HRP990415A2 - Process of ventilation of road tunnels - Google Patents
Process of ventilation of road tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- HRP990415A2 HRP990415A2 HR990415A HRP990415A HRP990415A2 HR P990415 A2 HRP990415 A2 HR P990415A2 HR 990415 A HR990415 A HR 990415A HR P990415 A HRP990415 A HR P990415A HR P990415 A2 HRP990415 A2 HR P990415A2
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- fire
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
- A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Description
Izum za koji se traži zaštita patenta razvrstan je prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata u skupinu A 62 C 39/00 u kojoj su obuhvaćeni postupci, oprema i pribor za gašenje požara, koji nisu predviđeni u ostalim skupinama. The invention for which patent protection is requested is classified according to the International Classification of Patents in group A 62 C 39/00, which includes procedures, equipment and accessories for extinguishing fires, which are not provided for in other groups.
Cestovni tuneli u normalnoj uporabi moraju imati mogućnost provjetravanja prirodnim ili prisilnim načinom, kako bi se mogla vršiti izmjena zraka u tunelu i održavati parametri čistoće (zagađenosti) u dozvoljenim granicama. Zbog toga se u tunele ugrađuju ventilacioni sustavi (na primjer aksijalni ventilatori) koji potpomažu cirkulaciju zraka kroz tunel. Mjerenjem zagađenosti i dolaskom do gornje dozvoljene granice, uključuje se ventilacioni sustav koji prisilnom cirkulacijom ubacuje svježi vanjski zrak u tunel i smanjuje zagađenost zraka u tunelu. Road tunnels in normal use must have the possibility of natural or forced ventilation, in order to be able to exchange air in the tunnel and maintain cleanliness (pollution) parameters within the permitted limits. For this reason, ventilation systems (for example, axial fans) are installed in the tunnels, which support air circulation through the tunnel. By measuring the pollution and reaching the upper limit, the ventilation system is switched on, which introduces fresh outside air into the tunnel through forced circulation and reduces the air pollution in the tunnel.
Takav ili sličan sustav ventilacije funkcionira zadovoljavajuće do trenutka kada dođe do požara u tunelu. U tom trenutku, zbog količine gorivih materijala na mjestu izbijanja požara (vozila, gorivo, teret i drugo) dolazi do naglog širenja požara, što uzrokuje nagli rast temperature i vrlo jaka strujanja zraka u tunelu, što otežava spašavanje ljudi i lokalizaciju požara. Zbog otežanog evakuiranja vozila (okretanje i izlaženje iz tunela) i danas velikih dužina tunela, a i velikog prometa vozila u tunelu, vrlo je otežan dolazak spasioca do mjesta izbijanja požara i njegova lokalizacija. Požari radi toga uzrokuju ogromne materijalne štete, dugo vrijeme osposobljavanja tunela za uporabu, otežan promet na području gdje je tunel isključen iz uporabe i velik broj ljudskih žrtava. Such or a similar ventilation system functions satisfactorily until a fire occurs in the tunnel. At that moment, due to the amount of combustible materials at the place where the fire broke out (vehicles, fuel, cargo, etc.), there is a sudden spread of the fire, which causes a sudden rise in temperature and very strong air currents in the tunnel, which makes it difficult to rescue people and localize the fire. Due to the difficulty of evacuating vehicles (turning around and exiting the tunnel) and the large length of the tunnel today, as well as the high volume of vehicle traffic in the tunnel, it is very difficult for rescuers to reach the place of the fire and its localization. As a result, fires cause enormous material damage, a long time for the tunnel to be prepared for use, difficult traffic in the area where the tunnel is closed from use, and a large number of human casualties.
Priložene slike prikazuju: The attached pictures show:
slika 1 prikazuje normalni režim u uzdužnom presjeku kroz bočni otsisni kanal tunela, Figure 1 shows the normal regime in a longitudinal section through the side exhaust channel of the tunnel,
slika 2 prikazuje presjek A-A sa slike 1, figure 2 shows the section A-A from figure 1,
slika 3 prikazuje normalni režim u uzdužnom presjeku kroz srednji tlačni kanal tunela, figure 3 shows the normal regime in a longitudinal section through the middle pressure channel of the tunnel,
slika 4 prikazuje presjek B-B sa slike 3, Figure 4 shows the section B-B from Figure 3,
slika 5 prikazuje požarni režim u uzdužnom presjeku tunela, Figure 5 shows the fire regime in the longitudinal section of the tunnel,
slika 6 prikazuje presjek C-C sa slike 5, figure 6 shows the section C-C from figure 5,
slika 7 prikazuje presjek D-D sa slike 5. Figure 7 shows the D-D section from Figure 5.
Da bi se izbjegli gore navedeni nedostaci kod ventilacije cestovnih tunela u slučaju izbijanja požara u tunelu, predviđen je postupak ventilacije cestovnih tunela, tako da je tunel uzdužno opremljen spuštenim stropom, horizontalna pregrada l na visini od 4,5 do 4,7 m iznad kolnika, a prostor iznad tog stropa je podijeljen uzdužno s dvije vertikalne pregrade 2 u tri uzdužna kanala. Kroz bočne kanale 3, preko elektromotornih i vatrootpornih žaluzija 4 ugrađenih u horizontalnoj pregradi l spuštenog stropa, otsisava se zrak, plinovi i dim iz tunela i izbacuje iznad čela tunela u atmosferu, odnosno pročišćava u uređajima za filtriranje. Žaluzije 4 se ugrađuju u razmacima od oko 50 do oko 100 metara, osim na početku tunela gdje se prve ugrađuju na oko 100 metara od početka tunela. Na svakom kraju tunela, to jest na svakom uzdužnom bočnom kanalu s obje strane tunela ugrađeni su specijalni aksijalni ventilatori 5, građeni za rad na povišenim temperaturama i za zagađeni zrak s povišenim sadržajem plinova, čestica i kapljica vode. Broj okretaja ventilatora 5 regulira se frekventnim regulatorima čime se osigurava kontinuirana regulacija njegovog kapaciteta prema zahtjevima za čistoću zraka u tunelu. Otsisavanje se vrši kroz bočne kanale 3 i to 2 x 50% = 100% potrebne količine zraka iz projekta ventilacije. In order to avoid the above-mentioned deficiencies in the ventilation of road tunnels in the event of a fire in the tunnel, the procedure for the ventilation of road tunnels is provided, so that the tunnel is longitudinally equipped with a suspended ceiling, a horizontal partition l at a height of 4.5 to 4.7 m above the roadway , and the space above that ceiling is divided longitudinally by two vertical partitions 2 into three longitudinal channels. Air, gases and smoke are extracted from the tunnel through the side channels 3, through electric and fire-resistant blinds 4 installed in the horizontal partition l of the suspended ceiling and expelled above the tunnel face into the atmosphere, i.e. purified in filtering devices. Blinds 4 are installed at intervals of about 50 to about 100 meters, except at the beginning of the tunnel where the first ones are installed at about 100 meters from the beginning of the tunnel. At each end of the tunnel, that is, on each longitudinal side channel on both sides of the tunnel, special axial fans 5 are installed, built to work at elevated temperatures and for polluted air with an increased content of gases, particles and water droplets. The number of revolutions of the fan 5 is regulated by frequency regulators, which ensures continuous regulation of its capacity according to the requirements for air purity in the tunnel. Extraction is done through side channels 3 and that is 2 x 50% = 100% of the required amount of air from the ventilation project.
Ubacivanje zraka u tunel postižemo: By injecting air into the tunnel, we achieve:
- 50% ventilatorima 6 kroz srednji kanal 7 u srednji dio tunela, - 50% by fans 6 through the middle channel 7 into the middle part of the tunnel,
- 50% ulazi zbog potlaka otsisnih ventilatora 5 slobodno kroz čeone otvore tunela. - 50% enters freely through the front openings of the tunnel due to the pressure of the exhaust fans 5.
Sustav radi automatski voden kompjuterskim programom. Ventilatori 6 ugrađeni u srednji kanal 7 mogu raditi reverzibilno, što znači da mogu raditi kao otsisni i tlačni. The system works automatically guided by a computer program. The fans 6 installed in the middle channel 7 can work reversibly, which means they can work as suction and pressure.
Kod požara u tunelu, ventilacija ima drugu funkciju od ranije navedene, te mora osigurati: In the event of a fire in a tunnel, ventilation has a different function than the one mentioned above, and must ensure:
- odvod dima i plinova iz zone požara P, - exhaust of smoke and gases from the fire zone P,
- dovod svježeg zraka neposredno do požara, ali tako da stvori zračnu zavjesu koja onemogućuje širenje dima i vatre uzduž tunela, sa svrhom nesmetanog pristupa spasioca do unesrećenih, te evakuaciju ljudi iz tog dijela tunela. - supply of fresh air directly to the fire, but in such a way as to create an air curtain that prevents the spread of smoke and fire along the tunnel, with the purpose of unhindered access of rescuers to the victims, and the evacuation of people from that part of the tunnel.
Ograničavanjem širenja požara na relativno mali dio tunela (ta dužina ovisi o gustoći ugrađenih stropnih žaluzija 4) omogućuje se primjena efikasnih stabilnih sustava za gašenje u tom dijelu tunela, kao što je gašenje vodenom maglom, vodom, plinom CO2 i slično. Efikasni sustav dojave je vrlo bitan za točno i brzo lociranje požara. Operateru slijedeći postupak rada ventilacije u tunelu omogućuje: By limiting the spread of the fire to a relatively small part of the tunnel (this length depends on the density of the installed ceiling blinds 4), it is possible to use efficient and stable extinguishing systems in that part of the tunnel, such as extinguishing with water mist, water, CO2 gas and the like. An efficient reporting system is very important for accurate and quick fire location. By following the ventilation operation procedure in the tunnel, it enables the operator to:
- prebacivanje automatskog rada sustava ventilacije na ručni režim, radi postavljanja optimalnih parametara otsisa dima i plinova, te dovoda svježeg zraka; - switching the automatic operation of the ventilation system to manual mode, in order to set optimal parameters of smoke and gas exhaust, and fresh air supply;
- ventilatori 5 u bočnim kanalima 3 reguliraju se prema maksimalnom otsisu ovisno o razvoju situacije na mjestu požara; - the fans 5 in the side channels 3 are regulated according to the maximum otsis depending on the development of the situation at the place of the fire;
- ventilatori 6 u srednjem kanalu 7 rade kao otsisni odnosno tlačni ovisno o mjestu požara u tunelu. Ventilator 6 na strani tunela koja je od mjesta požara bliža izlazu radi kao otsisni, a ventilator 6 na strani tunela koja je od mjesta požara udaljenija od izlaza radi kao tlačni. Time je onemogućeno nekontrolirano strujanje zraka prema požaru; - fans 6 in the middle channel 7 work as suction or pressure depending on the location of the fire in the tunnel. Fan 6 on the side of the tunnel that is closer to the exit from the fire site works as suction, and fan 6 on the side of the tunnel that is farther from the fire site than the exit works as pressure. This prevents the uncontrolled flow of air towards the fire;
- kod kanala koji rade kao otsisni (bočni kanal 3 i srednji kanal 7) otvorene su samo žaluzije 4 neposredno uz mjesto požara, dok su sve ostale nepropusno zatvorene; - in the case of ducts that work as suction (side duct 3 and middle duct 7), only blinds 4 are open immediately next to the fire, while all the others are hermetically sealed;
- kod kanala koji rade kao tlačni (srednji kanal 7) otvorene su druga, treća i četvrta žaluzija 4 od mjesta požara prema izlazu tunela, dok su druge nepropusno zatvorene radi kontrolirane regulacije strujanja zraka u tunelu. - in the case of channels that work as pressure (middle channel 7), the second, third and fourth blinds 4 from the place of fire towards the exit of the tunnel are open, while the others are hermetically closed for the controlled regulation of the air flow in the tunnel.
Takvim postupkom ventilacije cestovnih tunela postižemo da: With such a process of ventilation of road tunnels, we achieve that:
- nema širenja dima i požara izvan kontroliranog područja (udaljenost između dvije žaluzije od oko 50 do oko 100 metara); - no spread of smoke and fire outside the controlled area (distance between two blinds of about 50 to about 100 meters);
- dobivamo efikasno djelovanje stabilnog sustava za gašenje, jer nema uzdužnog strujanja zraka i dovođenja novog zraka na mjesto požara, tako da dolazi do samogašenja požara zbog smanjenja količine kisika; - we get the efficient operation of a stable extinguishing system, because there is no longitudinal air flow and bringing new air to the place of the fire, so that the fire self-extinguishes due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen;
- omogućena je brza i sigurna evakuacija ljudi iz tunela, te osiguran nesmetan dolazak spasioca neposredno do mjesta požara; - the quick and safe evacuation of people from the tunnel is enabled, and the unhindered arrival of rescuers directly to the fire site is ensured;
- nema potrebe graditi posebna skloništa u tunelu za ljude; - there is no need to build special shelters in the tunnel for people;
- imamo vrlo elastičan rad sustava regulacije ventilatora i žaluzija; - we have a very flexible operation of the fan and blind regulation system;
- održavanje opreme je moguće uz odvijanje prometa u tunelu; - maintenance of the equipment is possible with traffic in the tunnel;
- ventilatori su smješteni izvan tunela u strojarnici uz transformatorske stanice; - the fans are located outside the tunnel in the engine room next to the transformer stations;
- štete na opremi u tunelu nastaju samo u području izbijanja požara; i - damage to the equipment in the tunnel occurs only in the area where the fire broke out; and
- štete na opremi za ventilaciju nakon gašenja požara su samo na žaluzijama (pogon žaluzija) najbližim mjestu požara. - damage to the ventilation equipment after extinguishing the fire is only on the blinds (blind drive) closest to the fire.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR990415A HRP990415A2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 1999-12-30 | Process of ventilation of road tunnels |
| EP00127346A EP1112759A1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2000-12-13 | Process for the ventilation of road tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR990415A HRP990415A2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 1999-12-30 | Process of ventilation of road tunnels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP990415A2 true HRP990415A2 (en) | 2001-08-31 |
Family
ID=10947013
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HR990415A HRP990415A2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 1999-12-30 | Process of ventilation of road tunnels |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1112759A1 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP990415A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATE393300T1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2008-05-15 | Vid Aps | SYSTEM FOR SMOKE GAS EXTRACTION IN TUNNELS |
| WO2012013992A1 (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Pavetic Josip | Method and system for tunnel ventilation in normal conditions and in conditions of fire |
| CN102526912B (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2015-01-14 | 上海市电力公司 | Fire preventing and controlling method for underground transformer substation |
| CN102425431B (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2014-01-15 | 新汶矿业集团有限责任公司 | Ultra-close coal layer mining roadway distributing method |
| CN104265348B (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Design method for optimizing natural smoke exhausting effect of vertical shaft in tunnel fire |
| CN106677823A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-05-17 | 合肥工业大学 | Device for inhibiting natural smoke exhausting vertical well plugholing effect in city road tunnel fire |
| CN106981323A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-25 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Grotto low and intermediate level radioac disposal site accident emergency radioactivity non-proliferation system |
| CN109083671B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-10-25 | 湖南科技大学 | Fresh-air volume reduction coefficient calculation method after the purification of tunnel closed cycle ventilation |
| CN108999628B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-10-25 | 湖南科技大学 | The critical effective wind rate determination method of the deduster of the vcehicular tunnel closed system of ventilation |
| CN109057851B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-09-10 | 湖南科技大学 | The critical effective wind rate determination method of the deduster of vcehicular tunnel open-circuit ventilation system |
| CN109209461B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-10-18 | 同济大学 | Single channel and perpendicular inclined shaft modular ventilation system in a kind of major long tunnel |
| CN110694198B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2022-09-09 | 济南全程无忧知识产权运营有限公司 | Tunnel fire extinguishing system |
| CN111462606B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2022-04-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Traffic tunnel group smoke cross flow research and emergency rescue system |
| CN111794796A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-20 | 中电建路桥集团有限公司 | Permanent and temporary combined roadway type ventilation method |
| CN112050213B (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-02-01 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | Burner with a burner head |
| CN112796826B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-07-21 | 长安大学 | Tunnel escape pipe without fan blades and capable of ventilating and design method |
| CN113058180B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Staged fire extinguishing and rescuing system and method for high-altitude tunnel |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1643868A (en) * | 1927-09-27 | Ford v | ||
| CH433424A (en) * | 1964-06-09 | 1967-04-15 | Shb Installations Projekt Ag | Ventilation device in road tunnel |
| CH471287A (en) * | 1968-08-14 | 1969-04-15 | Beton Ag | Suspended ceiling and partition wall construction for tunnel ventilation |
-
1999
- 1999-12-30 HR HR990415A patent/HRP990415A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
- 2000-12-13 EP EP00127346A patent/EP1112759A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1112759A1 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
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