IE71936B1 - Protection of a food cosmetic or pharmaceutical product against oxidation - Google Patents
Protection of a food cosmetic or pharmaceutical product against oxidationInfo
- Publication number
- IE71936B1 IE71936B1 IE348690A IE348690A IE71936B1 IE 71936 B1 IE71936 B1 IE 71936B1 IE 348690 A IE348690 A IE 348690A IE 348690 A IE348690 A IE 348690A IE 71936 B1 IE71936 B1 IE 71936B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- fat
- cosmetic
- pharmaceutical product
- food
- coenzyme
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N coenzyme Q10 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000017471 coenzyme Q10 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010473 blackcurrant seed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Coenzym Q10 Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 18
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 13
- WGBMOCCZSYMTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane;pentane Chemical compound CC.CCCCC WGBMOCCZSYMTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NPCOQXAVBJJZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N reduced coenzyme Q9 Natural products COC1=C(O)C(C)=C(CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=C1OC NPCOQXAVBJJZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940035936 ubiquinone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004054 benzoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021324 borage oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940110767 coenzyme Q10 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008524 evening primrose extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010475 evening primrose oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940089020 evening primrose oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008169 grapeseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010627 oxidative phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004059 quinone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004151 quinonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOECUQMRSRVZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ubiquinone-1 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O SOECUQMRSRVZQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 vegetable oils Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/35—Ketones, e.g. benzophenone
- A61K8/355—Quinones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
- A23B2/725—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B2/729—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23B2/783—Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/22—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. ascorbic acid, tocopherol or pyrrolidones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0021—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B5/00—Preserving by using additives, e.g. anti-oxidants
- C11B5/0092—Mixtures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/52—Stabilizers
- A61K2800/522—Antioxidants; Radical scavengers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH3891/89A CH680072A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-10-27 | 1989-10-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE903486A1 IE903486A1 (en) | 1991-05-08 |
| IE71936B1 true IE71936B1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
Family
ID=4265725
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE348690A IE71936B1 (en) | 1989-10-27 | 1990-09-28 | Protection of a food cosmetic or pharmaceutical product against oxidation |
Country Status (14)
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2074395B1 (es) * | 1993-02-25 | 1996-03-01 | Lifepharma Srl | Composicion farmaceutica o dietetica de elevada actividad antioxidante en las patologias cardiovasculares y/o hepaticas. |
| JP3106820B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-08 | 2000-11-06 | アールティーエー・アソシエーツ有限会社 | 畜肉、魚肉およびこれらの加工品の鮮度保持剤並びに生産性改善剤 |
| EP0803201A3 (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1998-10-28 | Cpc International Inc. | Dietetic foods and pharmaceutical preparations inhibiting blood coagulation |
| DE10036799A1 (de) * | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-07 | Beiersdorf Ag | Neues Mittel zur Behandlung der Haare und der Kopfhaut |
| TW200302054A (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2003-08-01 | Kaneka Corp | Ubiquinone-enriched foods |
| TW200302055A (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-08-01 | Kaneka Corp | Ubiquinol-enriched fat-containing foods |
| WO2004080208A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-23 | Kaneka Corporation | コエンザイムｑ１０を含有した水中油型乳化組成物、及びその製法 |
| EP1733720B1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2012-05-02 | Kaneka Corporation | Composition comprising reduced-form coenzyme q10 and carotenoid compound |
| DE102014007762A1 (de) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Gabriele Pütz | Kohlehydrat-Konzentrat, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und wässriges Getränkekonzentrat |
| DE202013004949U1 (de) | 2013-05-31 | 2013-07-08 | Gabriele Pütz | Kohlehydrat-Konzentrat |
| EP3695729A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-19 | Vandemoortele Lipids NV | Stabilized pufa containing fat compositions |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2333656A (en) * | 1942-03-31 | 1943-11-09 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Antioxidant for fats and oils |
| IT1191608B (it) * | 1985-02-01 | 1988-03-23 | Zambon Spa | Composizione farmaceutica e forme farmaceutiche che la contengono |
| IL78611A0 (en) * | 1986-04-23 | 1986-08-31 | Yeda Res & Dev | Production of polyprenoid and ubiquinone-type compounds |
| AU606637B2 (en) * | 1986-11-05 | 1991-02-14 | George Weston Foods Limited | Novel improvers for flour and yeast raised baked goods |
-
1989
- 1989-10-27 CH CH3891/89A patent/CH680072A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-09-27 DE DE69024321T patent/DE69024321T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-27 ES ES90118535T patent/ES2081888T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-27 EP EP90118535A patent/EP0424679B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-27 AT AT90118535T patent/ATE131696T1/de active
- 1990-09-27 DK DK90118535.5T patent/DK0424679T3/da active
- 1990-09-28 IE IE348690A patent/IE71936B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-10-03 NZ NZ235548A patent/NZ235548A/en unknown
- 1990-10-03 AU AU63745/90A patent/AU637828B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-10-08 ZA ZA908049A patent/ZA908049B/xx unknown
- 1990-10-15 CA CA002027677A patent/CA2027677A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-10-25 PT PT95677A patent/PT95677B/pt active IP Right Grant
- 1990-10-26 NO NO904647A patent/NO301651B1/no unknown
- 1990-10-26 JP JP02290629A patent/JP3081226B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6374590A (en) | 1991-05-02 |
| EP0424679A3 (en) | 1992-04-29 |
| EP0424679A2 (fr) | 1991-05-02 |
| NO904647D0 (no) | 1990-10-26 |
| NO301651B1 (no) | 1997-11-24 |
| ATE131696T1 (de) | 1996-01-15 |
| NO904647L (no) | 1991-04-29 |
| CH680072A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-06-15 |
| AU637828B2 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
| ES2081888T3 (es) | 1996-03-16 |
| IE903486A1 (en) | 1991-05-08 |
| NZ235548A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
| DK0424679T3 (da) | 1996-03-25 |
| JPH03167293A (ja) | 1991-07-19 |
| DE69024321T2 (de) | 1996-05-15 |
| PT95677B (pt) | 1997-09-30 |
| PT95677A (pt) | 1991-09-13 |
| JP3081226B2 (ja) | 2000-08-28 |
| EP0424679B1 (fr) | 1995-12-20 |
| DE69024321D1 (de) | 1996-02-01 |
| ZA908049B (en) | 1991-08-28 |
| CA2027677A1 (en) | 1991-04-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Patent lapsed |