HRP980129A2 - Apparatus for closing manholes of square or rectangular form including a bearing frame and a closing element - Google Patents
Apparatus for closing manholes of square or rectangular form including a bearing frame and a closing elementInfo
- Publication number
- HRP980129A2 HRP980129A2 HR9703048A HRP980129A HRP980129A2 HR P980129 A2 HRP980129 A2 HR P980129A2 HR 9703048 A HR9703048 A HR 9703048A HR P980129 A HRP980129 A HR P980129A HR P980129 A2 HRP980129 A2 HR P980129A2
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- vertical
- support
- drainage openings
- support surfaces
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
- E03F5/06—Gully gratings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/12—Manhole shafts; Other inspection or access chambers; Accessories therefor
- E02D29/14—Covers for manholes or the like; Frames for covers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Description
Opisani se izum odnosi na uređaj za zatvaranje odvodnih otvora koji sadrži dva glavna dijela, i koji u horizontalnoj projekciji ima oblik kvadrata ili pravokutnika, a obuhvaća nepokretni okvir uzidan u tlo i pokrivni element, naročito poklopac ili rešetku, oslonjen na taj okvir koji, kada je u ugrađenom stanju, ima dvije horizontalne oslone površine, postavljene u dva susjedna kuta i dvije zakošene oslone površine postavljene u druga dva kuta okvira, pri čemu su te četiri oslone površine prilagođene da djeluju zajedno sa komplementarnim oslonim površinama načinjenim na donjoj površini pokrivnog elementa. The described invention relates to a device for closing drainage openings which contains two main parts, and which in the horizontal projection has the shape of a square or rectangle, and includes an immovable frame built into the ground and a covering element, especially a lid or grid, resting on that frame which, when is in the installed state, it has two horizontal support surfaces, placed in two adjacent corners and two beveled support surfaces placed in the other two corners of the frame, whereby these four support surfaces are adapted to work together with complementary support surfaces made on the lower surface of the covering element.
Izum se koristi naročito kod uređaja za zatvaranje pristupnih otvora ili otvora za pregled mreže podzemnih voda, kao što su otvori na kolniku ili otvori na pločniku ili kod preljevnih uređaja na otvorima gradske kanalizacije, kao što su rešetke za pokrivanje otvora gradske kanalizacije. The invention is used especially with devices for closing access openings or openings for inspection of the underground water network, such as openings on the roadway or openings on the pavement or with overflow devices on the openings of city sewers, such as grids for covering the openings of city sewers.
Jedan uređaj za zatvaranje odvodnih otvora ove vrste poznat je iz patenta DE-1104447, i kod njega su dvije oslone kose površine nagnute prema dolje i jedna prema drugoj. Kod ove konfiguracije poklopac nije u stabilnoj ravnoteži na svom nosećem okviru zato što je opterećen vlastitom masom ili nekim vertikalnim opterećenjem koje djeluje unutar trokuta ravnoteže koji približno određuju dva kuta u kojima se nalaze horizontalni oslonci i srednji dio suprotne strane. One device for closing drainage openings of this type is known from the patent DE-1104447, and it has two support inclined surfaces inclined downwards and towards each other. In this configuration, the cover is not in stable equilibrium on its supporting frame because it is loaded by its own weight or some vertical load acting within the triangle of equilibrium approximately defined by the two angles in which the horizontal supports and the middle part of the opposite side are located.
Kada, međutim, djeluje opterećenje izvan tog trokuta ravnoteže, naročito kada prelazi neki pješak, biciklist ili drugo, poklopac se spušta na nivo kosog oslonca koji je najudaljeniji od napadne točke opterećenja. Kad izgubi dodir sa okvirom u toj točki, poklopac se više ne oslanja na okvir već na dva horizontalna oslonca i na drugi kosi oslonac. When, however, there is a load acting outside this balance triangle, especially when a pedestrian, cyclist or other crosses, the cover is lowered to the level of the inclined support which is farthest from the point of attack of the load. When it loses contact with the frame at that point, the lid no longer rests on the frame, but on two horizontal supports and another oblique support.
To dovodi do poremećaja ravnoteže poklopca što izaziva njegovo pomicanje, a poklopac udara u okvir prilikom prijelaza pješaka ili vozila i generira neželjenu buku. This leads to a disturbance in the balance of the cover, which causes it to move, and the cover hits the frame when pedestrians or vehicles cross and generates unwanted noise.
Opisani izum ima za cilj da se otklone ovi nedostaci i da se poklopac načini tako da se, bez obzira na napadnu točku opterećenja na njemu, uvijek oslanja na četiri oslone površine na okviru, i to tako da spriječi svako pomicanje. The purpose of the described invention is to eliminate these defects and to make the cover so that, regardless of the point of attack of the load on it, it always rests on four support surfaces on the frame, and in such a way as to prevent any movement.
U tom cilju izum se odnosi na uređaj za zatvaranje odvodnih otvora opisane vrste kod koga su kose oslone površine nagnute prema dolje u pravcu horizontalnih oslonih površina, i kod koga je okvir opremljen, nasuprot kosih oslonih površina, elementima za oslanjanje koji, kada je poklopac izložen djelovanju vertikalne sile u ma kojoj točki, djeluju zajedno sa komplementarnim elementima za oslanjanje na poklopcu, tako da sprečavaju njegovo zakretanje oko spomenutih oslonih elemenata na okviru, i on zadržava stabilan položaj ravnoteže u kome se oslanja sa svoje četiri oslone površine na odgovarajuće četiri oslone površine okvira. To this end, the invention relates to a device for closing drainage openings of the type described, in which the inclined supporting surfaces are inclined downwards in the direction of the horizontal supporting surfaces, and in which the frame is equipped, opposite the inclined supporting surfaces, with supporting elements which, when the cover is exposed to the action of a vertical force at any point, they act together with the complementary elements for resting on the cover, so that they prevent it from rotating around the mentioned supporting elements on the frame, and it maintains a stable equilibrium position in which it rests from its four supporting surfaces on the corresponding four supporting surfaces frame.
Uređaj za zatvaranje odvodnih otvora ima sljedeća svojstva: The device for closing drain openings has the following properties:
- kose oslone površine okvira i sudjelujuće kose oslone površine poklopca imaju isti nagib, koji iznosi između 20 ° i 60 ° u odnosu na horizontalu; - the oblique support surfaces of the frame and the participating oblique support surfaces of the cover have the same inclination, which is between 20 ° and 60 ° in relation to the horizontal;
- na nivou svakog od glavnih dijelova, elementi za oslanjanje su postavljeni na sredini između horizontalnih oslonih površina, pri čemu ti elementi obuhvaćaju jedan, u biti vertikalni, ispust na jednom od tih dijelova, a koji je prilagođen da se poveže, bar djelomično, sa jednim, u biti vertikalnim, žlijebom načinjenim na oslonom ispupčenju na drugom dijelu; - at the level of each of the main parts, support elements are placed in the middle between the horizontal support surfaces, wherein these elements comprise a single, essentially vertical, outlet on one of these parts, which is adapted to connect, at least partially, with with one, essentially vertical, groove made on the supporting protrusion on the other part;
- ispust ima oblik trokutaste vertikalne prizme koja ima brid koji se povezuje sa urezom oblika trokutaste prizme definiranim žlijebom u odgovarajućem oslonom ispupčenju; - the outlet has the shape of a triangular vertical prism, which has an edge that connects to a notch of the shape of a triangular prism defined by a groove in the corresponding supporting protrusion;
- ispust ima konveksni profil za suradnju sa konkavnim profilom pripadajućeg žlijeba; - the outlet has a convex profile to cooperate with the concave profile of the associated gutter;
- ispust oblika trokutaste vertikalne prizme ima brid namijenjenu za povezivanje sa konkavnim profilom pripadajućeg žlijeba; - the outlet in the form of a triangular vertical prism has an edge intended for connection with the concave profile of the associated gutter;
- žlijeb formira urez oblika trokutaste vertikalne prizme prilagođene za povezivanje sa konveksnim profilom pripadajućeg ispusta; - the groove forms a notch in the shape of a triangular vertical prism adapted to connect with the convex profile of the associated outlet;
- osloni elementi izrađeni zajedno sa okvirom obuhvaćaju dvije vertikalne površine koje su nagnute prema dolje u odnosu na vertikalu, koje su postavljene simetrično u odnosu na vertikalnu središnju ravninu bočne površine okvira uz dvije horizontalne oslone površine, i koje se pružaju ukoso u odnosu na tu bočnu površinu, pri čemu su te površine predviđene da djeluju zajedno sa dvjema komplementarnim površinama načinjenim zajedno sa poklopcem; - the support elements made together with the frame include two vertical surfaces that are inclined downwards in relation to the vertical, which are placed symmetrically in relation to the vertical central plane of the side surface of the frame along with two horizontal support surfaces, and which extend diagonally in relation to that side surface, where these surfaces are intended to act together with two complementary surfaces made together with the cover;
- svaka od tih kosih površina zatvara sa spomenutom bočnom površinom kut između 20 ° i 60 °; - each of these inclined surfaces forms an angle between 20 ° and 60 ° with the mentioned side surface;
- dvije horizontalne oslone površine na okviru su trokutaste i imaju svaka jednu koso postavljenu stranu prema unutrašnjosti okvira koja ina vertikalnu vanjsku površinu, ili nagnutu prema dolje u odnosu na vertikalnu ravninu, koja ograničava dvije kose površine koje sačinjavaju elemente za oslanjanje na nivou okvira. - the two horizontal support surfaces on the frame are triangular and each have one slanted side towards the inside of the frame that forms a vertical outer surface, or inclined downwards in relation to the vertical plane, which limits the two slanted surfaces that make up the support elements at the frame level.
Izum se odnosi i na noseći okvir i pokrivni element, posebno rešetku ili poklopac, za uređaj za pokrivanje odvodnih otvora kako je naprijed definirano. The invention also relates to a supporting frame and a covering element, in particular a grid or cover, for a device for covering drainage openings as defined above.
Izum će se bolje shvatiti iz sljedećeg opisa, danog samo kao primjer, sa pozivom na priložene crteže, pri čemu: The invention will be better understood from the following description, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- slika 1 shematski prikazuje izgled u perspektivi, prije sklapanja, dva osnovna dijela uređaja za pokrivanje odvodnih otvora prema izumu; - figure 1 schematically shows the appearance in perspective, before assembly, of the two basic parts of the device for covering drainage openings according to the invention;
- slika 2 je shematski prikaz, analogan slici 1, uređaja za pokrivanje odvodnih otvora prema drugoj izvedbi izuma. - figure 2 is a schematic representation, analogous to figure 1, of a device for covering drainage openings according to another embodiment of the invention.
Uređaj za pokrivanje odvodnih otvora, prikazan shematski na slici 1, predstavlja poklopac otvora u pločniku, ugrađen na pločniku (nije prikazan), ili na nekoj sličnoj površini kao što je, na primjer, površina parkirališta, koji omogućuje pregled podzemne vodovodne mreže, a osigurava zatvaranje. The device for covering drainage holes, shown schematically in Figure 1, is a cover of the opening in the pavement, installed on the pavement (not shown), or on some similar surface such as, for example, the surface of the parking lot, which allows inspection of the underground water network, and ensures closure.
Sastoji se od dva osnovna dijela od kovanog lijevanog željeza, i ima nepokretni noseći okvir 1 i pokretan poklopac 2 koji predstavlja element za pokrivanje okvira. It consists of two basic parts made of forged cast iron, and has a stationary supporting frame 1 and a movable cover 2, which is an element for covering the frame.
Radi lakšeg razumijevanja izuma, ova dva dijela, 1, 2, prikazana su rastavljeno, u položaju u kome je poklopac 2 pripremljen za postavljanje na noseći okvir 1. For easier understanding of the invention, these two parts, 1, 2, are shown disassembled, in the position in which the cover 2 is prepared to be placed on the supporting frame 1.
Okvir 1 ima u horizontalnoj projekciji četvrtasti ili pravokutni oblik i ima vertikalni vanjski zid 3 izveden po obodu sa jednim bridom (nije prikazan) za ugrađivanje u tlo ili na neku noseću podlogu kao što je, na primjer, beton. The frame 1 has a square or rectangular shape in the horizontal projection and has a vertical outer wall 3 made along the perimeter with one edge (not shown) for embedding in the ground or on some supporting base such as, for example, concrete.
Dva susjedna kuta 4A, 4B okvira 1 imaju po jedan ispust za oslanjanje, 5A, 5B, sa gornjim površinama paralelnim ravnini okvira, koje predstavljaju horizontalne noseće površine 6A, 6B. One su u istoj ravnini i postavljene su približno na polovini visine vanjskog zida 3. The two adjacent corners 4A, 4B of the frame 1 each have one outlet for support, 5A, 5B, with upper surfaces parallel to the plane of the frame, which represent horizontal bearing surfaces 6A, 6B. They are in the same plane and are placed approximately halfway up the height of the outer wall 3.
Druga dva kuta, 4C, 4D, okvira imaju po jedan ispust za oslanjanje, 5C, 5D, nagnute gornje površine, koje počinju blizu gornjeg brida vanjskog zida 3, i pružaju se prema dolje i prema horizontalni oslonim ispustima 5A, 5B, postavljenim nasuprot, i koje formiraju dvije kose oslone površine 6C, 6D, koje leže u istoj ravnini i sa horizontalom zatvaraju kut � koji je približno između 20 ° i 60 °. The other two corners, 4C, 4D, of the frame each have a support outlet, 5C, 5D, inclined upper surfaces, which start near the upper edge of the outer wall 3, and extend downwards towards the horizontal support outlets 5A, 5B, placed opposite, and which form two inclined support surfaces 6C, 6D, which lie in the same plane and close an angle with the horizontal that is approximately between 20 ° and 60 °.
Na sredini između dva ispusta sa horizontalnim oslonim površinama 6A, 6B, bočna strana 7 okvira, koja je uz spomenute oslone ispuste 5A, 5B, ima oslonačko ispupčenje 8, načinjeno zajedno sa vanjskim zidom 3, u kome je načinjen, u biti vertikalni, žlijeb 9. Žlijeb 9 ima oblik slova V otvorenog prema unutrašnjosti okvira, koji predstavlja urez u vidu trokutaste vertikalne prizme. In the middle between the two outlets with horizontal supporting surfaces 6A, 6B, the side 7 of the frame, which is next to the aforementioned supports of the outlets 5A, 5B, has a support protrusion 8, made together with the outer wall 3, in which an essentially vertical groove is made 9. The groove 9 has the shape of the letter V open towards the inside of the frame, which represents a notch in the form of a triangular vertical prism.
Uloga ižlijebljenog oslonačkog ispupčenja 8 biti će objašnjena u nastavku. The role of the grooved support protrusion 8 will be explained below.
Poklopac 2 ima, u biti, jednu ravnu ploču 10, uglavnom četvrtastog ili pravokutnog oblika, dimenzija malo manjih od unutrašnjih dimenzija vanjskog zida 3 okvira 1. The cover 2 has, essentially, one flat plate 10, generally square or rectangular in shape, with dimensions slightly smaller than the inner dimensions of the outer wall 3 of the frame 1.
Isto kao i kod okvira 1, poklopac 2 ima na svojim kutovima četiri oslona ispusta 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, načinjena zajedno sa pločom 10 na njenoj donjoj strani, namijenjena za djelovanje zajedno sa četiri odgovarajuća oslona ispusta 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D okvira 1. As with frame 1, cover 2 has at its corners four outlet supports 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, made together with plate 10 on its lower side, intended to act together with four corresponding outlet supports 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D of frame 1.
Visina oslonaca poklopca 2 je takva, da je, kada je poklopac postavljen na svoj noseći okvir 1, gornja površina ploče 10 poklopca je poravnata sa gornjim bridom vanjskog zida 3 okvira. The height of the cover supports 2 is such that, when the cover is placed on its supporting frame 1, the upper surface of the cover plate 10 is aligned with the upper edge of the outer wall 3 of the frame.
Dva susjedna oslona ispusta 11A, 11B poklopca 2 imaju po jednu horizontalnu oslonu površinu 12A, 12B, za nalijeganje na komplementarne horizontalne oslone površine 6A, 6B okvira, dok druga dva oslona ispusta 11C, 11D poklopca 2 imaju po jednu kosu oslonu površinu 12C, 12D za nalijeganje na odgovarajuće kose oslone površine 6C, 6D na nivou okvira 1. Kose oslone površine 12C, 12D poklopca 2 također su nagnute prema dolje i prema odgovarajućim, nasuprot postavljenim, horizontalnim osloncima 11A, 11B, a sa horizontalom zatvaraju kut koji odgovara kutu � kosih oslonih površina 6C, 6D okvira. Two adjacent outlet supports 11A, 11B of cover 2 each have one horizontal support surface 12A, 12B, for resting on the complementary horizontal supports of surface 6A, 6B of the frame, while the other two outlet supports 11C, 11D of cover 2 each have one oblique support surface 12C, 12D for abutting on the corresponding inclined support surfaces 6C, 6D at the level of the frame 1. The oblique support surfaces 12C, 12D of the cover 2 are also inclined downwards and towards the corresponding, oppositely placed, horizontal supports 11A, 11B, and with the horizontal they close an angle corresponding to the angle � inclined support surfaces 6C, 6D of the frame.
Na sredini između dva oslonačka ispupčenja 11A, 11B sa horizontalnim oslonim površinama, poklopac 2 ima element 13 za oslanjanje u vidu vertikalnog ispusta, usmjerenog prema dolje, a koji je predviđen da djeluje zajedno sa žlijebom 9 oslonačkog ispupčenja 8 okvira 1. In the middle between the two supporting protrusions 11A, 11B with horizontal bearing surfaces, the cover 2 has a support element 13 in the form of a vertical outlet, directed downwards, which is intended to work together with the groove 9 of the supporting protrusion 8 of the frame 1.
Kod opisanog primjera, taj ispust 13 također ima oblik trokutaste vertikalne prizme čiji se jedan brid treba povezati sa komplementarnim prizmatičnim žlijebom 9 na nivou okvira 1. In the described example, this outlet 13 also has the shape of a triangular vertical prism, one edge of which should be connected to the complementary prismatic groove 9 at the level of the frame 1.
Ova posebna konstrukcija, koja obuhvaća jednu stranu uređaja sa kosim oslonim površinama koje međusobno surađuju, koje su nagnute prema dolje i u smjeru suprotne strane na kojoj su postavljeni odgovarajući osloni elementi 8, 13, međusobno komplementarni, ostvaruje statički sustav oslanjanja u četiri točke kod koga se poklopac 2 oslanja istovremeno sa svoje četiri oslone površine 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D na četiri pripadajuće oslone površine 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D okvira 1, čak i pod djelovanjem opterećenja na poklopac u ma kojoj točki unutar četvorokuta koji formiraju četiri oslonačka ispusta 11A, 11B, 11C,11D postavljena u krajnjim točkama poklopca. This special construction, which includes one side of the device with inclined support surfaces that cooperate with each other, which are inclined downwards and in the direction of the opposite side on which the corresponding support elements 8, 13, mutually complementary, are placed, realizes a static support system in four points where cover 2 rests simultaneously with its four support surfaces 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D on four corresponding support surfaces 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D of frame 1, even under the action of the load on the cover at any point within the quadrilateral formed by the four support outlets 11A , 11B, 11C, 11D placed at the end points of the cover.
Funkcioniranje ovog sustava je takvo, da pod djelovanjem vanjske vertikalne sile koja djeluje na ma koju točku, poklopac 2 gubi stabilnost na jednom osloncu pa, oslanjajući se na tri točke, počinje tražiti četvrtu točku oslanjanja. U stvari, opterećenje koje djeluje na poklopac 2 dovodi ga odmah u dodir sa tri od četiri oslonca okvira 1, i to sa dva oslona ispusta sa horizontalnim površinama 6A, 6B i sa jednim od dva oslona ispusta sa kosim površinama 6C, 6D, i to sa onim koji je bliži napadnoj točki vertikalne sile. Vertikalna sila koja djeluje na poklopac 2 izaziva pojavu tri suprotne sile reakcije na okviru 1. Dvije od ovih sila reakcije, koje se javljaju na dva oslona ispusta sa horizontalnim oslonim površinama 6A, 6B, su vertikalne i usmjerene prema gore. Treća sila reakcije, okomita na kosu površinu nagnutog oslonog ispusta, ima horizontalnu i vertikalnu komponentu. Horizontalna komponenta sile reakcije na nivou tog zakošenog oslonog ispusta izaziva učešće oslonca 8 čija reakcija po svom smjeru nije u stanju ostvariti stanje ravnoteže bez odgovarajućeg učešća drugog nagnutog oslonog ispusta, koji omogućuje stvaranje sustava ravnoteže triju sila u horizontalnoj projekciji. The functioning of this system is such that under the action of an external vertical force acting on any point, cover 2 loses its stability on one support, so, leaning on three points, it starts looking for a fourth support point. In fact, the load acting on the cover 2 brings it immediately into contact with three of the four supports of the frame 1, namely with the two outlet supports with horizontal surfaces 6A, 6B and with one of the two outlet supports with inclined surfaces 6C, 6D, and that with the one closer to the attack point of the vertical force. The vertical force acting on the cover 2 causes the appearance of three opposite reaction forces on the frame 1. Two of these reaction forces, which occur on the two outlet supports with horizontal support surfaces 6A, 6B, are vertical and directed upwards. The third reaction force, perpendicular to the inclined surface of the inclined support outlet, has a horizontal and a vertical component. The horizontal component of the reaction force at the level of that inclined support outlet causes the participation of the support 8, whose reaction in its direction is unable to achieve a state of equilibrium without the corresponding participation of the second inclined support outlet, which enables the creation of a balance system of three forces in the horizontal projection.
U tom cilju, središnji vertikalni ispust 13 poklopca 2 i žlijeb 9 oslonačkog ispupčenja 8 okvira, sa kojim ispust 13 surađuje, ponašaju se kao spojnice i omogućavaju blago zakretanje poklopca 2 u njegovoj ravnini, a oko oslonačkog ispupčenja 8. Isto tako, pod djelovanjem vertikalne sile, poklopac 2 je primoran da se zakreće oko oslonačkog ispupčenja 8 protiv čega se odupire posredstvom ispusta 13, te tako dolazi u dodir sa drugim nagnutim oslonim ispustom okvira 1, omogućujući na taj način poklopcu 2 da uspostavi i održi stabilnu ravnotežu. To this end, the central vertical outlet 13 of the cover 2 and the groove 9 of the supporting projection 8 of the frame, with which the outlet 13 cooperates, act as connectors and enable a slight rotation of the cover 2 in its plane, and around the supporting projection 8. Likewise, under the action of the vertical force, the cover 2 is forced to rotate around the support projection 8 against which it is resisted by means of the outlet 13, and thus comes into contact with the other inclined support outlet of the frame 1, thus enabling the cover 2 to establish and maintain a stable balance.
U tom ravnotežnom položaju, horizontalne komponente sila reakcije oslonaca poklopca na kosim oslonim površinama 6C, 6D okvira uravnotežene su horizontalnom silom reakcije proizvedenom iz dodira ispusta 13 sa oslonačkim ispupčenjem 8 okvira 1. In this equilibrium position, the horizontal components of the reaction forces of the cover supports on the inclined support surfaces 6C, 6D of the frame are balanced by the horizontal reaction force produced from the contact of the outlet 13 with the support protrusion 8 of the frame 1.
Ostvareno stanje stabilnosti, kod koga se poklopac 22 oslanja istovremena na svoje četiri oslone površine 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D na odgovarajuće oslone površine 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D okvira 1, sprečava sve pojave klaćenja. The achieved state of stability, in which the cover 22 rests simultaneously on its four support surfaces 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D on the corresponding support surfaces 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D of the frame 1, prevents all phenomena of wobbling.
Treba napomenuti da su kod izvedbe opisane na slici 1, žlijeb 9 oslonačkog ispupčenja 8 okvira 1 i pripadajući ispust 13 na nivou poklopca 2 načinjeni su u obliku trokutaste prizme, pri čemu V-oblikovani komplementarni profili olakšavaju zakretanje ispusta 13 u žlijeb 9 koji služi kao ležište. It should be noted that in the design described in Figure 1, the groove 9 of the supporting protrusion 8 of the frame 1 and the corresponding outlet 13 at the level of the cover 2 are made in the form of a triangular prism, whereby the V-shaped complementary profiles facilitate the rotation of the outlet 13 into the groove 9, which serves as bed.
Kao varijanta, mogu se također predvidjeti drugi sudjelujući profili za ispust 13 i za žlijeb 9, posebno ispust sa konveksnim profilom, ili V-oblikom, koji se povezuje za komplementarnim konkavnim žlijebom, ili opet ispust konveksnog profila sa zaobljenjem koji se umeće u V-profilirani žlijeb. As a variant, other participating profiles for the outlet 13 and for the groove 9 can also be provided, in particular an outlet with a convex profile, or a V-shape, which is connected behind a complementary concave groove, or again a convex profile outlet with a rounding that is inserted into the V- profiled groove.
Kao sljedeća varijanta, ispust 13 i žlijeb 9 sa kojim je povezan mogu izmijeniti mjesta na nivou dva osnovna dijela, 1, 2, uređaja za pokrivanje odvodnih otvora, tako da je ispust načinjen zajedno sa okvirom, dok je oslonačko ispupčenje sa odgovarajućim žlijebom načinjeno zajedno sa poklopcem ili rešetkom. As a further variant, the outlet 13 and the groove 9 with which it is connected can change places at the level of the two basic parts, 1, 2, of the device for covering the drainage openings, so that the outlet is made together with the frame, while the support projection with the corresponding groove is made together with a lid or grid.
S druge strane, također je pogodno da se nema samo jedan položaj za postavljanje poklopca na okvir i da se olakša posao radniku, a naročito da uređaj za zatvaranje odvodnih otvora ima četvrtasti oblik, i da krajevi svake bočne strane okvira i poklopca imaju po jedan osloni profil sa horizontalnom površinom i po jedan osloni profil sa oslonom površinom nagnutom prema dolje i prema suprotnoj bočnoj strani, i da na sredini svake od bočnih strana bude jedan sklop koji se sastoji od jednog ispusta i jednog oslonačkog ispupčenja sa komplementarnim žlijebom, tako da se poklopac može postaviti na okvir u bilo koji od četiri kutna položaja, koji su međusobno pomaknuti za 90 °, pri čemu je osigurano, za svaki položaj ugradnje, istovremeno nalijeganje na sva četiri oslonca okvira. On the other hand, it is also convenient that there is not only one position for placing the cover on the frame and to make the work easier for the worker, and in particular that the device for closing the drainage holes has a square shape, and that the ends of each side of the frame and the cover have one support a profile with a horizontal surface and one support profile with a support surface inclined downwards and towards the opposite side, and that in the middle of each of the sides there is an assembly consisting of one outlet and one support protrusion with a complementary groove, so that the cover it can be placed on the frame in any of the four angular positions, which are offset by 90 ° from each other, while ensuring, for each installation position, simultaneous bearing on all four supports of the frame.
Varijanta na slici 2 razlikuje se od one na slici 1 po rasporedu oslonih elemenata korištenih na nivou okvira 1 i poklopca 2. The variant in Figure 2 differs from the one in Figure 1 in the arrangement of support elements used at the level of frame 1 and cover 2.
Svaki od dva oslona ispusta 5A, 5B sa horizontalnim nosećim površinama okvira 1 ima, u horizontalnoj projekciji, trokutasti oblik i ima, prema unutrašnjosti okvira, vertikalnu površinu 14A, 14B, postavljenu ukoso u odnosu na bočnu stranu 7 okvira koja naleže na ova dva oslona ispusta 5A, 5B. Each of the two outlet supports 5A, 5B with the horizontal bearing surfaces of the frame 1 has, in the horizontal projection, a triangular shape and has, towards the inside of the frame, a vertical surface 14A, 14B, placed obliquely in relation to the side 7 of the frame that rests on these two supports outlets 5A, 5B.
Ove dvije vertikalne površine također formiraju dvije kose strane 14A, 14B koje predstavljaju oslonačke elemente na nivou okvira 1. Dvije kose strane 14A, 14B postavljene su simetrično u odnosu na vertikalnu ravninu simetrije okomitu na bočnu stranu 7 okvira, a sa tom stranom 7 zatvaraju kut � veličine između 20 ° i 60 °, poželjno od 45 °. These two vertical surfaces also form two oblique sides 14A, 14B which represent support elements at the level of the frame 1. The two oblique sides 14A, 14B are placed symmetrically in relation to the vertical plane of symmetry perpendicular to the side 7 of the frame, and with that side 7 they close an angle � sizes between 20 ° and 60 °, preferably from 45 °.
Slično tome, poklopac 2 ima dvije kose vertikalne strane 15A, 15B koje se pružaju od pripadajućih horizontalnih oslonih površina 12A, 12B prema dolje, i koje su prilagođene za povezivanje sa odgovarajućim stranama 14A, 14B okvira 1 koje sačinjavaju komplementarne oslone elemente. Similarly, the cover 2 has two inclined vertical sides 15A, 15B which extend from the associated horizontal support surfaces 12A, 12B downwards, and which are adapted to connect with the respective sides 14A, 14B of the frame 1 which constitute complementary support elements.
Tako, kada se poklopac 2 postavi na njegov noseći okvir 1 i neka vertikalna sila djeluje na bilo kojem mjestu poklopca, isti gubi stabilnost na jednom osloncu pa se oslanja u tri točke radi traženja četvrte točke oslanjanja. U stvari, vertikalna sila koja djeluje na poklopac dovodi na samom početku isti u dodir sa dva oslona ispupčenja sa horizontalnim oslonim površinama 6A, 6B na okviru i sa oslonim ispustom sa kosom oslonom površinom koji je bliži napadnoj točki sile. Thus, when the cover 2 is placed on its supporting frame 1 and some vertical force acts on any place of the cover, it loses its stability on one support and rests in three points in order to search for a fourth support point. In fact, the vertical force acting on the lid initially brings it into contact with two protrusion supports with horizontal support surfaces 6A, 6B on the frame and with a support outlet with an inclined support surface closer to the point of attack of the force.
To dovodi, na nivou spomenute kose oslone površine okvira 1, do reakcije oslonca koja ima horizontalnu komponentu koja je usmjerena, paralelno jednoj strani okvira, ka suprotnom horizontalnom oslonom ispustu. Ova horizontalna sila reakcije ipak ne može biti uravnotežena horizontalnim silama reakcije koje djeluju okomito na svaku od kosih strana 14A, 14B okvira, a koje su izazvane dodirom ovih strana sa odgovarajućim kosim stranama 15A, 15B na nivou poklopca 2. This leads, at the level of the mentioned oblique support surface of the frame 1, to a reaction of the support which has a horizontal component which is directed, parallel to one side of the frame, towards the opposite horizontal support outlet. This horizontal reaction force, however, cannot be balanced by the horizontal reaction forces acting perpendicularly to each of the inclined sides 14A, 14B of the frame, which are caused by the contact of these sides with the corresponding inclined sides 15A, 15B at the level of the cover 2.
Da bi se uravnotežile ove horizontalne sile reakcije, potrebno je da poklopac 2 dođe u dodir sa četvrtim osloncem, to jest sa drugim oslonim ispustom sa kosom oslonom površinom, tako da na tom nivou razvije silu reakcije čija horizontalna komponenta omogućuje uravnoteženje sustava. In order to balance these horizontal reaction forces, it is necessary for cover 2 to come into contact with the fourth support, that is, with the second support outlet with a slanted support surface, so that it develops a reaction force at that level, the horizontal component of which enables the system to be balanced.
Učestvovanje četvrtog oslonca ostvaruje se tada, pod djelovanjem vertikalne sile, laganim zakretanjem poklopca 2 u horizontalnoj ravnini, okretanjem oko oslonih elemenata koje sačinjavaju kose strane 14A, 14B okvira, a koje dovode poklopac 2 u dodir sa kosom oslonom površinom okvira koga u početku nije bilo. The participation of the fourth support is then achieved, under the action of a vertical force, by slightly rotating the cover 2 in the horizontal plane, by turning around the support elements that make up the slanted sides 14A, 14B of the frame, which bring the cover 2 into contact with the slanted support surface of the frame that was not there in the beginning .
Postiže se stabilno stanje u kome se poklopac 2 oslanja istovremeno sa svoje četiri oslone površine 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D na komplementarne oslone površine 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D okvira 1, čime se sprečava pojava klaćenja. A stable state is achieved in which the lid 2 rests simultaneously with its four support surfaces 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D on the complementary supports of the surface 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D of the frame 1, thus preventing the occurrence of wobbling.
Treba naglasiti da je ovo zakretanje poklopca 2 u njegovoj ravnini, koje omogućuje da ostvari i održi stabilnost oslanjanja u četiri točke na okviru, omogućeno zahvaljujući kosom položaju strana 14A, 14B na okviru i komplementarnih strana 15A, 15B na poklopcu. It should be emphasized that this rotation of the cover 2 in its plane, which allows it to achieve and maintain the stability of the support at four points on the frame, is made possible by the inclined position of the sides 14A, 14B on the frame and the complementary sides 15A, 15B on the cover.
Pored toga treba reći da kose strane 14A, 14B okvira 1 ne moraju biti vertikalne već isto tako mogu biti, u jednoj varijanti, nagnute prema dolje u odnosu na vertikalu. In addition, it should be said that the slanted sides 14A, 14B of the frame 1 do not have to be vertical, but can also be, in one variant, inclined downwards in relation to the vertical.
Na kraju, kose strane 14A, 14B okvira i komplementarne kose strane 15A, 15B poklopca mogu se odvojiti od horizontalnih oslonaca i postaviti na zajedničku bočnu stranu na mjesta raspoređena simetrično u odnosu na vertikalnu središnju ravninu te bočne strane. Finally, the beveled sides 14A, 14B of the frame and the complementary beveled sides 15A, 15B of the cover can be separated from the horizontal supports and placed on a common side in places arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical center plane of those sides.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9703048A FR2760765B1 (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1997-03-11 | SQUARE OR RECTANGULAR PATHWAY DEVICE COMPRISING A SUPPORT FRAME AND A COVERING ELEMENT |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP980129A2 true HRP980129A2 (en) | 1999-10-31 |
| HRP980129B1 HRP980129B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| HR980129A HRP980129B1 (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1998-03-10 | Apparatus for closing manholes of square or rectangular form including a bearing frame and a closing element |
Country Status (20)
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| EP (1) | EP0973975B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1179103C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR011187A1 (en) |
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| AU (1) | AU6838298A (en) |
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| SK (1) | SK286176B6 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998040567A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU49201B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2910501B1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2009-03-27 | Saint Gobain Pam Sa | ROAD DEVICE COMPRISING A COVERING ELEMENT AND A FRAME ADAPTED TO SUPPORT THE COVERING ELEMENT IN DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS, FOLLOWING IN PARTICULAR THE DIRECTION OF CIRCULATION |
| US8835757B2 (en) | 2010-11-10 | 2014-09-16 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Locking subgrade vault |
| US10197088B2 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2019-02-05 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Tamper resistant closure mechanism for a utility vault |
| US11066803B2 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2021-07-20 | Oldcastle Infrastructure, Inc. | Locking subgrade vault |
| US10240316B2 (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2019-03-26 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Locking subgrade vault |
| CN115303412A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-11-08 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | Deck gutter grating cover on ship |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1104447B (en) | 1957-03-13 | 1961-04-06 | Passavant Werke | Square manhole cover with a lid positioned in the corners of the frame |
| GB2120303A (en) * | 1982-03-09 | 1983-11-30 | Brickhouse Dudley Mfg | Road surface access covers and gratings |
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1997
- 1997-03-11 FR FR9703048A patent/FR2760765B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-04 BR BR9808328-7A patent/BR9808328A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-04 HU HU0002332A patent/HU222803B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-04 ES ES98913821T patent/ES2178195T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-04 AT AT98913821T patent/ATE220152T1/en active
- 1998-03-04 CZ CZ0319999A patent/CZ297434B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-04 SK SK1228-99A patent/SK286176B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-04 CN CNB988017458A patent/CN1179103C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-04 PL PL98335648A patent/PL189368B1/en unknown
- 1998-03-04 AU AU68382/98A patent/AU6838298A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-04 YU YU34299A patent/YU49201B/en unknown
- 1998-03-04 WO PCT/FR1998/000419 patent/WO1998040567A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-03-04 DK DK98913821T patent/DK0973975T3/en active
- 1998-03-04 EP EP98913821A patent/EP0973975B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-04 PT PT98913821T patent/PT973975E/en unknown
- 1998-03-04 DE DE69806370T patent/DE69806370T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-10 HR HR980129A patent/HRP980129B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-10 MY MYPI98001041A patent/MY119631A/en unknown
- 1998-03-11 AR ARP980101080A patent/AR011187A1/en unknown
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Also Published As
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| NO319962B1 (en) | 2005-10-03 |
| ES2178195T3 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
| HUP0002332A3 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
| FR2760765A1 (en) | 1998-09-18 |
| CZ297434B6 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
| NO994391L (en) | 1999-09-10 |
| HRP980129B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| SK286176B6 (en) | 2008-04-07 |
| YU34299A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
| PL335648A1 (en) | 2000-05-08 |
| BR9808328A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
| EP0973975B1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
| CZ9903199A3 (en) | 2001-02-14 |
| PT973975E (en) | 2002-11-29 |
| HUP0002332A2 (en) | 2000-11-28 |
| YU49201B (en) | 2004-09-03 |
| WO1998040567A1 (en) | 1998-09-17 |
| EP0973975A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| HU222803B1 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
| DE69806370D1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
| SK122899A3 (en) | 2000-09-12 |
| NO994391D0 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
| AR011187A1 (en) | 2000-08-02 |
| MY119631A (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| AU6838298A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
| FR2760765B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
| PL189368B1 (en) | 2005-07-29 |
| DE69806370T2 (en) | 2003-03-13 |
| DK0973975T3 (en) | 2002-10-14 |
| CN1179103C (en) | 2004-12-08 |
| ATE220152T1 (en) | 2002-07-15 |
| CN1243560A (en) | 2000-02-02 |
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