IL86540A - Process and machine for transformation of combustible waste into energy - Google Patents

Process and machine for transformation of combustible waste into energy

Info

Publication number
IL86540A
IL86540A IL86540A IL8654088A IL86540A IL 86540 A IL86540 A IL 86540A IL 86540 A IL86540 A IL 86540A IL 8654088 A IL8654088 A IL 8654088A IL 86540 A IL86540 A IL 86540A
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
gases
products
combustible
treated
utilisable
Prior art date
Application number
IL86540A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
IL86540A0 (en
Original Assignee
Tognazzo Valerio
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tognazzo Valerio filed Critical Tognazzo Valerio
Publication of IL86540A0 publication Critical patent/IL86540A0/xx
Publication of IL86540A publication Critical patent/IL86540A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/102—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids containing free acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/1646—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a fuel cell
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1662—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to methane (SNG)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1668—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to urea; to ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
IL86540A 1987-05-28 1988-05-27 Process and machine for transformation of combustible waste into energy IL86540A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT41606/87A IT1218575B (it) 1987-05-28 1987-05-28 Procedimento di recupero da prodotti fossili, vegetali, aggregati inquinanti di rifiuto e non, di combustibili gassosi puri, sostanze inerti utili e disinquinanti, mediante separazione in funzione del contenuto energetico, senza provocare inquinamenti, con eventuale ausilio ed accumulo di energia rinnovabile idrogeno ed usando calore di supero per riscaldare dall'alto acqua onde depurarla

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL86540A0 IL86540A0 (en) 1988-11-15
IL86540A true IL86540A (en) 1997-06-10

Family

ID=11251892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IL86540A IL86540A (en) 1987-05-28 1988-05-27 Process and machine for transformation of combustible waste into energy

Country Status (25)

Country Link
US (1) US5310411A (ja)
EP (2) EP0292987B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2515870B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE66243T1 (ja)
AU (2) AU1949788A (ja)
BG (1) BG60273B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR8807521A (ja)
CA (1) CA1335862C (ja)
DD (1) DD285819A5 (ja)
DE (1) DE3864190D1 (ja)
DK (1) DK174246B1 (ja)
ES (1) ES2024589B3 (ja)
FI (1) FI92600C (ja)
GR (1) GR3003049T3 (ja)
HU (1) HU205775B (ja)
IE (1) IE60823B1 (ja)
IL (1) IL86540A (ja)
IS (1) IS1528B (ja)
IT (1) IT1218575B (ja)
MW (1) MW6289A1 (ja)
OA (1) OA09103A (ja)
RO (1) RO110529B1 (ja)
RU (1) RU1811535C (ja)
WO (1) WO1988009363A1 (ja)
ZA (1) ZA883854B (ja)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2006139C (en) * 1989-12-20 1995-08-29 Robert A. Ritter Lined hazardous waste incinerator
JPH0673384A (ja) * 1992-05-07 1994-03-15 Hylsa Sa 有機物質をガス化するための方法および装置
US5851246A (en) * 1992-05-07 1998-12-22 Hylsa, S.A. De C.V. Apparatus for gasifying organic materials
US5656044A (en) * 1992-05-07 1997-08-12 Hylsa S.A. De C.V. Method and apparatus for gasification of organic materials
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry
US5762009A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor and process
AU3512399A (en) * 1998-04-28 1999-11-16 Bruno Berger Waste to energy method for producing electricity, water and/or hydrogen and/or methanol from biomass and/or organic waste
ITVE20020030A1 (it) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-02 Valerio Tognazzo Processo ed impianto per effettuare la ultradepurazione di fumi o gas con recupero totale degli inquinanti di risulta. -
US20050079127A1 (en) * 2003-08-18 2005-04-14 Hylsa, S.A. De C.V. Method and apparatus for destruction of liquid toxic wastes and generation of a reducing gas
DE102008039187B4 (de) * 2008-08-20 2019-06-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Leistungsschalter, insbesondere für Niederspannungen
US20140037507A1 (en) * 2012-07-31 2014-02-06 Hsiao-Lun WANG Organic compound pyrolysis flashover energy-saving regeneration treatment system

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2699384A (en) * 1949-12-20 1955-01-11 Du Pont Preparation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from carbonaceous solids
LU35060A1 (ja) * 1956-05-18 1900-01-01
DE1208026B (de) * 1961-12-09 1965-12-30 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Einrichtung zur Brenngaserzeugung durch Vergasung feinverteilter Brennstoffe
GB1454073A (en) * 1974-02-21 1976-10-27 Bischoff Gasreinigung Plant for cleaning the waste gases from a refuse burning plant
EP0019989B1 (en) * 1979-03-27 1983-06-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Method for producing a solution containing nitrates of iron and chromium and making a high temperature shift catalyst from it
DE3009851C2 (de) * 1980-03-14 1983-09-15 Karrena GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Reaktorbehälter, insbesondere zur Vergasung fossiler Brennstoffe
US4334892A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-06-15 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Gas producer apparatus including a water jacket
EP0057029A1 (fr) * 1981-01-21 1982-08-04 ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES DE CHARLEROI (ACEC) Société Anonyme Procédé de traitement de matières pulvérulentes a haute température et installation pour le réaliser
US4525176A (en) * 1983-08-29 1985-06-25 Texaco Inc. Preheating and deslagging a gasifier
US4721611A (en) * 1984-03-02 1988-01-26 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Hydrogen production
US4547203A (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-15 Texaco Development Corporation Partial oxidation process
SE453750B (sv) * 1984-06-14 1988-02-29 Skf Steel Eng Ab Sett for forgasning av finfordelat kolhaltigt material
NO171473C (no) * 1984-09-21 1993-03-17 Skf Steel Eng Ab Fremgangsmaate ved destruering av miljoefarlig avfall
DD227980A1 (de) * 1984-10-29 1985-10-02 Freiberg Brennstoffinst Apparat fuer die vergasung von kohlenstaub
AT382388B (de) 1985-03-08 1987-02-25 Voest Alpine Ag Vorrichtung zur vergasung von brennstoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA883854B (en) 1989-03-29
BG60273B1 (bg) 1994-03-31
EP0362281A1 (en) 1990-04-11
DK174246B1 (da) 2002-10-14
IE881618L (en) 1988-11-28
BG60273B2 (en) 1994-03-31
IS1528B (is) 1993-02-23
AU599234B2 (en) 1990-07-12
IE60823B1 (en) 1994-08-24
HUT52146A (en) 1990-06-28
IT8741606A0 (it) 1987-05-28
WO1988009363A1 (en) 1988-12-01
IL86540A0 (en) 1988-11-15
DK596189A (da) 1990-01-26
FI92600B (fi) 1994-08-31
FI895679A0 (fi) 1989-11-28
IS3351A7 (is) 1988-11-29
EP0292987A1 (en) 1988-11-30
JP2515870B2 (ja) 1996-07-10
RO110529B1 (ro) 1996-01-30
MW6289A1 (en) 1990-05-09
AU1949788A (en) 1988-12-21
CA1335862C (en) 1995-06-13
GR3003049T3 (en) 1993-02-17
FI92600C (fi) 1994-12-12
DD285819A5 (de) 1991-01-03
DK596189D0 (da) 1989-11-27
AU1675988A (en) 1988-12-01
HU205775B (en) 1992-06-29
DE3864190D1 (de) 1991-09-19
RU1811535C (ru) 1993-04-23
BR8807521A (pt) 1990-05-22
US5310411A (en) 1994-05-10
ES2024589B3 (es) 1992-03-01
JPH02504157A (ja) 1990-11-29
ATE66243T1 (de) 1991-08-15
IT1218575B (it) 1990-04-19
EP0292987B1 (en) 1991-08-14
OA09103A (en) 1991-10-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK0616599T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til dekomponering af carbonhydrider
GB1459159A (en) Method for the disposal of garbage by multi-stage thermal decomposition
IL86540A (en) Process and machine for transformation of combustible waste into energy
PL288895A1 (en) Method of and system for generating mechanical energy
ES2190695A1 (es) Proceso y aparato para permitir la gasificacion autotermica de combustibles solidos.
DE69723279D1 (de) Anlage zur thermolyse und zur energetischen verwertung von abfall
MY108488A (en) In-situ generation of heat treating atmospheres using a mixture of non-cryogenically produced nitrogen and a hydrocarbon gas.
JPS5725417A (en) Heat-treating apparatus for preparing carbon fiber
JP2000202419A5 (ja)
EP0180953A3 (en) Method and device for producing a protective atmosphere
ES483580A1 (es) Metodo y aparato para la transformacion de gas bruto de des-gasificacion de carbon
JO1535B1 (en) A process and device for converting pollutants or flammable waste into clean energy and products that can be used
MY102725A (en) Process and apparatus for producing hydrogen
JP2545112B2 (ja) 赤熱コ―クスの乾式消火装置による廃棄タイヤの処理方法
TWI255897B (en) Processing system and processing method for hydrogen exhausts
JPS56165817A (en) Thermal decomposition apparatus for waste
CN86101176A (zh) 一种处理污泥的方法
TNSN88067A1 (fr) Procede et une machine pour transformer des matieres combustibles polluantes ou residuelles en energie propre et en produits utilisables
Rich Atmosphere-related carbon monoxide emissions from heat-treating furnaces and a new technology for recovery and recycling
JPS55111432A (en) Preparation of formaldehyde
JPS51133301A (en) Denitrification of coke
JPS5940871B2 (ja) 石炭液化処理残「さ」の連続的処理方法
JPS56100862A (en) Manufacture of acetylene black
SE8003349L (sv) Sett vid vermning, vermhallning eller vermebehandling av metalliskt gods
Strigl Method and Apparatus for Heat Treating Metal Work Pieces

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FF Patent granted
KB Patent renewed
KB Patent renewed
KB Patent renewed
EXP Patent expired