CN215450643U - Experimental device for simulation atrium conflagration shelter personnel evacuation environment - Google Patents
Experimental device for simulation atrium conflagration shelter personnel evacuation environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN215450643U CN215450643U CN202122323157.6U CN202122323157U CN215450643U CN 215450643 U CN215450643 U CN 215450643U CN 202122323157 U CN202122323157 U CN 202122323157U CN 215450643 U CN215450643 U CN 215450643U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an experimental apparatus for simulation atrium conflagration corridor personnel evacuation environment, include: a ventilation system, an atrium body and a combustion apparatus; the ventilation system comprises a ground air supply unit, a smoke exhaust unit and a wall surface air supply unit; the atrium main body is a multi-storey building with a symmetrical spatial layout, and the multi-storey building comprises a ground surface, a wall surface, a corridor and a ceiling; the ceiling is provided with a smoke exhaust unit, the ground is provided with a combustion device and a grid air supply outlet, and the grid air supply outlet is connected with the ground air supply unit; the wall of the wall surface facing the corridor is provided with a second air supply outlet, each layer of corridor is provided with an upward first air supply outlet, one side surface in the wall surface is provided with an air supply outlet, and the air supply outlets are connected with the wall surface air supply unit; to the electronic blast gate switching condition of different supply-air outlets and air supply direction, can study the influence of the different air supply modes of single vestibule and the different air supply modes of multilayer vestibule to personnel evacuation environment, simulate the distribution of temperature on the vestibule more really, the flue gas spreads and the ventilation condition.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the conflagration rescue simulation experiment, concretely relates to simulation atrium conflagration shelter personnel evacuation environment's experimental apparatus.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Because the atrium buildings have excellent natural conditions such as lighting and ventilation, the atrium buildings develop rapidly in recent years, and meanwhile, the complicated internal structure of the atrium also brings certain challenges to the fire prevention and smoke discharge of the atrium, such as school teaching buildings, office buildings, shopping places, large hotels and the like. Most of atrium buildings are comprehensive buildings integrating multiple functions, beautiful combustibles mainly made of polyurethane are used for decoration, and then power supply equipment inside the buildings is many, electric wires are complicated, people flow is large, management is not easy, and the probability of fire hazard is very high. Once a fire disaster occurs in the atrium, the generated smoke can quickly spread in the atrium structure, even influences floors, and seriously influences and threatens the overall safety of the masses and buildings. So far, a lot of researchers have conducted a lot of researches on the flow and control of the smoke of the atrium, and many researches analyze and research the smoke state in the atrium building from the smoke spreading speed, the smoke concentration, the temperature, the CO concentration, the visibility and the smoke layer height respectively, and adopt a correct ventilation mode for the atrium building with the fire so as to ensure the safety of the evacuation environment of people.
At present, many researches are directed at the distribution rule of fire smoke spreading rule, visibility, temperature and CO concentration in a large-space atrium building, most of the researches pay attention to the influence of atrium size and whole space size on fire, and excessive researches are not carried out on the evacuation environment of personnel on a vestibule with an air supply system in the atrium building. Most studies are only directed to the spread of smoke throughout the atrium interior space, and no specific study has been made on the spread of smoke above the atrium vestibule with an air supply system that maintains a positive pressure space. At present, most of physical models of atrium buildings are related to model size and space complexity, and real personnel evacuation space on an atrium internal corridor is not represented. Aiming at different fire conditions and different ventilation conditions, the safety of the evacuation environment of people cannot be accurately simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an atrium experimental device for studying evacuation environment of people on a vestibule, which has an air supply system for maintaining temporary positive pressure space of the vestibule, and can independently adjust the direction and air volume of each air inlet, thereby more truly analyzing the evacuation environment of people compared with the previous researches. The utility model solves the problem that effective and different ventilation schemes are adopted for fire smoke flowing at different fire source powers and fire source positions in the atrium to ensure safe evacuation of personnel.
In a first aspect, the utility model provides an experimental apparatus for simulation atrium fire hazard corridor personnel evacuation environment, include: a ventilation system, an atrium body and a combustion apparatus;
the ventilation system comprises a ground air supply unit, a smoke exhaust unit and a wall surface air supply unit;
the atrium main body is a multi-storey building with a symmetrical spatial layout, and the multi-storey building comprises a ground surface, a wall surface, a corridor and a ceiling; the ceiling is positioned at the top of the multi-storey building, the ground is positioned at the bottom surface of the multi-storey building, the wall surface is positioned on the side surface of the multi-storey building, and the corridor is positioned on one side of the wall surface; the plurality of galleries divide the wall surface into a plurality of layers;
the ceiling is provided with a smoke exhaust unit, and the ground is provided with a combustion device; the middle part of every layer of wall is equipped with a plurality of and moves towards the inside second supply-air outlet in space, and every layer of vestibule inboard is hugged closely wall department and is equipped with ascending first supply-air outlet, and first supply-air outlet is connected with ground air supply unit, and the second supply-air outlet is connected with wall air supply unit. The first air supply outlet is a ground grille air supply outlet; the second air supply outlet is an electric shutter air supply outlet; wherein, the inner side of the ground is also provided with an upward first air supply outlet close to the wall surface.
As an embodiment, the experimental device further comprises a temperature measuring system, wherein the temperature measuring system comprises a plurality of groups of thermocouple beams, and the thermocouple beams are positioned in the inner space of the atrium main body; each thermocouple bundle is connected with a temperature data acquisition instrument, and the temperature data acquisition instrument is connected with a computer. The experimental device also comprises a wind speed measuring system, wherein the wind speed measuring system comprises a plurality of wind speed sensors, and the wind speed sensors are all connected with the computer; each wind speed sensor is respectively arranged at a set height above each layer of the corridor. The experimental device further comprises a smoke measuring system, the smoke measuring system comprises a plurality of smoke sensors, and the smoke sensors are all connected with the computer. And each flue gas sensor is respectively arranged at a set height above each layer of the corridor. The flue gas measurement system also comprises a film light source and a movable camera, when the flow of flue gas on a certain floor is specifically researched, the film light source can be placed on the corridor on the corresponding floor on the other side, and the movable camera is arranged at a set distance of the front glass wall of the atrium body.
The further technical scheme is that the smoke exhaust unit comprises a smoke exhaust fan and a power supply, and the smoke exhaust fan is installed on a ceiling. The ground air supply unit comprises a grille air supply outlet, a first static pressure box, a first air supply pipe, a first axial flow fan, a first electric air valve and a first flowmeter; the first axial flow fan is connected with an air inlet of a first air supply pipe, a first electric air valve and a first flowmeter are sequentially installed on the first air supply pipe, an air outlet of the first air supply pipe is connected with a first static pressure box, the joint of the first air supply pipe and the first static pressure box is sealed by a flame-retardant sealing rubber strip, the tail end of the first static pressure box is connected with a grille air supply outlet, and the grille air supply outlet is installed on the ground. The wall air supply unit comprises an electric shutter air supply outlet, an electric split multi-blade air volume adjusting valve, a second static pressure box, a second air supply pipe, a second axial flow fan, a second electric air valve and a second flowmeter; the tail end of a second static pressure box of the air supply system is connected with an electric shutter air supply outlet through an electric split multi-blade air volume adjusting valve.
As a specific implementation manner, the combustion device comprises an electronic balance, a fuel tray, a metal support frame, a tobacco cake tray and an electronic ignition rod, wherein the electronic balance is provided with the fuel tray, the fuel tray is used for containing fuel, and the electronic ignition rod is arranged on the outer side of the fuel tray; the metal support frame is arranged beside the electronic balance, and the tobacco cake tray is arranged on the metal support frame.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the experimental device for the evacuation environment of the personnel in the atrium fire corridor has the corridor structure, can simulate the real structure in the atrium, and is mainly used for large shopping malls. This device has adopted the air supply system that can maintain interim malleation space in corridor department, the amount of wind can all be adjusted according to the experimental conditions to all supply-air outlets, especially, the adjustable air supply direction of supply-air outlet on the wall, when the fire breaks out in the atrium inside, in order to stop the flue gas and spread in the corridor top, harm personnel's safety, need start the air supply system that can maintain interim malleation space, open and be connected electronic blast valve and axial fan on the blast pipe with the external world, outdoor clean air passes through the blast pipe, the plenum box arrives the supply-air outlet, adjust wind direction and amount of wind through the wall supply-air outlet, with the air interact through the ground supply-air outlet, create the space that is full of clean air that can safe evacuation for personnel on the corridor, can realize diversified air supply mode, for example, ground supply-air outlet opening degree, wall supply-air outlet opening degree and wall supply-air outlet air supply direction. To the electronic blast gate switching condition of different supply-air outlets and air supply direction, can study the influence of the different air supply modes of single vestibule and the different air supply modes of multilayer vestibule to personnel evacuation environment, simulate the distribution of temperature on the vestibule more really, the flue gas spreads and the ventilation condition, can summarize courtyard fire hazard vestibule personnel's on safe evacuation scheme.
2. The smoke measuring system has better observation effect aiming at the longitudinal spread of smoke on the corridor and the height of a smoke layer.
3. The combustion device disclosed by the utility model adopts the slide rail to simulate experiments of different fire positions. And (3) simulating fire experiments of different fire source powers by using fuel trays of different sizes. This burner adopts remote control ignition, avoids personnel to get into the danger of the inside ignition of main part and destroys the device leakproofness. In addition, the methanol combustion in the fuel industry causes no pollution to the environment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a floor air supply unit and a wall air supply unit of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the combustion structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the thermocouple bundle layout of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the wind speed sensor and smoke sensor arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the ceiling structure of the experimental apparatus of the present invention;
wherein, 1, the ground; 2. a wall surface; 3. a corridor; 4. a ceiling; 5. a ground air supply unit; 6. a wall surface air supply unit; 7. a combustion device; 8. a glass door; 41. a smoke exhaust unit; 411. a variable frequency smoke exhaust fan; 51. a first axial fan; 52. a first blast pipe; 53. a first electric air valve; 54. a first flow meter; 55. a first plenum box; 56. a grille air supply outlet; 61. a second axial fan; 62. a second blast pipe; 63. a second electric air valve; 64. a second flow meter; 65. a second plenum box; 66. an electric louver air supply outlet; 67. an electric split multi-blade air volume adjusting valve; 71. an electronic balance; 72. an electronic ignition bar; 73. a fuel tray; 74. a tobacco cake tray; 75. a metal support frame; 81. a sheet light source; 82. a thermocouple bundle; 83. wind speed sensor and flue gas sensor and their positions.
Detailed Description
The following describes the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental device for simulating evacuation environment of personnel in atrium fire corridor comprises: a ventilation system, an atrium body and a combustion apparatus;
the ventilation system comprises a ground air supply unit, a smoke exhaust unit and a wall surface air supply unit;
the atrium main body is a multi-storey building with a symmetrical spatial layout, and the multi-storey building comprises a ground 1, a wall surface 2, a corridor 3 and a ceiling 4; the ceiling 4 is positioned at the top of the multi-storey building, the ground 1 is positioned at the bottom of the multi-storey building, the wall surfaces 2 are positioned at the front, rear, left and right side surfaces of the multi-storey building, and the corridor 3 is positioned at one side of the wall surfaces 2; the plurality of galleries 3 divide the wall surface 2 into a plurality of layers; the front wall of the atrium main body is also provided with a glass door 8;
the ceiling 4 is provided with a smoke exhaust unit 41, and the combustion device 7 is installed on the ground; the middle part of every layer of wall 2 is equipped with the second supply-air outlet of a plurality of orientation space inside, and every layer of 3 inboard hugs closely 2 departments of wall of vestibule and is equipped with ascending first supply-air outlet, and first supply-air outlet is connected with ground air supply unit, and the second supply-air outlet is connected with wall air supply unit. The first air supply outlet is a ground grille air supply outlet; the second air supply outlet is an electric shutter air supply outlet; wherein, the inner side of the ground 1 is also provided with an upward first air supply outlet close to the wall surface.
As an implementation mode, the experimental device further comprises a temperature measuring system, wherein the temperature measuring system comprises a plurality of groups of thermocouple beams, each thermocouple beam is connected with a temperature data acquisition instrument, and the temperature data acquisition instrument is connected with a computer; the multiple groups of thermocouple beams are positioned in the inner space of the atrium main body. Specifically, the multiple groups of thermocouple beams are respectively located at a longitudinal position and a transverse position, the longitudinal position comprises the middle of the gallery, the position clinging to the outer side of the gallery and the middle of the atrium body, and the transverse position is the middle of the second air supply outlet. Each group of thermocouple bundles is specifically positioned at the intersection of a longitudinal position and a transverse position. In addition, a group of vertical thermocouple bundles is arranged at the right center of the ceiling. The top thermocouples on the thermocouple bundle are 0.2m away from the ceiling, the spacing between the thermocouples is 0.2m, and the bottom thermocouples are 0.2m away from the ground. In order to place the thermocouple bundle on the gallery, holes are needed to be punched at the corresponding positions of the non-asbestos fiber reinforced calcium silicate plate.
As an embodiment, the experimental facility further comprises a wind speed measuring system, wherein the wind speed measuring system comprises a plurality of wind speed sensors, and the wind speed sensors are all connected with the computer; and each wind speed sensor is respectively arranged above each floor of the corridor to simulate the height of personnel. The wind speed sensors are connected with a computer, and wind speed data of all positions are recorded through a real-time wind speed detection system in the computer.
As an implementation mode, the experimental device further comprises a smoke measuring system, wherein the smoke measuring system comprises a plurality of smoke sensors, and the smoke sensors are all connected with a computer. Each smoke sensor is respectively placed above each layer of the corridor to simulate the height of personnel; the flue gas measurement system also comprises a light source and a movable camera, wherein the light source can be placed on a vestibule or the ground of a corresponding floor according to a certain floor of a specific experimental study, and the movable camera is arranged at a set distance of a front glass wall of the atrium main body. The smoke sensors are connected with a computer, and the smoke concentration data of all positions are recorded through a real-time smoke detection system in the computer. The film light source is positioned on the corridor on the same floor opposite to the corridor researched by the experiment institute, and two cameras with different heights are placed in front of the atrium body and in the short distance from the glass wall.
As an embodiment, the ventilation system comprises a ground air supply unit, a smoke exhaust unit and a wall surface air supply unit, wherein the smoke exhaust unit comprises a smoke exhaust fan and a power supply, and the smoke exhaust fan is installed on a ceiling; the ground air supply unit comprises a grille air supply outlet, a first static pressure box, a first air supply pipe, a first axial flow fan, a first electric air valve and a first flowmeter; the first axial flow fan is connected with an air inlet of a first air supply pipe, a first electric air valve and a first flowmeter are sequentially installed on the first air supply pipe, an air outlet of the first air supply pipe is connected with a first static pressure box, the joint of the first air supply pipe and the first static pressure box is sealed by a flame-retardant sealing rubber strip, the tail end of the first static pressure box is connected with a grille air supply outlet, the grille air supply outlet is installed on the ground and a gallery, and the grille air supply outlet is a first air supply outlet; the ground is the ground in the wall surface or the ground outside the wall surface area of the middle body main body. The wall air supply unit comprises an electric shutter air supply outlet, an electric split multi-blade air volume adjusting valve, a second static pressure box, a second air supply pipe, a second axial flow fan, a second electric air valve and a second flowmeter; the tail end of a second static pressure box of the air supply system is connected with an electric shutter air supply outlet through an electric split multi-blade air volume adjusting valve, and the electric shutter air supply outlet is a second air supply outlet. The variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan, the first axial flow fan, the second axial flow fan, the electric air valve, the electric shutter air supply outlet and the electric split multi-blade air volume regulating valve are all connected with a computer.
As an embodiment, the atrium body of the experimental device is a relatively classic "thin and high" large space multi-story building, and the internal layout of the atrium space is bilaterally symmetrical. Four variable-frequency smoke exhaust fans are arranged on the space ceiling; five layers of galleries are respectively arranged on two sides of the gallery, a row of upward air supply outlets are arranged on the inner side of the gallery and close to the wall, six air supply outlets facing the inside of the space are arranged in the middle of the wall of each layer, and a combustion device is arranged on the ground. The whole steel sheet welding that forms of zhongting main part, constitute by steel sheet frame and fire prevention glass around the zhongting main part, there is fire prevention expansion adhesive tape at steel sheet and fire prevention glass junction to open a fire prevention glass door on the preceding fire prevention glass of main part, the door frame is around the fire-retardant joint strip of round. The ground is used as a corridor on one layer, and asbestos-free fiber reinforced calcium silicate plates are used as corridors on the second to fourth layers and are supported by steel frames on the wall.
As an embodiment, a ceiling of a ventilation system of the experimental device is provided with four variable-frequency smoke exhaust fans for concentrated smoke exhaust;
as an embodiment, the combustion device comprises an electronic balance, a fuel tray, a metal support frame, a tobacco cake tray and an electronic ignition rod, wherein the electronic balance is provided with the fuel tray, the fuel tray is used for containing fuel, and the electronic ignition rod is arranged on the outer side of the fuel tray; as a specific embodiment, the combustion device of the experimental device comprises an electronic balance, a tobacco cake tray, fuel trays with different sizes, a metal support frame, an electronic ignition rod, a tobacco cake and fuel; the fuel adopts industrial methanol; the electronic balance of the device is connected with a computer, the fuel mass is recorded in real time, and the fuel mass data is stored through the computer. Put the fuel tray on the electronic balance for place the fuel, metal brace puts aside in electronic balance, places on the metal brace frame in the cigarette cake tray, and different size fuel trays are used for depositing different quality industrial methyl alcohol fuel, and outside experimental apparatus was arranged in to fuel tray outside fixed point flame rod, the flame rod switch, and the fire-proof material parcel is used to the circuit.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not limited to the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for simulating evacuation environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor is characterized by comprising: a ventilation system, an atrium body and a combustion apparatus;
the ventilation system comprises a ground air supply unit, a smoke exhaust unit and a wall surface air supply unit;
the atrium main body is a multi-storey building with a symmetrical spatial layout, and the multi-storey building comprises a ground surface, a wall surface, a corridor and a ceiling; the ceiling is positioned at the top of the multi-storey building, the ground is positioned at the bottom surface of the multi-storey building, the wall surface is positioned on the side surface of the multi-storey building, and the corridor is positioned on one side of the wall surface; the plurality of galleries divide the wall surface into a plurality of layers;
the ceiling is provided with a smoke exhaust unit, and the ground is provided with a combustion device; the middle part of every layer of wall is equipped with a plurality of and moves towards the inside second supply-air outlet in space, and every layer of vestibule inboard is hugged closely wall department and is equipped with ascending first supply-air outlet, and first supply-air outlet is connected with ground air supply unit, and the second supply-air outlet is connected with wall air supply unit.
2. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuating environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental facility further comprises a temperature measuring system, the temperature measuring system comprises a plurality of groups of thermocouple bundles, and the plurality of groups of thermocouple bundles are positioned in the inner space of the atrium main body; each thermocouple bundle is connected with a temperature data acquisition instrument, and the temperature data acquisition instrument is connected with a computer.
3. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental facility further comprises a wind speed measuring system, the wind speed measuring system comprises a plurality of wind speed sensors, and the wind speed sensors are all connected with the computer; each wind speed sensor is respectively arranged at a set height above each layer of the corridor.
4. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the experimental facility further comprises a smoke measuring system, the smoke measuring system comprises a plurality of smoke sensors, and the plurality of smoke sensors are all connected with the computer; and each flue gas sensor is respectively arranged at the position of 1.5 meters above each layer of the corridor.
5. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of people in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the smoke measuring system further comprises a light sheet and a movable camera, the light sheet is placed on the corridor corresponding to the floor, and the movable camera is installed at a set distance from the front glass wall of the atrium body.
6. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smoke exhaust unit comprises a smoke exhaust fan and a power supply, and the smoke exhaust fan is installed on a ceiling.
7. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of people in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ground air supply unit comprises a grille air supply outlet, a first static pressure box, a first air supply pipe, a first axial flow fan, a first electric air valve and a first flow meter; the first axial flow fan is connected with an air inlet of a first air supply pipe, a first electric air valve and a first flowmeter are sequentially installed on the first air supply pipe, an air outlet of the first air supply pipe is connected with a first static pressure box, the joint of the first air supply pipe and the first static pressure box is sealed by a flame-retardant sealing rubber strip, the tail end of the first static pressure box is connected with a grille air supply outlet, and the grille air supply outlet is installed on the ground and a gallery; the first air supply outlet is a grille air supply outlet.
8. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of people in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall air supply unit comprises an electric louver air supply outlet, an electric split multi-vane air volume adjusting valve and a second static pressure box; the tail end of the second static pressure box is connected with the electric shutter air supply outlet through an electric split multi-blade air volume regulating valve; the second air supply outlet is an electric shutter air supply outlet.
9. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion device comprises an electronic balance, a fuel tray, a metal support frame, a cigarette cake tray and an electronic ignition rod, the electronic balance is provided with the fuel tray, the fuel tray is used for containing fuel, and the electronic ignition rod is arranged on the outer side of the fuel tray.
10. The experimental facility for simulating an evacuation environment of personnel in an atrium fire corridor as claimed in claim 9, wherein the metal support frame is arranged beside the electronic balance, and the tobacco cake tray is placed on the metal support frame.
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| CN202122323157.6U CN215450643U (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Experimental device for simulation atrium conflagration shelter personnel evacuation environment |
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| CN202122323157.6U CN215450643U (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Experimental device for simulation atrium conflagration shelter personnel evacuation environment |
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