CA1210603A - Fertilizer composition containing a silicon additive - Google Patents
Fertilizer composition containing a silicon additiveInfo
- Publication number
- CA1210603A CA1210603A CA000441413A CA441413A CA1210603A CA 1210603 A CA1210603 A CA 1210603A CA 000441413 A CA000441413 A CA 000441413A CA 441413 A CA441413 A CA 441413A CA 1210603 A CA1210603 A CA 1210603A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- fertilizer
- kieselguhr
- potassium
- additive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract The invention relates to a fertilizer promoting the take-up of phosphorus ions.
The composition of the invention contains 2 to 10 per cent by weight of a silicon additive while the silicon content of the additive expressed in silicon dioxide lies between 2 and 10 per cent by weight.
Using the composition of the invention the quantity of the used phosphorus fertilizer may be advantageously reduced without decreasing the yield.
The composition of the invention may be extended to complex fertilizers, too, which include phosphorus and potassium as active agent.
The composition of the invention contains 2 to 10 per cent by weight of a silicon additive while the silicon content of the additive expressed in silicon dioxide lies between 2 and 10 per cent by weight.
Using the composition of the invention the quantity of the used phosphorus fertilizer may be advantageously reduced without decreasing the yield.
The composition of the invention may be extended to complex fertilizers, too, which include phosphorus and potassium as active agent.
Description
lZ10603 Fertili2er Composition Containing a Silicon Additive The invention relates to a fertilizer composition promoting the take-up of phosphorus ions which contains
2 to 10 per cent by weight of an additive containing silicon, the silicon content of which - expressed in silicon dioxide - lies between 7 and 10 %.
The essence of the invention is that the phosphorus fertilizers are admixed with silicon containing substances, the silicon ions are bound on place of the phosphate ions on the surface of the iron hydroxy and aluminium hydroxy radicals of the clay minerals, thus the cultivated plants may utilize the phosphorus ions nearly completely.
The fertilizing is very important in respect of the growth of the plant and the quantity of the yield.
If the plants are submitted to a chemical analysis, one may state that the same elements may be found in them as in the soil.
Certain elements /N, P, K, Mg, Fe, S/ are of vital importance, other elements are significant such as micro-elements /B, Cu, Mn, Mb, Co/ and again other elements play a little or disputed role.
Naturally their percental ratio in the different plants is always an other one and differs even in the individual parts of the same plant, e.g. it is an other in the seed and an other in the stem.
~,~
--- lZ10603 _ 2 --In order to assure the appropriate development of the plants it is important that elements of vital importance may be found in the soil.
The fact, that however many elements are substituted or given into the soil, they can never be taken up complete-ly, has to be taken into account during the fertilizing or dunging.
The ability of taking up is influenced by several factors:
- the type of the soil, - the water, - the heat, - the pH-value, - the humus, . ~
- microorganisms~
- the quality of the soil colloids, clay minerals, - ion exchange, - chemicaL bonds /single or covalent bond/, - the ratio of water and air in the surface soil.
Among the factors influencing the taking up the clay minerals, chemical bonds, pH-value, ion exchange, the ;hydroxy groups of the iron and aluminium compounds are the : ~: :
most important ones in respect of the phosphorus.
In the soil the quantity of the readily soluble phosphorus is little in relation to the quantity of the ; ~ slightly soluble fractions. It is known that the plants take up lO-25 kg of phosphorus/ha from the soil. In the soil : ~
' itself, however, tl~ere are altogether about 0. 4a kg/ha of phosphorus to be taken up.
As a consequence very much phosphorus has to be added to the soil so that the quantity of the phosphorus to be taken up assures a high yield for the plants.
The five to tenfold of the necessary quantity has to be assured by supplying nutriment for the guaranteeing of the above quantity of 10-25 kg/ha of the plant. Over-feeding is necessary because 50 to 70 % of the quantity of the added phosphorus get into a state not suitable for taking up. The binding of the phosphorus ions in the soil takes place in different manners: the phosphorus ions are bound through chemosorption of iron and aluminium hydrox-ides, clay minerals and potassium ions being in the soil.
Thus the content of absorbable phosphorus of the soil is rather little, at least in soluble form only a very little quantity of phosphorus can be found. Appli-cant supposes that the reason for this is that a big part of the phosphorus is bound within a very short time and thus becomes unabsorbable. The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that such a substance is added to the phosphorus fertilizer which inhibits nearly completely the binding by binding itself on place of the phosphorus on the surface of the clay minerals and hydroxides.
In a surprising manner it was observed that "` lZ1 060:~
kieselguhr is very suitable for this purpose.
A solution was sought where this substance is ad-mixed under the possible most advantageous conditions to the fertilizers containing phosphorus. It was found that the addition of kieselguhr to the phosphorus fertilizers promotes the absorption thereof. The composition of the kieselguhr is as follows:
SiO2 ~ 76.54 %
2 3 3.95 %
Fe2O3 1.56 %
TiO2 0.10 %
CaO 5.62 %
MgO 0.67 %
K2O 0.34 %
MnO 0.04 %
SO3 0.77 %
S2 2.40 %
Water content 7.77 %
totally 100.00 %
Thus, according to one aspect oE the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of fertil-izer compositions promoting the take-up of phosphorus and potassium ions, characterized in that raw kieselguhr is passed through a sieve of a diameter of at most 6 mm, the water content of the thus-obtained purified kieselguhr is reduced to 5 to 8 % by drying at a temperature of 100 to -` 12~0603 - 4a -110C, the dried kieselguhr is ground to a particle size of 40-200 ~, then admixed in a quantity of 2 to 20 per cent by weight related to the total weight of the product with fertilizer containing phosphorus and/or potassium, and the obtained mixture is granulated.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a fertilizer composition promoting the take-up of phosphorus and potassium ions prepared by a process wherein raw kieselguhr is passed through a sieve of a diameter of at most 6 mm, the water content of the thus-obtained purified kieselguhr is reduced to 5 to 8 % by dry-ing at a temperature of 100 to 110C, the dried kieselguhr is ground to a particle size of 40-200 ~, then admixed in a quantity of 2 to 20 per cent by weight related to the total weight of the product with fertilizer containing phosphorus and/or potassium, and the obtained mixture is granulated.
The fertilizer containing kieselguhr exerts an ad-vantageous effect not only due to its silicon content but to the fact, too, that it includes microelements which are necessary for the plants. Otherwise these elements may be rather expensively inserted into the different fertilizers containing trace elements or into leaf manure containing trace elements /e.g. Agromax* 24 mg. /5.6 Mg/ 69,480 Ft, Agromax* 54 /45 % Mn/ 1000 litres 130,000 Ft/.
The present solution is extremely cheap, 2.5 to 5 kg. of kieselguhr are admixed to 95-97 kg. of phosphorus fertilizer and thus the price of the above fertilizer is * Trade Mark raised by only 5-lo Ft/q.
In the case of the fertilizer enriched with the kieselguhr the effect is double:
1. It makes the phosphorus nearly 100 % absorbable 5 for the plant /the silicon is inserted into the clay minerals, hydroxides instead of phosphorus/.
2. It assures other macro- and microelements for the plants.
The advantage of the solution according to the inven-tion may be summarized as follows:
1. Almost 20-30 % less phosphorus has to be added to the plants.
2. The above macro- and microelements assure a yield surplus of 5 %~
If, however, the same quantity is added, than in ~ , ` the case of the plain fertiIizers, a yield surplus of ` 10-15 % is attained.
The advantages of the solution according to the inven-tlon are demonstrated by the following examples:
~ Example 1 If l ha of wheat is treated with a fertilizer rely-ing on a~yield of 60 q/ha, according to the usual technology the foIlowing quantity of nutriment has to be added on an area of 100 ha:
P}ant ha plannedN P205 K20 Total yield q/hakg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha wheat 100 60 150 120 120 390 ~ , `:
` -~ 1210603 Using the composition according to the invention the following quantities are necessary:
Plant ha plan~ed N P2 5 K2o Total yield kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha wheat 100 60 - 150 84 120 354 10 On an area of 100 ha 36 q of P205 may be saved /the present value thereof is 36 x 180 Ft - 6,480 Ft/.
The increase of the yield caused by the macro- and microelements to be found in the kieselguhr admixed to the fertilizer is estimated to 5 %.
15 Our small-plot and large-scale experiments proved the above results, Such small-plot tests were performed in Tiszaigar between 1971 and 1974.
Large-scale tests were carried out in the following 20 places /1981/: 1. Janoshida 2. Tapiogyorgye
The essence of the invention is that the phosphorus fertilizers are admixed with silicon containing substances, the silicon ions are bound on place of the phosphate ions on the surface of the iron hydroxy and aluminium hydroxy radicals of the clay minerals, thus the cultivated plants may utilize the phosphorus ions nearly completely.
The fertilizing is very important in respect of the growth of the plant and the quantity of the yield.
If the plants are submitted to a chemical analysis, one may state that the same elements may be found in them as in the soil.
Certain elements /N, P, K, Mg, Fe, S/ are of vital importance, other elements are significant such as micro-elements /B, Cu, Mn, Mb, Co/ and again other elements play a little or disputed role.
Naturally their percental ratio in the different plants is always an other one and differs even in the individual parts of the same plant, e.g. it is an other in the seed and an other in the stem.
~,~
--- lZ10603 _ 2 --In order to assure the appropriate development of the plants it is important that elements of vital importance may be found in the soil.
The fact, that however many elements are substituted or given into the soil, they can never be taken up complete-ly, has to be taken into account during the fertilizing or dunging.
The ability of taking up is influenced by several factors:
- the type of the soil, - the water, - the heat, - the pH-value, - the humus, . ~
- microorganisms~
- the quality of the soil colloids, clay minerals, - ion exchange, - chemicaL bonds /single or covalent bond/, - the ratio of water and air in the surface soil.
Among the factors influencing the taking up the clay minerals, chemical bonds, pH-value, ion exchange, the ;hydroxy groups of the iron and aluminium compounds are the : ~: :
most important ones in respect of the phosphorus.
In the soil the quantity of the readily soluble phosphorus is little in relation to the quantity of the ; ~ slightly soluble fractions. It is known that the plants take up lO-25 kg of phosphorus/ha from the soil. In the soil : ~
' itself, however, tl~ere are altogether about 0. 4a kg/ha of phosphorus to be taken up.
As a consequence very much phosphorus has to be added to the soil so that the quantity of the phosphorus to be taken up assures a high yield for the plants.
The five to tenfold of the necessary quantity has to be assured by supplying nutriment for the guaranteeing of the above quantity of 10-25 kg/ha of the plant. Over-feeding is necessary because 50 to 70 % of the quantity of the added phosphorus get into a state not suitable for taking up. The binding of the phosphorus ions in the soil takes place in different manners: the phosphorus ions are bound through chemosorption of iron and aluminium hydrox-ides, clay minerals and potassium ions being in the soil.
Thus the content of absorbable phosphorus of the soil is rather little, at least in soluble form only a very little quantity of phosphorus can be found. Appli-cant supposes that the reason for this is that a big part of the phosphorus is bound within a very short time and thus becomes unabsorbable. The advantage of the solution according to the invention is that such a substance is added to the phosphorus fertilizer which inhibits nearly completely the binding by binding itself on place of the phosphorus on the surface of the clay minerals and hydroxides.
In a surprising manner it was observed that "` lZ1 060:~
kieselguhr is very suitable for this purpose.
A solution was sought where this substance is ad-mixed under the possible most advantageous conditions to the fertilizers containing phosphorus. It was found that the addition of kieselguhr to the phosphorus fertilizers promotes the absorption thereof. The composition of the kieselguhr is as follows:
SiO2 ~ 76.54 %
2 3 3.95 %
Fe2O3 1.56 %
TiO2 0.10 %
CaO 5.62 %
MgO 0.67 %
K2O 0.34 %
MnO 0.04 %
SO3 0.77 %
S2 2.40 %
Water content 7.77 %
totally 100.00 %
Thus, according to one aspect oE the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of fertil-izer compositions promoting the take-up of phosphorus and potassium ions, characterized in that raw kieselguhr is passed through a sieve of a diameter of at most 6 mm, the water content of the thus-obtained purified kieselguhr is reduced to 5 to 8 % by drying at a temperature of 100 to -` 12~0603 - 4a -110C, the dried kieselguhr is ground to a particle size of 40-200 ~, then admixed in a quantity of 2 to 20 per cent by weight related to the total weight of the product with fertilizer containing phosphorus and/or potassium, and the obtained mixture is granulated.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a fertilizer composition promoting the take-up of phosphorus and potassium ions prepared by a process wherein raw kieselguhr is passed through a sieve of a diameter of at most 6 mm, the water content of the thus-obtained purified kieselguhr is reduced to 5 to 8 % by dry-ing at a temperature of 100 to 110C, the dried kieselguhr is ground to a particle size of 40-200 ~, then admixed in a quantity of 2 to 20 per cent by weight related to the total weight of the product with fertilizer containing phosphorus and/or potassium, and the obtained mixture is granulated.
The fertilizer containing kieselguhr exerts an ad-vantageous effect not only due to its silicon content but to the fact, too, that it includes microelements which are necessary for the plants. Otherwise these elements may be rather expensively inserted into the different fertilizers containing trace elements or into leaf manure containing trace elements /e.g. Agromax* 24 mg. /5.6 Mg/ 69,480 Ft, Agromax* 54 /45 % Mn/ 1000 litres 130,000 Ft/.
The present solution is extremely cheap, 2.5 to 5 kg. of kieselguhr are admixed to 95-97 kg. of phosphorus fertilizer and thus the price of the above fertilizer is * Trade Mark raised by only 5-lo Ft/q.
In the case of the fertilizer enriched with the kieselguhr the effect is double:
1. It makes the phosphorus nearly 100 % absorbable 5 for the plant /the silicon is inserted into the clay minerals, hydroxides instead of phosphorus/.
2. It assures other macro- and microelements for the plants.
The advantage of the solution according to the inven-tion may be summarized as follows:
1. Almost 20-30 % less phosphorus has to be added to the plants.
2. The above macro- and microelements assure a yield surplus of 5 %~
If, however, the same quantity is added, than in ~ , ` the case of the plain fertiIizers, a yield surplus of ` 10-15 % is attained.
The advantages of the solution according to the inven-tlon are demonstrated by the following examples:
~ Example 1 If l ha of wheat is treated with a fertilizer rely-ing on a~yield of 60 q/ha, according to the usual technology the foIlowing quantity of nutriment has to be added on an area of 100 ha:
P}ant ha plannedN P205 K20 Total yield q/hakg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha wheat 100 60 150 120 120 390 ~ , `:
` -~ 1210603 Using the composition according to the invention the following quantities are necessary:
Plant ha plan~ed N P2 5 K2o Total yield kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha wheat 100 60 - 150 84 120 354 10 On an area of 100 ha 36 q of P205 may be saved /the present value thereof is 36 x 180 Ft - 6,480 Ft/.
The increase of the yield caused by the macro- and microelements to be found in the kieselguhr admixed to the fertilizer is estimated to 5 %.
15 Our small-plot and large-scale experiments proved the above results, Such small-plot tests were performed in Tiszaigar between 1971 and 1974.
Large-scale tests were carried out in the following 20 places /1981/: 1. Janoshida 2. Tapiogyorgye
3. Toalmas
4. Cserkeszolo
5. Csépa
6. Ocsod
7, Jaszsagi AG
that is in the agricultural co-operatives in these places.
The examinations were performed on wheat, maize ~ 12~0603 and sun-~lower fields on areas of 25-lC0 ha.
Kieselguhr was added to the fertilizer applied on the test fields in the following quantities:
a. in 10 per cent by weight b. in 5 per cent by weight c~ in 2.5 per cent by weight.
The best result was attained by the fertilizer to which kieselguhr was added in a quantity of 2.5-5 per cent by weight.
The production tehcnology of the additive super-phosphate:
The production of the additi~e superphosphate consists of two parts:
1. superphosphate production 2. admixing and granulation of superphsophate and the additi~e.
1. Superphosphate Production:
In the Hungarian factories the superphosphate is prepared by sulfuric acid reveal. This step may be describ-ed by the following reaction formula:
Gross reaction:
2 Ca /P04/3F + 7 H2S04 = 3 Ca/HP04/2 + CaS04 + HF
The reaction takes place in two steps:
1. 2 Ca5 /P04/3F + 10 H2S04 3 4 4 2- 2 Cas /P04/3F + 14 H3P04 = 10 Ca /H2P4/2 + HF
In the course of the reveal according to reaction formula /1/ phosphoric acid is formed and this phosphoric acid is reacted with the still present rat~ phosphate "-- ~2~0603 according to reaction /2/, Reaction /1/ takes about 30 minutes.
Reaction /2/ takes about 6 to 30 days.
The latter one is the post-reveal.
The disadvantageous physical properties of the fresh superphosphate improve in the course of the after-ripen-ing, the product becomes, however, hygroscopic owing to the remaining acid content.
Therefore 3 to 4 per cent by weight of limestone powder are admixed in order to bind the phosphoric acid. Instead of this substance the additive is added in a ratio of 50 %.
2. Admixinæ and Production of the superphosphate + addivite:
- ~ Requirement: the post-reveal has to take at least 14 to 22 days. To the powdery superphosphate 2.5-5 % of the additive are admixed and the thus-formed mixture is granulated /cold granulation~, The composition of the additive:
~ ~ -:: -~ .
SiO2 76.54 %
A123 3.95 %
Fe2o3 ; 1.56 %
TiO2 0.10 %
CaO 5.62 %
MgO 0.67 %
K20 0,34 %
Na 0 0.24 %
~- ~ 2 MnO~ 0,04 %
03 0.77 %
- ~Z~0603 S2 2,44 o/O
water content 7.77 % .
total: 100,00 %
Composition of the additive superphosphate /18 %/:
/by adding 3 % of an additive/
P205 - 17.6 %
SiO2 2.3 %
A12 3 0.12 %
Fe203 0.05 %
10~ 2 0.003 %
CaO 0.17 %
MgO 0.002 %
K20 0,001 %
Na20 0 . 001 %
MnO
so3 0.1 %
S2 0.02 %
other carrier 79.35 %
Composition of triple phosphate /45 %/ and kiesel-guhr:
~: 25 44,2 %
SiO2 ~ 2.3 %
A1203 0.12 %
Fe203 0.05 %
2 0.003 %
CaO 0.17 %
MgO 0,002 %
--- 12~0603 -- 10 _ K20 0.001 %
Na20 0.001 %
MnO O.OOl %
S03 O.Ol %
S2 0,02 %
Before the use of the fertilizer the fertilizer was admixed in a quantity of 3 % with kieselguhr and this mixture was applied onto the soil. A double control was used, on plots of identical quality fertilizer containing usual phosphate was applied. On the filed treated with the composition containing silicon according to the inven-tion the yield did not decrease though the added phosphorus ion was smaller.
On the field not treated with the additive fertilizer the yieId was significantly lower.
This is the first part of the further development of the~1nvention.
Furthermore tests were performed by treating the potassium fertilizer with kieselguhr additi~e.
20 ~ ~ Wheat~, maize and sun-flower plants were used for the test. For~the specific fertilizer use of the potassium add1tive /kieselguhr/ test it is apparently characteristic that the control and the treated plots are characterized by similar values. It means that the 25~ 1ncrease of the yield results was not followed by an increase of the use of the specific fertilizer as it occurs at the application of the usual plain potassium fertilizer.
In Tables l and 2 the results attained by applying the ` 12~0603 ,. .
` - 11 used kiesel~uhr fertilizer and kieselguhr phosphorus fertilizer may be found.
The results indicated in Tables 1 and 2 prove that the use of the additive together with the potassium fer-~5 tilizer increased the yield by S to 10 %.
From these~facts it comes clear that the positiYeeffect of the additive is significant at both fertilizers.
Thus it may presumably be~used at complex fertilizers whlch contains phosphorus and potassium as 10 ~active~agent.~This is~ the second part of the further dev~e~lopment~of the~lnv~ention.
Since t~he invention does not interfere with the llfe~ of the~plant~but exerts its effect in the soil, i,e, it~is a~chemlcal~effect~ it~exerts its effect not only on~maize~;wheat~a~nd~sun-flowers~but it may be extended ; on all~cu;ltiYated~plants~, gr;a~pe /except~sand soils/ and orchards~as~we}~ This~1s~the~thlrd part~of~the further `de~elopme~nt of the invention. ~ ~ ~
.. . . . . .
~-- lZ10~03 _ 12 -Yield results of the additive process according to Torocsik in 1982 5 Wheat . .
Name of the FièldAverage Yield kg/ha Surplus co-operative No. 0treated kg~ha -Potassium + additive Cserkesz810 C-2-3 5250 5440 190 Csépa C-6 4950 5865 915 Ocs~d III-10 2810 3373 563 Jaszsagi AG I-3 3943 4438 495 Toalm~s B-? 4159 5173 1014 Ocsod IV-ll 5086 6110 1024 :
Average: 4366 5067 701 Increase: + 16 %
`-- 12~0603 -- 13 -- . , Yie ld results in the test$:
Maize Name of theField C o n t r o 1 T r e a t e d Sur--o-operativeNo. K K+add,P+add. K K+add.P+add. plus kg/ha kg/ha k~;/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha ~serkeszoloC/4 - 7305 _ - 8569 - 1?64 ~sépa A/5 - 4450 _ - 5720 _ 1270 ''csod IV/137922 - - 8896 - - 974 III/ll - 5044 _ _ 6799 ~ 1755 Janoshida A/3 - - 3020 - - 42 15 1105 Jaszsagi ~GI/105801 - - 6322 - - 521 15 rapiogyorgye XII - - 4 140 - - 5205 1065 loa~mas A/5 - 5313 - - 7110 - 1800 A/63 150 _ 4200 - 1050 20 ~verage: 5624 5440 3580 6472 6721 4710 1140 lZ10~03 -Har~esting test results:
Sun-f lower "o-operativeFieldC o n t r o l T r e a t e d Plus No,K K+add, P+add, K K+add, P~add, yield kg/ha kg/ha k~;/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha Jancshida A/9 _ 1698 - _ 1955 - 303 10 ~apiogyorgye III/l2348 - - 2566 - - 218 III/3 - 2050 _ - 2740 - 690 roal~s B/XIV 1818 - - 2202 - - 384 15 Total: 404 , , .
that is in the agricultural co-operatives in these places.
The examinations were performed on wheat, maize ~ 12~0603 and sun-~lower fields on areas of 25-lC0 ha.
Kieselguhr was added to the fertilizer applied on the test fields in the following quantities:
a. in 10 per cent by weight b. in 5 per cent by weight c~ in 2.5 per cent by weight.
The best result was attained by the fertilizer to which kieselguhr was added in a quantity of 2.5-5 per cent by weight.
The production tehcnology of the additive super-phosphate:
The production of the additi~e superphosphate consists of two parts:
1. superphosphate production 2. admixing and granulation of superphsophate and the additi~e.
1. Superphosphate Production:
In the Hungarian factories the superphosphate is prepared by sulfuric acid reveal. This step may be describ-ed by the following reaction formula:
Gross reaction:
2 Ca /P04/3F + 7 H2S04 = 3 Ca/HP04/2 + CaS04 + HF
The reaction takes place in two steps:
1. 2 Ca5 /P04/3F + 10 H2S04 3 4 4 2- 2 Cas /P04/3F + 14 H3P04 = 10 Ca /H2P4/2 + HF
In the course of the reveal according to reaction formula /1/ phosphoric acid is formed and this phosphoric acid is reacted with the still present rat~ phosphate "-- ~2~0603 according to reaction /2/, Reaction /1/ takes about 30 minutes.
Reaction /2/ takes about 6 to 30 days.
The latter one is the post-reveal.
The disadvantageous physical properties of the fresh superphosphate improve in the course of the after-ripen-ing, the product becomes, however, hygroscopic owing to the remaining acid content.
Therefore 3 to 4 per cent by weight of limestone powder are admixed in order to bind the phosphoric acid. Instead of this substance the additive is added in a ratio of 50 %.
2. Admixinæ and Production of the superphosphate + addivite:
- ~ Requirement: the post-reveal has to take at least 14 to 22 days. To the powdery superphosphate 2.5-5 % of the additive are admixed and the thus-formed mixture is granulated /cold granulation~, The composition of the additive:
~ ~ -:: -~ .
SiO2 76.54 %
A123 3.95 %
Fe2o3 ; 1.56 %
TiO2 0.10 %
CaO 5.62 %
MgO 0.67 %
K20 0,34 %
Na 0 0.24 %
~- ~ 2 MnO~ 0,04 %
03 0.77 %
- ~Z~0603 S2 2,44 o/O
water content 7.77 % .
total: 100,00 %
Composition of the additive superphosphate /18 %/:
/by adding 3 % of an additive/
P205 - 17.6 %
SiO2 2.3 %
A12 3 0.12 %
Fe203 0.05 %
10~ 2 0.003 %
CaO 0.17 %
MgO 0.002 %
K20 0,001 %
Na20 0 . 001 %
MnO
so3 0.1 %
S2 0.02 %
other carrier 79.35 %
Composition of triple phosphate /45 %/ and kiesel-guhr:
~: 25 44,2 %
SiO2 ~ 2.3 %
A1203 0.12 %
Fe203 0.05 %
2 0.003 %
CaO 0.17 %
MgO 0,002 %
--- 12~0603 -- 10 _ K20 0.001 %
Na20 0.001 %
MnO O.OOl %
S03 O.Ol %
S2 0,02 %
Before the use of the fertilizer the fertilizer was admixed in a quantity of 3 % with kieselguhr and this mixture was applied onto the soil. A double control was used, on plots of identical quality fertilizer containing usual phosphate was applied. On the filed treated with the composition containing silicon according to the inven-tion the yield did not decrease though the added phosphorus ion was smaller.
On the field not treated with the additive fertilizer the yieId was significantly lower.
This is the first part of the further development of the~1nvention.
Furthermore tests were performed by treating the potassium fertilizer with kieselguhr additi~e.
20 ~ ~ Wheat~, maize and sun-flower plants were used for the test. For~the specific fertilizer use of the potassium add1tive /kieselguhr/ test it is apparently characteristic that the control and the treated plots are characterized by similar values. It means that the 25~ 1ncrease of the yield results was not followed by an increase of the use of the specific fertilizer as it occurs at the application of the usual plain potassium fertilizer.
In Tables l and 2 the results attained by applying the ` 12~0603 ,. .
` - 11 used kiesel~uhr fertilizer and kieselguhr phosphorus fertilizer may be found.
The results indicated in Tables 1 and 2 prove that the use of the additive together with the potassium fer-~5 tilizer increased the yield by S to 10 %.
From these~facts it comes clear that the positiYeeffect of the additive is significant at both fertilizers.
Thus it may presumably be~used at complex fertilizers whlch contains phosphorus and potassium as 10 ~active~agent.~This is~ the second part of the further dev~e~lopment~of the~lnv~ention.
Since t~he invention does not interfere with the llfe~ of the~plant~but exerts its effect in the soil, i,e, it~is a~chemlcal~effect~ it~exerts its effect not only on~maize~;wheat~a~nd~sun-flowers~but it may be extended ; on all~cu;ltiYated~plants~, gr;a~pe /except~sand soils/ and orchards~as~we}~ This~1s~the~thlrd part~of~the further `de~elopme~nt of the invention. ~ ~ ~
.. . . . . .
~-- lZ10~03 _ 12 -Yield results of the additive process according to Torocsik in 1982 5 Wheat . .
Name of the FièldAverage Yield kg/ha Surplus co-operative No. 0treated kg~ha -Potassium + additive Cserkesz810 C-2-3 5250 5440 190 Csépa C-6 4950 5865 915 Ocs~d III-10 2810 3373 563 Jaszsagi AG I-3 3943 4438 495 Toalm~s B-? 4159 5173 1014 Ocsod IV-ll 5086 6110 1024 :
Average: 4366 5067 701 Increase: + 16 %
`-- 12~0603 -- 13 -- . , Yie ld results in the test$:
Maize Name of theField C o n t r o 1 T r e a t e d Sur--o-operativeNo. K K+add,P+add. K K+add.P+add. plus kg/ha kg/ha k~;/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha ~serkeszoloC/4 - 7305 _ - 8569 - 1?64 ~sépa A/5 - 4450 _ - 5720 _ 1270 ''csod IV/137922 - - 8896 - - 974 III/ll - 5044 _ _ 6799 ~ 1755 Janoshida A/3 - - 3020 - - 42 15 1105 Jaszsagi ~GI/105801 - - 6322 - - 521 15 rapiogyorgye XII - - 4 140 - - 5205 1065 loa~mas A/5 - 5313 - - 7110 - 1800 A/63 150 _ 4200 - 1050 20 ~verage: 5624 5440 3580 6472 6721 4710 1140 lZ10~03 -Har~esting test results:
Sun-f lower "o-operativeFieldC o n t r o l T r e a t e d Plus No,K K+add, P+add, K K+add, P~add, yield kg/ha kg/ha k~;/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha Jancshida A/9 _ 1698 - _ 1955 - 303 10 ~apiogyorgye III/l2348 - - 2566 - - 218 III/3 - 2050 _ - 2740 - 690 roal~s B/XIV 1818 - - 2202 - - 384 15 Total: 404 , , .
Claims (2)
1. A process for the preparation of fertilizer compositions promoting the take-up of phosphorus and potassium ions, characterized in that raw kieselguhr is passed through a sieve of a diameter of at most 6 mm, the water content of the thus-obtained purified kieselguhr is reduced to 5 to 8 % by drying at a temperature of 100 to 110°C, the dried kieselguhr is ground to a particle size of 40-200 µ, then admixed in a quantity of 2 to 20 per cent by weight related to the total weight of the product with fertilizer containing phosphorus and/or potassium, and the obtained mixture is granulated.
2. A fertilizer composition promoting the take-up of phosphorus and potassium ions prepared by a process wherein raw kieselguhr is passed through a sieve of a diameter of at most 6 mm, the water content of the thus-obtained purified kieselguhr is reduced to 5 to 8 % by drying at a temperature of 100 to 110°C, the dried kiesel-guhr is ground to a particle size of 40-200 µ , then admixed in a quantity of 2 to 20 per cent by weight related to the total weight of the product with fertilizer containing phosphorus and/or potassium, and the obtained mixture is granulated.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU178982A HU186940B (en) | 1982-06-03 | 1982-06-03 | Process for producing synthetic fertilizers for promoting intake of phosphor- and potassium-ions |
| AT0391483A AT384211B (en) | 1982-06-03 | 1983-11-07 | ART FERTILIZER WITH PEBBLE ELEMENT |
| FI834677A FI834677A (en) | 1982-06-03 | 1983-12-19 | KONSTGOEDSEL. |
| PT77865A PT77865B (en) | 1982-06-03 | 1983-12-20 | Process for the preparation of synthetical fertilizers containing at least an adjuvant silicon composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1210603A true CA1210603A (en) | 1986-09-02 |
Family
ID=27421982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000441413A Expired CA1210603A (en) | 1982-06-03 | 1983-11-17 | Fertilizer composition containing a silicon additive |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0110931A4 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT384211B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU565404B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE898311A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1210603A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3341188A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI834677A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT77865B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1983004248A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2591423B1 (en) * | 1985-12-17 | 1988-09-16 | Saint Gobain Isover | NUTRITIONAL GLASSES FOR AGRICULTURE |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1075643B (en) * | 1960-02-18 | Dipl Landw Ernst Seifert Celle und Heinz Lohmann Hamburg Klein flottbek | Process for the production of fertilizers | |
| DE487702C (en) * | 1924-08-02 | 1929-12-14 | Kali Chemie Akt Ges | Manufacture of fertilizers |
| GB348056A (en) * | 1930-01-27 | 1931-04-27 | Gerhard Wansart | Improvements in plant fertilizers |
| DE645223C (en) * | 1930-10-28 | 1937-05-25 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Process for the production of non-baking fertilizers |
| DE841760C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1952-06-19 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the digestion of rock phosphates by sintering on the blow grate |
| GB1195559A (en) * | 1966-12-01 | 1970-06-17 | Hekel & Cie Gmbh | Process for the Preparation of a Combined Soil-Improvement Agent and Fertiliser |
| US3544301A (en) * | 1967-10-05 | 1970-12-01 | Republic Steel Corp | Process for converting phosphate rock to fertilizer |
| GB1265660A (en) * | 1968-08-17 | 1972-03-01 | ||
| SU441258A1 (en) * | 1972-02-09 | 1974-08-30 | Уральский научно-исследовательский институт черных металлов | Fertilizer |
| BE795844A (en) * | 1972-02-25 | 1973-08-23 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | SOIL IMPROVEMENT AGENT CONTAINING SILICA GEL AND WHICH CAN BE SPREADED |
| DE2612888C2 (en) * | 1976-03-26 | 1978-02-02 | Guano-Werke AG, vorm. Ohlendorffsche und Merck'sche Werke, 2000 Hamburg | Process for the production of soil improvers and fertilizers containing granulated colloidal silica and phosphates |
| DE2706275A1 (en) * | 1977-02-15 | 1978-08-17 | Basf Ag | Lawn care composition - contg. clay mineral e.g. bentonite or kaolin, colloidal silicic acid, and nitrogen- and phosphorus-contg. nutrients |
-
1983
- 1983-06-03 EP EP19830901725 patent/EP0110931A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-03 WO PCT/HU1983/000030 patent/WO1983004248A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-11-07 AT AT0391483A patent/AT384211B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-14 DE DE19833341188 patent/DE3341188A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-11-17 CA CA000441413A patent/CA1210603A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-18 AU AU21506/83A patent/AU565404B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-11-25 BE BE0/211934A patent/BE898311A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-19 FI FI834677A patent/FI834677A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-12-20 PT PT77865A patent/PT77865B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT384211B (en) | 1987-10-12 |
| FI834677A0 (en) | 1983-12-19 |
| ATA391483A (en) | 1987-03-15 |
| DE3341188A1 (en) | 1985-05-30 |
| PT77865B (en) | 1986-05-05 |
| EP0110931A1 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
| PT77865A (en) | 1984-01-01 |
| FI834677A (en) | 1985-06-20 |
| AU565404B2 (en) | 1987-09-17 |
| WO1983004248A1 (en) | 1983-12-08 |
| EP0110931A4 (en) | 1987-09-22 |
| AU2150683A (en) | 1985-05-23 |
| BE898311A (en) | 1984-03-16 |
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