ID17942A - Proses dua tahap untuk alkilasi benzena untuk membentuk alkilbenzena-alkilbenzena linier - Google Patents
Proses dua tahap untuk alkilasi benzena untuk membentuk alkilbenzena-alkilbenzena linierInfo
- Publication number
- ID17942A ID17942A IDP972006A ID972006A ID17942A ID 17942 A ID17942 A ID 17942A ID P972006 A IDP972006 A ID P972006A ID 972006 A ID972006 A ID 972006A ID 17942 A ID17942 A ID 17942A
- Authority
- ID
- Indonesia
- Prior art keywords
- alkylbenzena
- alcylation
- benzena
- linier
- stage process
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/54—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition of unsaturated hydrocarbons to saturated hydrocarbons or to hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring with no unsaturation outside the aromatic ring
- C07C2/64—Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2/66—Catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/32—Other features of fractionating columns ; Constructional details of fractionating columns not provided for in groups B01D3/16 - B01D3/30
- B01D3/322—Reboiler specifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/22—Halogenating
- B01J37/26—Fluorinating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/026—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/16—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to increase the Si/Al ratio; Dealumination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- C07C2529/16—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/18—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Color Printing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/662,786 US5777187A (en) | 1996-02-08 | 1996-06-12 | Two-step process for alkylation of benzene to form linear alkylbenzenes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ID17942A true ID17942A (id) | 1998-02-12 |
Family
ID=24659217
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IDP972006A ID17942A (id) | 1996-06-12 | 1997-07-12 | Proses dua tahap untuk alkilasi benzena untuk membentuk alkilbenzena-alkilbenzena linier |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5777187A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0918736B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000511927A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20000016605A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1073539C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69705953T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2159397T3 (de) |
ID (1) | ID17942A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2173677C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW426653B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997047573A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6133492A (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 2000-10-17 | Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation | Alkylation of benzene to form linear alkylbenzenes using fluorine-containing mordenites |
US6166281A (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 2000-12-26 | Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation | Alkylation of benzene to form linear alkylbenzenes using fluorine-containing mordenites |
BR9810780A (pt) | 1997-07-21 | 2001-09-18 | Procter & Gamble | Produtos de limpeza compreendendo tensoativos de alquilarilssulfonato aperfeiçoados, preparados através de olefinas de vinilideno e processos para preparação dos mesmos |
PH11998001775B1 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2004-02-11 | Procter & Gamble | Improved alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactants |
KR100336937B1 (ko) | 1997-07-21 | 2002-05-25 | 데이비드 엠 모이어 | 결정성파괴된계면활성제의혼합물을함유하는세제조성물 |
US6596680B2 (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2003-07-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Enhanced alkylbenzene surfactant mixture |
CA2297170C (en) | 1997-07-21 | 2003-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Improved alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants |
ES2193540T3 (es) | 1997-07-21 | 2003-11-01 | Procter & Gamble | Procedimiento mejorados para preparar tensioactivos de aquilbencenosulfonato y productos que contienen dichos tensioactivos. |
US6031144A (en) * | 1997-08-06 | 2000-02-29 | Chevron Chemical Company Llc | Process for reducing the residual olefin content of an alkylation reaction product |
ES2260941T3 (es) * | 1998-10-20 | 2006-11-01 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Detergentes para la ropa que comprenden alquilbenceno sulfonatos modificados. |
ID28751A (id) | 1998-10-20 | 2001-06-28 | Procter & Gamble | Detergen pencuci yang mengandung alkilbenzena sulfonat termodifikasi |
AU2311199A (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-07-24 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Laundry detergent bar composition |
EP1022325A3 (de) | 1999-01-20 | 2003-01-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Harte Oberflächenreiniger enthaltend modifizierte Alkylbenzolsulfonate |
EP1022326A1 (de) | 1999-01-20 | 2000-07-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Reinigungszusammensetzungen für harte Oberflächen enthaltend modifizierte Alkylbenzylsulfonate |
US6392109B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2002-05-21 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Synthesis of alkybenzenes and synlubes from Fischer-Tropsch products |
US6521804B1 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-02-18 | Uop Llc | Process for producing phenyl-alkanes using dual zones |
FR2832144B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-15 | 2004-09-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de phenylalcanes utilisant une combinaison de deux catalyseurs |
US6642425B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2003-11-04 | Sasol North America Inc. | Reactive distillation process for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons |
US7189885B1 (en) | 2003-10-07 | 2007-03-13 | Uop Llc | Staged process for producing linear 2-phenyl-alkanes |
US20090205945A1 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2009-08-20 | Sohn Stephen W | Process and apparatus for alkylation of benzene with aliphatic mono-olefin compound |
US7396968B1 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2008-07-08 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for alkylation of aromatic with olefin using impure aromatic recycle |
US7692054B2 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2010-04-06 | Uop Llc | Process and apparatus for alkylation of aromatic compound with aliphatic mono-olefin compound of 8 to 18 carbon atoms |
RU2528825C2 (ru) * | 2010-03-10 | 2014-09-20 | Эксонмобил Кемикэл Пейтентс Инк. | Получение алкилированных ароматических соединений |
IN2013MU01456A (de) | 2013-04-19 | 2015-04-17 | Reliance Ind Ltd | |
US20160186067A1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-06-30 | Shell Oil Company | Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass |
US20160186073A1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-06-30 | Shell Oil Company | Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass |
US20160186068A1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-06-30 | Shell Oil Company | Methods and systems for processing cellulosic biomass |
US9611188B1 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2017-04-04 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Aromatic alkylation using chemically-treated solid oxides |
KR101885802B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-08-06 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | 딘-스탁 트랩을 이용한 그래핀 분산액 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3436432A (en) * | 1968-03-29 | 1969-04-01 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process for alkylation of aromatics using a halogen-containing aluminosilicate-alumina catalyst |
US3551510A (en) * | 1968-08-15 | 1970-12-29 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Alkylation-transalkylation process |
US3594331A (en) * | 1969-02-27 | 1971-07-20 | Grace W R & Co | Method of increasing the thermal stability of crystalline zeolites |
US3630965A (en) * | 1969-03-11 | 1971-12-28 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst |
US3702312A (en) * | 1970-10-05 | 1972-11-07 | Shell Oil Co | Fluoride-containing crystalline alumino-silicates |
US3933983A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1976-01-20 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Method of increasing the thermal stability of crystalline zeolites |
US3849340A (en) * | 1971-11-10 | 1974-11-19 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst |
US3763260A (en) * | 1971-11-10 | 1973-10-02 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst |
US3873632A (en) * | 1972-12-29 | 1975-03-25 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Alkylaromatic hydrocarbon isomerization process |
US4232177A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1980-11-04 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Catalytic distillation process |
US4307254A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1981-12-22 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Catalytic distillation process |
US4283573A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-08-11 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Long-chain alkylphenols |
US4301317A (en) * | 1979-11-20 | 1981-11-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Preparation of 2-phenylalkanes |
US4570027A (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1986-02-11 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Alkylation of aromatic molecules using a silica-alumina catalyst derived from zeolite |
EP0160145A3 (de) * | 1984-04-27 | 1986-03-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Verfahren zur Alkylierung von Aromaten mit Hilfe eines amorphen Kieselsäure-/Tonerde-Katalysators mit grossen Poren |
US5055627A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1991-10-08 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Process for the preparation of cumene |
US5176883A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1993-01-05 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds |
US5243115A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1993-09-07 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds |
JPH06104630B2 (ja) * | 1986-11-11 | 1994-12-21 | 三井石油化学工業株式会社 | アルキル基置換芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
US4918244A (en) * | 1987-05-04 | 1990-04-17 | Texaco Inc. | Preparation of MTBE from TBA and methanol |
US4849569A (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 1989-07-18 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds |
US5243116A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1993-09-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Alkylation of aromatic compounds |
US5175135A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1992-12-29 | The Dow Chemical Company | Alkylation of aromatic compounds to alkylates enriched in the linear substituted isomers |
US5198595A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1993-03-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Alkylation of aromatic compounds |
US4973780A (en) * | 1988-04-27 | 1990-11-27 | Lummus Crest, Inc. | Alkylation of benzene in a moving bed |
ES2007545A6 (es) * | 1988-08-03 | 1989-06-16 | Petroquimica Espanola S A Petr | Proceso de alquilacion catalitica en lecho fijo de hidrocarburos aromaticos. |
US5082990A (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1992-01-21 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Alkylation of aromatics-containing refinery streams |
US4978807A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-12-18 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Method for the preparation of methyl tertiary butyl ether |
US5204064A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1993-04-20 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Apparatus for conducting a catalytic distillation process |
US5221441A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1993-06-22 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Method for operating a catalytic distillation process |
US5262576A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1993-11-16 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Method for the alkylation of organic aromatic compounds |
US5120403A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1992-06-09 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Method for operating a catalytic distillation process |
FR2648129B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-07 | 1991-10-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production d'alkylbenzenes utilisant des catalyseurs a base de zeolithe y desaluminee |
US4950834A (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1990-08-21 | Arganbright Robert P | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds in a dual bed system |
US5034564A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-07-23 | Uop | Production of alkyl aromatic compounds |
FR2664264B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-09 | 1992-09-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de 2- et 3-phenylalcanes utilisant un catalyseur a base de mordenite modifiee. |
US5107027A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-04-21 | Texaco Chemical Company | Tert-butylamine synthesis over montmorillonite clays |
US5043506A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1991-08-27 | Crossland Clifford S | Process for the alkylation of organic aromtic compounds in the presence of inert aliphatic compounds |
ES2121776T3 (es) * | 1991-03-21 | 1998-12-16 | Solutia Europ Nv Sa | Procedimiento catalitico mejorado para la alquilacion selectiva de hidrocarburos aromaticos. |
KR100186839B1 (ko) * | 1991-06-21 | 1999-05-15 | 리챠드 지. 워터맨 | 방향족 화합물의 알킬화방법 |
FR2684893A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-06-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de distillation reactive catalytique et appareillage pour sa mise en óoeuvre. |
US5196574A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1993-03-23 | Uop | Detergent alkylation process using a fluorided silica-alumina |
US5344997A (en) * | 1991-12-23 | 1994-09-06 | Uop | Alkylation of aromatics using a fluorided silica-alumina catalyst |
US5171896A (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1992-12-15 | Texaco Chemical Company | Alkylphenol synthesis using acid-modified inorganic clay catalysts |
US5169992A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1992-12-08 | Texaco Chemical Company | Bisphenol A production using acidic clay catalysts |
US5334793A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1994-08-02 | Uop | Increasing catalyst life and improving product linearity in the alkylation of aromatics with linear olefins |
US5273644A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1993-12-28 | Uop | Integrated reforming and alkylation process for low benzene reformate |
US5313005A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1994-05-17 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Method for controlling catalytic distillation etherifications |
US5446223A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-08-29 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Alkylation of organic aromatic compounds |
IT1270606B (it) * | 1994-07-13 | 1997-05-07 | Enichem Augusta Ind | Composizione catalitica per la preparazione di composti alchilaromatici a catena lunga |
-
1996
- 1996-06-12 US US08/662,786 patent/US5777187A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-08 DE DE69705953T patent/DE69705953T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-08 ES ES97923645T patent/ES2159397T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-08 CN CN97195455A patent/CN1073539C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-08 KR KR1019980710201A patent/KR20000016605A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1997-05-08 JP JP10501594A patent/JP2000511927A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-08 EP EP97923645A patent/EP0918736B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-08 RU RU99100379/04A patent/RU2173677C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-08 WO PCT/US1997/008070 patent/WO1997047573A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-05-27 TW TW086107154A patent/TW426653B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-12 ID IDP972006A patent/ID17942A/id unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0918736A1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
KR20000016605A (ko) | 2000-03-25 |
WO1997047573A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
CN1073539C (zh) | 2001-10-24 |
EP0918736B1 (de) | 2001-08-01 |
DE69705953D1 (de) | 2001-09-06 |
ES2159397T3 (es) | 2001-10-01 |
TW426653B (en) | 2001-03-21 |
US5777187A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
RU2173677C2 (ru) | 2001-09-20 |
CN1222134A (zh) | 1999-07-07 |
JP2000511927A (ja) | 2000-09-12 |
DE69705953T2 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
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