HU186940B - Process for producing synthetic fertilizers for promoting intake of phosphor- and potassium-ions - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, raw diatomaceous earth is passed through a sieve with a diameter of up to 6 mm, the water content of the purified diatomaceous earth thus obtained is reduced to 5 to 8% by drying at 100-110 ° C, the dried diatomaceous earth is ground to a grain size of 40 to 200 µm and the composition is ground. 2 to 20% by weight of phosphorous / potassium-containing fertilizer and the resulting mixture is granulated. -1-

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a process for the preparation of fertilizers that promote the uptake of phosphorus and potassium ions.

There are known methods in which the fertilizer is dusted with diatomaceous earth or sprayed with diatomaceous earth. These processes have the disadvantage that diatomaceous earth will remain on the fertilizer for a short period of time or that it will have poor contact with the soil.

German Patent No. 1,016,277 discloses the preparation of particulate powdered fertilizers. According to the process described herein, fertilizers are sprayed with material containing trace elements, thereby reducing the water content of the fertilizer. According to the patent, limestone powder or diatomaceous earth is used, but most of it flakes away from the fertilizer during transportation and loading, so that the fertilizer cannot achieve its intended beneficial effect, ie easier absorption. Other methods have also been used to ensure the effectiveness of fertilization, in which silicon-containing materials have been applied to the soil simultaneously with the fertilization.

Agr. Gap. J. Kerala 7, 91 (1969) describes the role of silicates in the nutrient uptake of rice seedlings. The effect of silicon is investigated on stem shoots, flowering and mature levels. According to the article, sodium silicate is applied to the soil. Thus, they increase the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the straw. The disadvantage of this process is that the export of the sodium silicate separately to the ground is extremely costly.

The effect of calcium silicate on rice signaling plants has also been investigated (Agron Trap 30, (4) 305 (1975)). Calcium silicate is applied to the soil in the amount of 1.5-3 t / ha, which greatly increases the cost of fertilization.

They try to increase the efficiency of fertilizers in sandy soils by applying diatomaceous earth to the fertilizer (Sakyu Kenkyu 24, (1) 6 (1977)). According to the results, the addition of diatomaceous earth promotes the dissolution of fertilizers in the soil, but no increase in yields has been reported. Neither can the utilization of diatomaceous earth in this way facilitate the uptake of phosphorus and potassium ions in the fertilizer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the known processes and to provide a new, economical process for the production of a fertilizer composition which promotes the uptake of phosphorus and potassium ions. The object of the present invention is to intimately mix phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with diatomaceous earth. Thorough mixing eliminates the drawbacks of the known processes, that is, that silica does not remain properly bound to the fertilizer. The process of the present invention establishes a strong link between the fertilizer and diatomaceous earth which, when applied to the soil, provides the objective of the invention, which is to facilitate the uptake of phosphorus and potassium ions by the plants, which results in increased yield. As a result of this mixing of diatomaceous earth with fertilizers, instead of phosphorus and potassium ions, they bind to the surface of silicon ions, clay minerals, ferric hydroxides and aluminum hydroxides, so that phosphorus potassium ions are almost entirely available to the crop.

fertilization is very important in terms of plant growth and yield. If the plants are subjected to chemical analysis, they can be found to contain the same elements as the soil. Some elements are vital (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, S), other elements are more important than trace elements (B, Ca, Mn, Mb, Co), again the role of other elements is minor or disputed. Of course, their percentages vary from plant to plant, but they can vary within a plant, for example, in a seed and another in a stem.

It is essential that the essential elements are present in the soil to ensure the proper development of n 'plants. No matter how many elements are added to or added to the soil, they can never be picked up and must be taken into account when fertilizing.

So far, domestic and foreign research has clearly demonstrated that a very large proportion of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers applied to the fields: 40-60% is "lost" in the soil.

This is due to the fact that in acidic medium (pH> 6) the amount of phosphorus that can be taken up decreases, because on the one hand the concentration of free Al3 ⁺ ions in the solution increases, and some phosphorus ions precipitate in insoluble aluminum phosphate form on the other hand, Al-OH groups on the fracture surface of clay minerals bind phosphorus ions.

In the case of highly calcareous, alkaline soils, it is primarily due to the fact that calcium phosphates in the soil solution produce insoluble (or less soluble) calcium phosphates.

In the case of potassium-containing fertilizers, certain mineral colloids (e.g., clay minerals) absorb potassium ions in a partially replaceable and partially non-replaceable manner.

Illite, vermiculite and smectites, on the other hand, selectively and strongly bind some of the potassium ions (fixed potassium). Txation occurs on the surface between the grid layers.

The potassium fixation of montmorillonite is predominant in the drying soil and less than that of the reduced potassium illite or vermiculite. The triple-layer clay minerals absorb potassium ions once they saturate, lose their swelling capacity and make the potassium ions in them impossible to absorb.

According to the invention, an additive is added to the phosphorus and potassium-containing fertilizers which almost completely prevents the binding by binding to the surface of clay minerals and hydroxyl radicals instead of phosphorus and potassium.

The fertilizer composition of the present invention is prepared by passing the crude silica into a sieve of not more than 6 mm in diameter, reducing the water content of the purified silica thus obtained by drying at 100-110 ° C to 5-8%, and drying the dried silica to 40-200 μg. ground and then mixed in a quantity of 2 to 20% by weight of the composition with phosphorus and / or potassium fertilizers.

-2186,940

Based on our research results, the additive has the following effects:

(a) prevent the fixation of phosphorus and potassium,

b) pushing the pH towards neutral,

(c) positively influence soil water management,

(d) improves soil structure,

(e) it contains macro- and micro-nutrients essential to the plants,

(f) the silica in the additive makes the plant more resistant to disease.

The composition of the present invention has been interrupted by conventional nutrient technologies currently in use, since phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to different soil types at different times (Hungarian Patent Application No. 182,372). The essence of this is that the fertilizer application time is based on the Golden Boundary Number and differs from one Boundary to the next.

The invention will now be illustrated by the following exemplary embodiments.

Example 7

Production of superphosphate fertilizer additive (18% phosphorus content)

(a) Production of additive

The raw diatomaceous earth is sieved through a sieve up to 6 mm in diameter to remove foreign matter such as stone, grass, earth. The resultant purified diatomaceous earth is dried in an oven at 100-110 ° C to remove moisture until its water content

Decreases to 5-8%. The resulting diatomaceous earth is ground in a hammer or ball mill to a particle size of 40-200.

b) Preparation of the fertilizer composition The additive prepared according to a) is mixed with 3% by weight of the superphosphate fertilizer. The resulting mixture is granulated in a granulator. This results in the addition of superphosphate fertilizer with the following composition:

Name of the plant

Blackboard sign

„Hungarian-Romanian B.” Tsz. 2.3 C Cserkeszőlő Tiszamenti Tsz. Csépa C-6 "Freedom" Tsz. Öcsöd III / 10 Branch of Jászság. Jászberény 1/3 "Lenin" Mg. Tsz. Tóalmás B-2

Altogether:

Example 2

Production of triple phosphate fertilizer (45% phosphorus)

(a) Production of additive

The additive was prepared according to Example 1 (a).

(b) Production of fertilizer formulation

The additive prepared according to a) is mixed with 18% by weight of triple phosphate fertilizer. In the following, the procedure of Example 1 (b) is followed. The resulting triple phosphate fertilizer has the following composition:

10 ρ ₂ ο ₅ 17.6% SiO ₂ 2.3% A1 ₂ O ₃ 0.12% Fe ₂ O ₃ 0:05% TiO ₂ 0.03% 15 CaO 0.17% MgO 0.02% K ₂ 0 0.01% Na ₂ 0 0.02% MnO 0.01% 20 SOJ 0.01% SO ₂ 0.02% altogether: 100.00% 25 The fertilizer product produced as described in z is used for the signaling plant . The control boards a the usual superphosphate is removed. The use of phosphorus- The results of the present invention are both control and experimental (according to the invention) ). The resulting the following are: 30 Kontrol] Handled excess if kg / ha kg / ha kg / ha % 100 5250 5640 390 7.4 140 4950 5865 915 18.5 120 2810 3373 563 20.0 112 3943 4438 495 12.6 106 4159 5173 1014 24.4 578 4223 4898 675 16.0 P ₂ O _S 44.2% 50 SiO ₂ 2.3% A1 ₂ O ₃ 0.12% Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.05% TiO ₂ 0.03% CaO 0.17% 55 MgO 0.02% K ₂ O 0.01% Na ₂ 0 0.01% MnO 0.01%

-3186,940

8

SO ₃ 0.01%

SO ₂ 0.02% Other Carrier 53.05%

Total: $ 100.00%

The resulting fertilizer composition was applied to a corn flagellum as described in Example 1.

The results are as follows:

plant name table sign if control kg / ha Handled kg / ha excess kg / ha % „Hungarian-Romanian B.” Tsz. C / 4 50 7305 8569 1264 17.3 Cserkeszőlő Tiszamenti Mg. Tsz. A / 5 120 4450 5720 1270 28.5 Csépa "Freedom" Mg. ARC. 13 143 7922 8896 974 12.3 Öcsöd "Red Dawn" Tsz. THE 3 108 3110 4018 908 29.2 Jánoshida Standing in Jászság. Administrator. 1/10 106 5801 6322 521 8.9 Jászberény “Green Field” Mg. XII. 100 4140 5205 1065 25.7 Tápiógyörgye „Lenin” Mg. Tsz. A / 5 94 3150 4200 1050 33.3 Tóalmás Altogether: 721 5125 6133 1ÖÜ7-

Preparation of compound fertilizer additives (8% nitrogen, 21% phosphorus, 20% potassium)

(a) Production of additive

The additive was prepared according to Example 1 (a).

(b) Production of fertilizer formulation

The additive prepared according to a) is mixed with 5% of the complex fertilizer. In the following, the procedure of Example 1 (b) is followed. The composition of the obtained complex fertilizer is as follows:

³⁰

The resulting fertilizer is applied to sunflower signal plants. Field fertilizers are applied in such a way that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applications are the same in both the control and experimental fields.

results obtained from the following:

N 7.9% p ₂ o _s 20.0% K ₂ O 20.0% SiO ₂ 2.3% ai ₂ o ₃ 0.12% Fe ₂ O ₃ 0.05% TiO ₂ 0.03% CaO 0.17% MgO 0.02% K ₂ O 0.01% Na ₂ O 0.01% Mn 0.01% ie ₃ 0.01% SO ₂ 0.02% other carrier material 49.35%

Total: 100.00%

-4186,940

Name of the plant table sign if control kg / ha Handled kg / ha excess kg / ha % "Red Dawn" Mg. Tsz. A / 9 90 1689 1995 303 18.1 Jánoshida “Green Field” Mg. III / l 72 2348 2566 218 9.3 Tápiógyörgye "Lenin" Mg. Tsz. B / XV. 105 1910 2408 518 26.1 T h e apple altogether: 267 1982 2323 346 17.2

From the efficacy results presented in the previous examples, it is clear that the fertilizer composition of the present invention achieves a yield of 10-20%. Because the composition does not interfere with the life of the plant but acts in the soil, it can be applied to plants other than the plants shown in the examples.

Claims (1)

Process for the preparation of fertilizers to facilitate the uptake of phosphorus and potassium ions, characterized in that raw silica is not more than 6 mm in diameter After passing through 20 sieves, the water content of the purified silica thus obtained is reduced to 5-8% by drying at 100-110 ° C, the dried silica is ground to a grain size of 40-200 µL, and then phosphorus is added in an amount of 2-20% by weight. and / or mixed with a potassium fertilizer and the resulting mixture is granulated. (Priority: 09.05.1984) Responsible for publishing: