IL98438A - חומר מהבהב עם פיצוי עבור מלכודות חורים - Google Patents
חומר מהבהב עם פיצוי עבור מלכודות חוריםInfo
- Publication number
- IL98438A IL98438A IL9843891A IL9843891A IL98438A IL 98438 A IL98438 A IL 98438A IL 9843891 A IL9843891 A IL 9843891A IL 9843891 A IL9843891 A IL 9843891A IL 98438 A IL98438 A IL 98438A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- scintillator
- luminescent
- afterglow
- garnet
- hole
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 183
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZPDRQAVGXHVGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium;gadolinium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Gd+3] ZPDRQAVGXHVGTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 30
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 30
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 27
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000005524 hole trap Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 15
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 12
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 gadolinium scandium aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000026954 response to X-ray Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010893 electron trap Methods 0.000 description 5
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010017577 Gait disturbance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005090 crystal field Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- VPYVGHGNVQXIEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(3+);oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Gd+3] VPYVGHGNVQXIEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002468 redox effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFHPXMGPBXBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sc].[Gd] Chemical compound [Sc].[Gd] TVFHPXMGPBXBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSNPEOOEWZZFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;yttrium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Y] PSNPEOOEWZZFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004774 atomic orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013766 direct food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001036 glow-discharge mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003031 high energy carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006335 response to radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003345 scintillation counting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
- G01T1/2023—Selection of materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
- C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7766—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
- C09K11/7776—Vanadates; Chromates; Molybdates; Tungstates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3229—Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3241—Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3286—Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. zinc gallate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6583—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures
- C04B2235/6585—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures at an oxygen percentage above that of air
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6587—Influencing the atmosphere by vaporising a solid material, e.g. by using a burying of sacrificial powder
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
- C04B2235/662—Annealing after sintering
- C04B2235/663—Oxidative annealing
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/762—Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC
- C04B2235/764—Garnet structure A3B2(CO4)3
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
- C04B2235/9653—Translucent or transparent ceramics other than alumina
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54682490A | 1990-06-29 | 1990-06-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL98438A0 IL98438A0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| IL98438A true IL98438A (he) | 1995-08-31 |
Family
ID=24182181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL9843891A IL98438A (he) | 1990-06-29 | 1991-06-11 | חומר מהבהב עם פיצוי עבור מלכודות חורים |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5318722A (he) |
| EP (1) | EP0467044A3 (he) |
| JP (1) | JPH0776336B2 (he) |
| CN (1) | CN1034102C (he) |
| CA (1) | CA2042147A1 (he) |
| IL (1) | IL98438A (he) |
Families Citing this family (43)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2042263A1 (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1991-12-30 | Charles D. Greskovich | Transparent polycrystalline garnets |
| CA2042147A1 (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1991-12-30 | Veneta G. Tsoukala | Hole-trap-compensated scintillator material |
| US5391876A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1995-02-21 | General Electric Company | Hole-trap-compensated scintillator material and computed tomography machine containing the same |
| US5202777A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1993-04-13 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Liquid crystal light value in combination with cathode ray tube containing a far-red emitting phosphor |
| JP2770708B2 (ja) * | 1992-06-30 | 1998-07-02 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 赤色ないし赤外発光蛍光体及びこれを用いた液晶ライトバルブｃｒｔ |
| US5446286A (en) * | 1994-08-11 | 1995-08-29 | Bhargava; Rameshwar N. | Ultra-fast detectors using doped nanocrystal insulators |
| EP0795631A1 (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1997-09-17 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Scintillation crystals having reduced afterglow and method of making the same |
| US6458295B1 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2002-10-01 | Hitachi Medical Corporation | Phosphors, and radiation detectors and X-ray CT unit made by using the same |
| US6246744B1 (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2001-06-12 | General Electric Company | Cubic garnet host with PR activator as a scintillator material |
| US6361735B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2002-03-26 | General Electric Company | Composite ceramic article and method of making |
| JP4521929B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-26 | 2010-08-11 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 蛍光体及びそれを用いた放射線検出器及びｘ線ｃｔ装置 |
| DE10044357A1 (de) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-21 | Heimann Systems Gmbh & Co | Detektoranordnung zur Detektion von Röntgenstrahlen |
| GB0119094D0 (en) * | 2001-08-04 | 2001-09-26 | Bank Of England | Improved luminescent phosphor |
| US6996137B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2006-02-07 | Raytheon Company | Solid-state devices with radial dopant valence profile |
| DE10238398A1 (de) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-02-26 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Bildern und/oder Projektionen |
| KR20050044617A (ko) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-05-12 | 가부시키가이샤 무라타 세이사쿠쇼 | 테르븀계 상자성 가닛 단결정 및 자기 광학 장치 |
| US20060180792A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-08-17 | Prime Technology Llc | Security marker having overt and covert security features |
| CZ302527B6 (cs) * | 2003-08-28 | 2011-06-29 | Fyzikální Ústav Av Cr | Scintilátor na bázi wolframanu olovnatého s posunutou stechiometrií |
| US7279120B2 (en) | 2003-09-04 | 2007-10-09 | Intematix Corporation | Doped cadmium tungstate scintillator with improved radiation hardness |
| US7180068B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2007-02-20 | Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. | Scintillation materials with reduced afterglow and method of preparation |
| US7759645B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2010-07-20 | Charles Brecher | Scintillation materials with reduced afterglow and method of preparation |
| SE528345C2 (sv) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-10-24 | Howard Leight Ind Llc | Kåpa avsedd att användas som hörselskydd, sätt att framställa densamma samt användning av en sådan kåpa |
| US7449128B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2008-11-11 | General Electric Company | Scintillator nanoparticles and method of making |
| WO2007015862A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-08 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Rare earth oxysulfide scintillator and methods for producing same |
| US20080011953A1 (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2008-01-17 | General Electric Company | Scintillator composition, article, and associated method |
| EP2042052A1 (de) * | 2007-09-25 | 2009-04-01 | RC Tritec AG | Schmuckstein |
| CA2715366A1 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-11-05 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation | Phosphorescent compositions, methods of making the compositions, and methods of using the compositions |
| CN101649486B (zh) * | 2008-08-11 | 2013-03-20 | 元亮科技有限公司 | 提拉法生长铽镓石榴石(tgg)晶体的装置及其方法 |
| WO2010078224A2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-08 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic scintillator body and scintillation device |
| WO2010078220A2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-08 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Scintillation device and method of producing a ceramic scintillator body |
| US9183962B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2015-11-10 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic scintillator body and scintillation device |
| US8877093B2 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2014-11-04 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic scintillator body and scintillation device |
| US8431885B2 (en) | 2010-05-19 | 2013-04-30 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Gamma-ray detectors for downhole applications |
| JP5593492B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-02 | 2014-09-24 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | 長残光蛍光体 |
| WO2012066425A2 (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-24 | Saint-Gobain Cristaux Et Detecteurs | Scintillation compound including a rare earth element and a process of forming the same |
| FR2967420B1 (fr) * | 2010-11-16 | 2014-01-17 | Saint Gobain Cristaux Et Detecteurs | Materiau scintillateur a faible luminescence retardee |
| WO2014201234A1 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-18 | University Of Tennessee Research Foundation | Radiation detector for imaging applications with stabilized light output |
| RU2584187C1 (ru) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-05-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт химии высокочистых веществ им. Г.Г. Девятых Российской академии наук (ИХВВ РАН) | Способ получения прозрачной керамики алюмоиттриевого граната |
| US10197685B2 (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2019-02-05 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Method for controlling gallium content in gadolinium-gallium garnet scintillators |
| US10961452B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Method for controlling gallium content in gadolinium-gallium garnet scintillators |
| CN106673639B (zh) * | 2017-01-03 | 2020-01-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 共掺杂钇铝石榴石闪烁透明陶瓷及其制备方法 |
| CN108585853B (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2021-12-24 | 上海大学 | 一种铕掺杂氧化钪闪烁体及其制备方法和用途 |
| JP7361908B2 (ja) | 2019-10-28 | 2023-10-16 | サン－ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス，インコーポレイティド | 残光を低減するための多価カチオンを含むＣｓＩ（Ｔｌ）シンチレータ結晶、及びシンチレーション結晶を含む放射線検出装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3591517A (en) * | 1969-02-12 | 1971-07-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Rare earth terminated transition metal lasers |
| NL181063C (nl) * | 1976-05-13 | 1987-06-01 | Philips Nv | Luminescerend scherm; lagedrukkwikdampontladingslamp; werkwijze voor de bereiding van een luminescerend materiaal. |
| DE3424487A1 (de) * | 1984-07-04 | 1986-01-16 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Einkristall auf basis von seltenerdmetall-gallium-granat |
| GB8431838D0 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1985-01-30 | Secr Defence | Luminescent ceramic plates |
| DE3530180A1 (de) * | 1985-08-23 | 1987-02-26 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Leuchtstoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
| DE3704813A1 (de) * | 1987-02-16 | 1988-08-25 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Einkristall auf basis von seltenerdmetall-aluminium-granat |
| EP0292616B1 (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1992-05-20 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | X-ray conversion into light |
| US4824598A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1989-04-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Synthetic laser medium |
| DE3810195A1 (de) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-10-05 | Hubert Lehmann | Anordnung fuer infrarot-waermestrahler |
| CA2042147A1 (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1991-12-30 | Veneta G. Tsoukala | Hole-trap-compensated scintillator material |
| US5057692A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1991-10-15 | General Electric Company | High speed, radiation tolerant, CT scintillator system employing garnet structure scintillators |
-
1991
- 1991-05-09 CA CA002042147A patent/CA2042147A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-24 EP EP19910108424 patent/EP0467044A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-06-11 IL IL9843891A patent/IL98438A/he not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-28 JP JP3183987A patent/JPH0776336B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-29 CN CN91104321A patent/CN1034102C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-10-13 US US07/960,203 patent/US5318722A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-02-28 US US08/203,078 patent/US5360557A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2042147A1 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| EP0467044A3 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
| JPH0776336B2 (ja) | 1995-08-16 |
| US5318722A (en) | 1994-06-07 |
| US5360557A (en) | 1994-11-01 |
| JPH04288393A (ja) | 1992-10-13 |
| CN1057665A (zh) | 1992-01-08 |
| EP0467044A2 (en) | 1992-01-22 |
| IL98438A0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| CN1034102C (zh) | 1997-02-26 |
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