HU181454B - Device for separating the tomato berries from cut stalk - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating tomato berries from the cut stump (bush), which is applicable to tomatoes grown for edible and canning purposes in tomato harvesting machines.

Various such devices are known, the common feature of which is the separation of the berry from the tomato stalk and the removal of the berry. they are removed by means of a swivel or swivel shaker located downstream of the crop applicator. These include, for example, the berry-picking equipment of the US known as "UC Blackwelder" or "Button Johnson", the Soviet "SKKT-2" 10 and the "PBT" Hungarian tomato harvesting machines.

However, the disadvantage of such berry extractors is that their structural size is too large, since the length of the shaker must be tailored to the requirements for the removal of more firmly ripened or not fully ripened berries. Practical experience has shown that, even with long shakers (sometimes 7-8 meters in length), the berry loss is too high, sometimes reaching 10%. A further disadvantage is that although the ripe tomatoes are detached from the stalk during the first stage of the shaker, they may be damaged by intensive shaking through the shaker, which may further increase the loss of harvest berries.

The capacity (permeability) of the above equipment is limited to a maximum of 10 tonnes per hour compared to modern requirements.

In order to reduce harvest losses, eg. No. 168,368. A patent has already been proposed in the Hungarian patent for a tomato peeling apparatus having a long shake crop 30 and a pair of rollers consisting of two rotating rollers above and behind it. The purpose of the crop applicator is to transfer the crop to the area of the roller pairs to separate the berries and to shake the soil during application. These pairs of pulling rollers are capable of detaching both weakly and strongly bound berries on the stems, if the addition of the crop is such that the tomato bushes can be satisfactorily captured by the rotating pairs of rolls. However, given that the size of shrubs can vary widely within a single tomato variety, this condition is only occasionally met in practice. A further disadvantage of the above proposal is that ripe berries are at risk of injury on the long shake crop. Due to the long crop carrier, the structural dimensions of such a device are too large. In addition, its performance is limited, but its berry loss is considerable.

Probably for the reasons mentioned above, this equipment is not widespread in practice.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above shortcomings.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a tomato peeler with substantially smaller structural dimensions, higher throughput and effective reduction of harvest losses compared to prior art solutions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is solved by the development of a known tomato harvester having a structure for applying the cut tomato plant to the harvesting space and at least one stalk for harvesting the berries181454

-1181454 has a pair of pulling rolls, wherein the further development, i.e. the invention, is that, for the two-stage berry separation, it cooperates with a pair of rollers for separating hardly peeled berries in the peeling space, and the crop pickup end is located below the delivery end of the crop delivery device and has openings for the free fall of the detached berries, whereby the relative position of the pairs of rollers relative to the shaker conveyor is preferably adjustable.

Thus, with the above measures according to the invention, the berries are separated not in one step but in two stages, respectively. gear. The ripe, easily detachable tomato berries are separated in the first stage by the shaker conveyor and, upon detachment, can fall directly through the openings of the shaker conveyor into the berry carrier. Thus, the risk of injury to ripe berries is minimized.

In the second stage, the green or semi-ripe berries, which are strongly attached to the stalk, are separated by pairs of stalk rollers. By adjusting the relative position of the pawl roller pairs, when harvesting different types of stem size paracons, the machine can be adjusted to operate with minimal harvesting losses.

The vibrating conveyor may preferably be a swinging, 25 or swinging vibrator. However, a solution is also possible in which the swing-conveyor conveyor is suspended and further eccentric-driven. This improves the berry separation efficiency on the shaker conveyor. 30

Preferably, the proposed apparatus has a diverter arranged to stream the tomato bushes from the vibrating conveyor to the pairs of rollers. This will separate the pairs of shaft pulling rollers! its efficiency can be further improved. 35

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a tomato peeling apparatus according to the invention; 40

Figure 2 is a side view of a detail of the solution of Figure 1 on a relatively larger scale;

Figure 3 is a view in the direction of arrow III in Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a schematic operating diagram of a second exemplary embodiment of the apparatus of the invention; 45

Figure 5 is a detail view of the solution of Figure 4 on a relatively larger scale;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.

As shown in Fig. 1, the tomato peeling apparatus has a known crop application structure 1, the discharge end of which extends into a separating space 14. The separation space 14 is defined by top and rear pairs of known roller cylinders 55, each consisting of two opposed rollers. Below the separation space 14 is a berry carrier structure 9 known per se.

In accordance with the present invention, in the separation space 14, a pair of shaft-pulling rollers 13 is associated with a shaker-conveyor device, designated 60 in its entirety. Its left end is located below the end of the crop applicator 1. The shaker conveying device 2 is provided with openings 4 through which the already separated tomato berries may fall to the berry carrier 9. 65

In Figure 1, the vibrating conveyor device 2 consists of an endless, driven (the drive is not separately shown) rising slightly as a chain having two upper láncága turned in _the opposite sense vibrating element 6 cooperates with and correct seven vibrating element. The drive of the chain shaker conveyor 2 is received from the shaft 3 and its specially designed chain elements 5 are bathed (Figures 2 and 3). The chain elements 5 can be removed from the plane of the chain by the shaker element 7 as shown in FIG. The chain elements 5 in this case have blades 8 made of rubber sheets in which the openings 4 are formed. Figure 3 also shows some variations of these. The shaking elements 6 and 7 can thus be oscillated periodically by the shaker conveyor structure 2.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the apparatus has a valve 18 which is intended to raise and distribute the tomato bushes conveyed by the shaker conveyor 2 to the pairs of rollers 13.

Each pair of shaft-pulling rollers 13 is disposed on the correct rod 21 and is pivotable about the pivot 22 and then secured. Thus, their position relative to the vibrating conveyor 2 can be varied.

1-3. The operation of the exemplary embodiment of Figs.

The cut tomato bushes are fed by the crop applicator 1 to the shaker conveyor 2 arranged in the separation space 14. 6 and 7, the effect of vibrating elements 2 is periodically vibrated in the upper structure located on two shake _the side chain paradicsombokrokat, resulting in easily detachable berries are detached from the stalk and fell through the openings 4 of the 9 bogyóelhordó structure. With heavier peeling berries, tomato bunches are brought into the operating range of the stem-pulling pairs 13, which is also assisted by the airflow of the winder 18. The pairs of roller pulling rollers 13, due to their pulling ability, pull the stalks, then pull and pull them apart. As a result of the inertia force due to the sudden pulling of the stems, the berries are detached from the stem and fall into the berry carrier 9.

Fig. 4 shows a variant of the apparatus according to Fig. 1, in which the vibrating conveyor device 2 is pivotally arranged on pendulum pivots 15 and pivots 19. In this case, the eccentric drive 16 is connected to the rod 19 via a connecting rod 20. Thus, the vibrating conveyor 2 even performs swinging motion. The design of the chain elements is also different. Here, we used as chain elements 17 shown in Figure 5, portions that secure the paradicsombokrokat the upper branch _{of the} chain 2. Effective separation of the berries in this solution is effected by the combined effect of the shaking elements 6 and 7 and the mass forces resulting from the oscillation of the eccentric drive 16.

Figures 6 and 7 show further exemplary embodiments which differ from the above only in that the vibrating conveyor 2 is designed as a swinging structure which is in engagement with the elbow shafts 11. In this case, the pivoting strip 10 of the vibrating conveyor 2 is 2 meters long and each of its points is circularly rotated by the elbow shafts 11. In the present case, the camshaft pairs 11 have an angle of 180 ° with each other and the adjacent cantilever pairs have an equal angle (not shown).

In the variant of Fig. 7, a unit 12 for delivering berries to the berry carrier 9 is arranged beneath the swinging conveyor conveyor 2. 6 and 7

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Otherwise, the shapes are the same as in Figure 1 in terms of their structure and mode of operation.

Experiments with the exemplary embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention have shown that harvest losses can be reduced to 3 to 5% compared to the current 6-10%. In addition, structural dimensions and weight can be reduced by about half, and harvesting capacity can be doubled compared to known solutions, resulting in significant economic benefits. A further advantage is that the proposed apparatus is well adapted to the requirements of tomato varieties with different properties for berry extraction. In addition, it enables the development of high-performance and efficient tomato harvesters of relatively small size and weight.

Patent claims

Claims (5)

Patent claims Apparatus for separating tomato berries from the stalk, for tomato harvesting machines having a crop applicator and at least one stalk roller for harvesting berries, characterized in that the stubble, . provided with a vibrating conveyor (2) for separating the easily detached berries, cooperating with pairs of rollers (13), the crop receiving end of which is located in the region of the release end of the crop applying structure (1) and openings (4) ), and the pair of pulleys (13) is preferably adjustable relative to the shaker conveyor (2). An embodiment of the device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrating conveyor (2) is endless, Is formed of 10 driven residue having (4) provided with openings, chain elements with swing-out of the chain plane of blades (8) (5) and cooperating with the upper chain branches ₍₂₎ rotating and / or correctness of vibrating elements are (6, 7). An embodiment of the apparatus of claim 2, wherein: 15, characterized in that the shaking conveyor means (2) 19) is pivotably arranged and engages with an eccentric drive (16) via a connecting rod (20). An embodiment of the apparatus of claim 1, wherein 20, characterized in that the vibrating conveying device (2) is designed as a swinging device which is in engagement with at least one curb axis (11). 5. An embodiment of the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an air-flow valve (18) for aiding the tomato bushes from the vibrating conveyor (2) to the pairs of rollers (13). 5 drawings, 7 figures