable materials and documents |
| CN105328997B (zh) * | 2014-08-08 | 2018-01-23 | 北京赛腾标识系统股份公司 | 低功率激光快速赋码方法和赋码系统 |
| EP3037274B1 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2018-11-21 | Agfa-Gevaert | Laser markable security articles and documents and method of forming images in such security articles |
| EP3297837B1 (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2019-07-31 | Agfa-Gevaert | Laser markable compositions, articles and documents |
| EP3095825B1 (en) | 2015-05-19 | 2019-10-02 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Aqueous inkjet inks |
| EP3173249A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | Agfa-Gevaert | Laser markable compositions and methods to manufacture a packaging therewith |
| EP3173246A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | Agfa Graphics NV | Inkjet ink set for a method of manufacturing a packaging |
| EP3219503A1 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-20 | Agfa-Gevaert | Process for manufacturing a laser markable packaging |
| EP3306532A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-11 | Agfa-Gevaert | A laser markable rfid tag |
| EP3327088A1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2018-05-30 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | A multicolour laser marking method |
| EP3415498A1 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-19 | Agfa Nv | A developing agent precursor for laser markable compositions |
| PL3645297T3 (pl) * | 2017-06-28 | 2023-01-09 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Ulepszony sposób częściowego barwienia części z tworzywa sztucznego |
| US20200148907A1 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2020-05-14 | Agfa Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser markable compositions |
| EP3470135B1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2020-04-08 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
| EP3470134B1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2020-06-03 | Agfa Nv | A composition comprising solvent and heat resistant capsules |
| GB2567811B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2020-06-17 | De La Rue Int Ltd | Security devices, security articles, security documents and methods for their manufacture |
| EP3495155A1 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-12 | Agfa Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
| US10723160B2 (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-07-28 | Ferro Corporation | Carbide, nitride and silicide enhancers for laser absorption |
| CN112262046B (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2022-06-14 | 佳能株式会社 | 图像形成设备及其控制方法和程序 |
| EP3594008A1 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-15 | Agfa-Gevaert Nv | Near infrared (nir) laser processing of resin based articles |
| EP3626472A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
| EP3626471A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable compositions |
| CN113423581B (zh) * | 2019-02-08 | 2024-04-16 | 恩图鲁斯特有限公司 | 激光标记翘曲减轻 |
| EP3771572B1 (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2023-12-20 | Macsa ID, S.A. | Method and system for marking paper, cardboard and/or fabric |
| EP3838610A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-23 | Agfa Nv | Laser markable articles |
| EP3928996A1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-29 | Agfa Nv | Marking of articles |
| AR123354A1 (es) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-11-23 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Marca de seguridad, método y dispositivo para leer la marca de seguridad, documento de seguridad marcado con la marca de seguridad y método y sistema para verificar dicho documento de seguridad |
| DE102023101175A1 (de) * | 2023-01-18 | 2024-07-18 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Polymerschichtverbund für Sicherheits- und Wertdokumente, Herstellungsverfahren, Zubereitung und Verwendung |
Family Cites Families (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL217374A (https=) | 1956-05-18 | |||
| GB1234755A (en) | 1967-09-28 | 1971-06-09 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Photographic film |
| GB1441591A (en) | 1972-07-17 | 1976-07-07 | Agfa Gevaert | Process for adhering hydrophilic layers to dimensionally stable polyester film support |
| US4663518A (en) | 1984-09-04 | 1987-05-05 | Polaroid Corporation | Optical storage identification card and read/write system |
| US4602263A (en) | 1984-09-04 | 1986-07-22 | Polaroid Corporation | Thermal imaging method |
| JPS61175077A (ja) | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-06 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 感熱記録用ラベル |
| US4720449A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1988-01-19 | Polaroid Corporation | Thermal imaging method |
| US5200947A (en) | 1989-02-03 | 1993-04-06 | Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. | Optical recording medium, optical recording method, and optical recording device used in method |
| US5243052A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1993-09-07 | Polaroid Corporation | Mixed carbonate ester derivatives of quinophthalone dyes and their preparation |
| US5410335A (en) * | 1991-07-02 | 1995-04-25 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for recording an image on a multicolor thermal recording material |
| JP3220962B2 (ja) | 1992-12-17 | 2001-10-22 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 記録体 |
| GB9508028D0 (en) | 1995-04-20 | 1995-06-07 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Laser addressable direct-write media |
| US5977514A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-11-02 | M.A. Hannacolor | Controlled color laser marking of plastics |
| US6100009A (en) | 1997-10-15 | 2000-08-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image recording medium, image recording method and heat coloring polymer compound |
| US7635662B2 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2009-12-22 | Chemipro Kasei Kaisha, Ltd. | Compound for color-producing composition, and recording material |
| US7158145B1 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2007-01-02 | Orga Systems Gmbh | Method for applying colored information on an object |
| US20080224462A1 (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2008-09-18 | Dubner Andrew D | Transparent tamper-indicating data sheet |
| US20030012902A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-16 | Kim Hyun Jin | Compositions for sports equipment having laser-sensitive additives and methods of marking |
| EP1456810B1 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2011-05-11 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Multiple image security features for identification documents and methods of making same |
| US7728048B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2010-06-01 | L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. | Increasing thermal conductivity of host polymer used with laser engraving methods and compositions |
| US7097899B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2006-08-29 | Agfa-Gevaert | Carrier of information bearing a watermark |
| JP4070712B2 (ja) | 2003-02-28 | 2008-04-02 | 株式会社リコー | 感熱記録材料 |
| US8372782B2 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2013-02-12 | Zink Imaging, Inc. | Imaging system |
| US7763179B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2010-07-27 | Digimarc Corporation | Color laser engraving and digital watermarking |
| JP2005066936A (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-17 | Sony Corp | 可逆性多色記録媒体、及びこれを用いた記録方法 |
| US6958181B1 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2005-10-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Protected activators for use in leuco dye compositions |
| DE102004050557B4 (de) | 2004-10-15 | 2010-08-12 | Ticona Gmbh | Lasermarkierbare Formmassen und daraus erhältliche Produkte und Verfahren zur Lasermarkierung |
| DE102006045495A1 (de) | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-03 | Mitsubishi Polyester Film Gmbh | Laser-markierbare Folie |
| KR101422881B1 (ko) | 2007-03-27 | 2014-07-23 | 아그파-게바에르트 엔.브이. | 불투명한 미세기공 2축 연신 필름, 합성지에서의 이의 용도 및 이를 포함하는 화상 기록 소자 |
| US8411120B2 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2013-04-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Generation of color images |
| EP2181858A1 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-05 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Security document and methods of producing it |
| EP2199100A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Security laminates for security documents. |
| CN103260888B (zh) | 2010-12-07 | 2015-05-06 | 爱克发-格法特公司 | 彩色激光标记具有聚合物箔的制品的方法和包含聚合物箔和无色层的制品 |
| EP2463096B1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2013-09-25 | Agfa-Gevaert | Security documents and colour laser marking methods for securing them |
| ES2438148T3 (es) | 2010-12-07 | 2014-01-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Precursor de documento de seguridad |
-
2010
- 2010-12-07 EP EP20100193893 patent/EP2463109B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2011
- 2011-11-28 CN CN201180058453.4A patent/CN103228454B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-28 IN IN4241CHN2013 patent/IN2013CN04241A/en unknown
- 2011-11-28 US US13/885,745 patent/US8786651B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-28 WO PCT/EP2011/071161 patent/WO2012076354A2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103228454A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
| WO2012076354A3 (en) | 2012-09-07 |
| US20130235145A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
| EP2463109B1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| US8786651B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
| WO2012076354A2 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
| EP2463109A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
| CN103228454B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| IN2013CN04241A (https=) | ||
| IN2013CN04242A (https=) | ||
| IN2013CN04244A (https=) | ||
| CA2910559C (en) | Devices, systems, and methods for three-dimensional printing | |
| GB2511463A (en) | Optical security device with nanoparticle ink | |
| WO2012076296A3 (de) | Leuchtvorrichtung | |
| MX2012011496A (es) | Cuerpos de guias de onda opticos con alta intensidad luminosa y alta transparencia. | |
| PH12015502510A1 (en) | Method of providing a security document with a security feature, and security document | |
| EA201171298A1 (ru) | Слоистое стекло для системы визуализации с поднятой головой | |
| EP2578075A4 (en) | WAVELENGTH CONVERSION FILM | |
| EA201990823A1 (ru) | Защищенный документ с защитным элементом, способ его изготовления и защитный элемент | |
| WO2011084401A3 (en) | Refractive index matched phosphors and substrates for security applications | |
| WO2014003903A8 (en) | Glass container having a graphic data carrier | |
| EP2549303A4 (en) | OPTICAL FILM WITH HAFT COAT, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE OPTICAL FILM WITH HAFTSCHICHT, LIGHT SOURCE WITH THE OPTICAL FILM WITH HAFTSCHICHT AND IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE WITH THE OPTICAL FILM WITH HAFTSCHICHT | |
| WO2011037436A3 (ko) | 발광장치에 사용되는 복합필름, 발광장치 및 그 제조방법 | |
| MX392764B (es) | Composicion y metodo para formar una superficie auto-descontaminante. | |
| PT2300238E (pt) | Característica de segurança por imagem sombra | |
| MX2013008845A (es) | Materiales absorbentes de infrarrojo transparentes. | |
| WO2012076294A3 (de) | Leuchtvorrichtung | |
| EP3075559A4 (en) | Transparent laser marking sheet, laminate, and method for laser marking | |
| TW200951342A (en) | Light output device | |
| IN2013CN04243A (https=) | ||
| PH12016501253A1 (en) | Creation of a transparent window in a security substrate for security printing applications | |
| WO2014011919A3 (en) | Torches and methods of using them | |
| WO2010088497A8 (en) | High temperature photodetectors utilizing photon enhanced emission |