SK286176B6 - Manhole cover in streets and pavements - Google Patents

Abstract

A manhole cover in streets and pavements provided with two main elements of generally rectangular shape, and namely a frame located in the ground, and a covering member, particularly a cover or a grate located on the frame. Said frame is provided in close proximity of its two corners with two horizontal bearing surfaces and in close proximity of its other two corners with two sloping support surfaces adapted to co-operate with matching support surfaces on inner side of the covering member. The sloping support surfaces slope downwards towards the horizontal support surfaces and the frame is provided with a stop, communicating with a corresponding projection on the covering member. Said stop means (8, 9, 14A, 14B) and complementing stop means (13, 15A, 15B) are shaped in such a way that, when the covering member is subjected to the action of a vertical external force applied at any point, the stop means of the frame co-operate with the complementary stop means in such a way as to cause the covering member to return, under the influence of reaction - induced to the right of the stop means by horizontal reaction component - to the external force to the right of sloping bearing surfaces, in its plane about the stop means (8, 9, 14A, 14B) of the frame (1) until a position of stable equilibrium is attained in which the covering member (2) rests by its four bearing surfaces (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D) on the corresponding bearing surfaces (6A, 6B, 6C, 6D) of the frame (1).

Description

The invention relates to a shaft cover on streets and sidewalks having two main elements of generally square or rectangular shape, a frame embedded in the ground and a cover element, in particular a lid or lattice, mounted on the frame, the frame being provided with two frame frames near its two corners. supporting horizontal surfaces and in proximity of the other two corners with frame inclined support surfaces to cooperate with similar age support surfaces on the inside of the cover member, wherein the frame inclined support surfaces are angled downwardly and the frame is provided with a stop cooperating with a corresponding projection on the cover member. In particular, the invention relates to a cover for closing inlet wells or wells for observing water sources, or channels at the pavement level, or covers for closing waste channels, for example grilles.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A cover of the above type has already been described, for example, in GB 2120303. This cover is also provided with a lid which, however, is not mounted in a stable position on the frame. If a vertical force is applied to the equilibrium triangle formed by the two corners of the lid and the center of the opposite side, the lid does not move. However, if the vertical force acts outside this triangle, which may occur, for example, on a pedestrian crossing or a cyclist crossing, the lid may lift slightly on the side opposite the force application point. This places the lid in an unstable position, rocking and causing noise.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a cover of the aforementioned type without the disadvantages associated with a known type of cover.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on a cover for shafts on streets and sidewalks with two main elements of generally square or rectangular shape, a frame embedded in the ground and a cover element, in particular a lid or lattice, mounted on the frame. supporting horizontal surfaces and in proximity of the other two corners frame inclined support surfaces to cooperate with similar age support surfaces on the inside of the cover element, wherein the frame inclined support surfaces are angled downwardly and the frame is provided with a stop cooperating with a corresponding projection on the cover element, the stop means and corresponding stop means are designed to cooperate the frame stop with a corresponding projection on the lid, under the action of an external vertical force on the lid at any point, to adjust the lid by the reaction induced by the horizontal component of the stop force through the inclined abutment surfaces by rotating the lid about the frame means to the stop on the frame, until a stable equilibrium position is reached in which the lid is supported by its four age abutment surfaces on the four corresponding frame surfaces.

The cover according to the invention may have one or more of the following features:

The frame inclined abutment surfaces and the corresponding age inclined abutment surfaces have the same inclination in the range of 20 to 60 ° with respect to the horizontal plane, the stop means being located halfway between the horizontal abutment surfaces, these means being formed by a substantially vertical projection cooperating with the stop and at least partially extending into a substantially vertical recess of the second main housing member, the projection having the shape of a triangular prism designed to engage a notch of a corresponding shape in a stop on the second main housing member, the projection having a convex profile to cooperate with a corresponding concave profile of the detent; the shape of a triangular prism intended to cooperate with the concave profile of the stop, the recess having the shape of a notch shaped triangular prism for cooperation with the convex profile of the corresponding stop, the means for stopping into the frame are formed by two frame surfaces, They are vertically or inclined downward and are disposed symmetrically with respect to a median plane perpendicular to the side wall of the frame adjacent to two frame horizontal abutment surfaces, said surfaces being intended to cooperate with two corresponding age faces on the cover member, each frame inclined surface animal with a side wall angle of 20 to 60 °, o

The H-frame horizontal support surfaces are triangular in shape and each has a side facing the interior space of the frame, inclined with respect to the side walls or inclined downwards to form two frame inclined surfaces to reach a frame-level stop.

The invention also includes a frame and a cover element, in particular a lattice or a lid.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 schematically shows, prior to assembly, the two main elements of the housing according to the invention.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of a cover according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The cover shown schematically in FIG. 1, is intended to be laid at pavement level or on comparable surfaces, for example in car parks, where it allows entry or observation of various bodies buried underground and ensures their safe closure.

As can be seen from the drawing, this cover is formed by two parts, a frame 1 and a lid 2, both of which are shown in the drawing before assembly.

The frame 1 has a generally square or rectangular shape and consists of a vertical casing 3 provided with a peripheral washer (not shown) at its edges by means of which the frame 1 can be fixed underground, for example by concrete or the like.

The two opposite corners 4A, 4B of the frame 1 are provided with respective frame abutments 5A, 5B parallel to the horizontal plane, thereby defining two frame horizontal abutment surfaces 6A, 6B that are disposed approximately half the height of the shell 3.

The other two corners 4C, 4D are provided with respective frame oblique abutment projections 5C, 5D, thereby defining two frame oblique abutment surfaces 6C, 6D, which are arranged in the same plane and form an angle α of 20 within the horizontal plane. to 60 °.

Halfway between the two frame horizontal abutment surfaces 6A, 6B, the side wall 7 is provided with a stop 8 in which there is a substantially vertical recess 9, which is substantially V-shaped, open towards the interior of the frame 1 and generally triangular prism. The purpose of this element will be explained below.

The lid 2 is essentially a flat plate 10 of square or rectangular shape with dimensions slightly smaller than the inner dimensions of the housing 3 and the frame 1.

The lid 2 is provided in its corners with four lid support lugs 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D mounted on the inside of the flat plate 10 and intended to cooperate with four corresponding frame support lugs 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D of the frame 1. Said lugs have such height that the surface of the plate 10 is disposed on the upper edge of the casing 3 of the frame 1.

The two lid abutments 11A, 11B of the lid 2 form respective age abutment surfaces 12A, 12B that come into contact with the corresponding frame abutment surfaces 6A, 6B at rest, at the same time the age inclined abutment surfaces 12C, 12D come into contact with the corresponding frame the inclined abutment surfaces 6C, 6D of the frame 1. The inclined surfaces on both parts are thus inclined in the same way with respect to the horizontal plane at said angle α.

In the middle distance between the age support lugs 11A, 11B, the lid 2 is provided with a lug 13 intended to cooperate with the recess 9 of the stop 8.

In the example shown, the protrusion 13 has the shape of a triangular prism and is intended to be inserted into a corresponding prism-shaped recess 9 on the frame 1.

This particular arrangement, consisting in the formation of inclined surfaces cooperating with the corresponding inclined surfaces on the second part of the device, together with the corresponding stop 8 and the protrusion 13 results in a stable four-point system, so that the lid 2 always rests with its four age abutment surfaces. 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D on corresponding frame support surfaces 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D of frame 1. In the case of a force applied in the vertical direction at any point, this situation will not change.

When a force is applied in the vertical direction to the lid 2 at a certain point, it destabilizes at three points, so that for a complete stabilization it is necessary to achieve a bearing at the fourth point. Thus, three opposite reactions of the frame 1 occur simultaneously. Two of these reactions, induced on the frame horizontal support surfaces 6A, 6B, are vertical and directed upwards. However, the third reaction is perpendicular to the inclination of the frame inclined abutment surface, creating a horizontal and vertical component, with the horizontal component engaging the detent 8, thereby achieving an equilibrium state of its cooperation with the corresponding projection.

To achieve this, the vertical projection 13 of the lid 2 and the recess 9 in the stop 8 are provided in the form of a hinge allowing the lid 2 to rotate easily in the plane in which it is received. Thus, applying a vertical downward force causes the lid 2 to rotate slightly relative to the stop 8, thereby contacting the other two inclined abutment surfaces on the lid 2 and the frame 1 and re-stabilizing the lid 2.

Thus, in the equilibrium state, the horizontal components induced by the reaction to the application of the vertical force are counterbalanced by the horizontal reaction resulting from the mutual contact of the projection 13 and the stop 8.

Upon reaching an equilibrium state in which the lid 2 rests at the same time with its four age abutment surfaces 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D on the corresponding frame abutment surfaces 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D of the frame 1, no longer oscillating movements and noise can occur.

In FIG. 1, the recess 9 of the stop 8 is in the form of a triangular prism as well as a corresponding projection 13 on the lid 2. The profiles of these V-shaped elements allow the two parts to move relative to each other so that the recess 9 serves as a bearing.

Obviously, the two cooperating portions, the protrusion 13 and the recess 9, could also have a different shape, for example the protrusion 13 could have a convex profile or a V-shape cooperating with a corresponding concave recess or could also be a convex shape whose arc could rely on a V-shaped recess

In another possible embodiment, the fit of the two parts, the protrusion 13 and the recess 9 on the frame 1 and the lid 2 could be reversed, so that the protrusion 13 would be supported on the frame 1 and the recess 9 on the lid 2.

In a further possible embodiment, it could be advantageous to achieve modifications such that the lid 2 is not supported during assembly. In particular, it is an embodiment in which the entire device has a square shape. In this case, it is possible to provide the ends of each side wall and the lid with horizontal support elements such that when the lid is rotated by 90 °, in each mounting position, the four support surfaces of the lid always contact the four support surfaces of the frame.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is slightly different from the embodiment of FIG. 1. The difference is that on the frame 1 and the lid 2 the stop means are arranged, which have a triangular shape.

The frame 1 is provided with two frame horizontal support lugs 5A, 5B of a triangular shape in its interior space, one substantially vertical wall being disposed obliquely with respect to the side wall 7.

This results in two frame inclined surfaces 14A, 14B forming stop means and positioned symmetrically with respect to the median vertical plane perpendicular to the side wall 7, forming an angle β of 20 to 60 ° with it, preferably 45 °.

Correspondingly, the lid 2 is also provided with two lid inclined surfaces 15A, 15B intended to cooperate with corresponding frame inclined surfaces 14A, 14B to form stop means.

If the bearing 2 is subjected to a downward force in the vertical direction, the lid is destabilized again and stability at the fourth point must be achieved. In this case, there is a reaction in which the horizontal component runs parallel to the frame wall. This horizontal reaction can be counterbalanced by the horizontal reactions that originate perpendicular to the frame inclined surfaces 14A, 14B by their contact with the corresponding age inclined surfaces 15A, 15B of the lid 2.

To compensate for this, it is necessary for the lid 2 to come into contact with the fourth protrusion, i.e. the second inclined surface, to induce a reaction with the horizontal component to achieve the equilibrium state of the entire system.

This contact with the fourth projection can be achieved by slightly rotating the lid 2 in the horizontal plane by rotating it around the means for reaching the stop formed by the frame inclined surfaces 14A, 14B of the frame 1.

In this way, it is possible to achieve a stable state in which the lid 2 rests simultaneously with its four age support surfaces 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D on the corresponding four frame support surfaces 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D of the frame 1, so that any rocking of the lid is excluded.

It should be noted that by rotating the lid 2 in its plane of placement, its stability can be found and maintained at four points, which in this second embodiment is made possible by the presence of the frame inclined surfaces 14A, 14B of the frame 1 and the corresponding age inclined surfaces 15A, 15B of the lid 2.

These inclined surfaces do not necessarily have to be vertical, but can be inclined downwards.

Finally, the frame inclined surfaces 14A, 14B of the frame 1 and the lid inclined surfaces 15A, 15B of the lid 2 can be separated from the horizontal projections and positioned symmetrically with respect to the median plane perpendicular to the side wall

7th

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Shaft cover on streets and sidewalks, with two main elements of generally square or rectangular shape, a frame laid in the ground and a cover element, in particular a lid or lattice, mounted on the frame, the frame being provided with two frame supports near its two corners horizontal surfaces and near the other two corners of the frame inclined abutment surfaces to cooperate with similar age abutment surfaces on the inside of the cover element, wherein the frame inclined abutment surfaces are angled downwardly and the frame is provided with a stop cooperating with a corresponding projection on the cover element, that the frame stop means (8, 9, 14A, 14B) and the corresponding stop means (13, 15A, 15B) are formed to cooperate the frame stop with the corresponding lug on the lid, under the action of an external vertical force on the lid at any point , to adjust the lid by the reaction induced by the horizon by an opposing force component to the stop over the inclined abutment surfaces by pivoting the lid about the frame means (8, 9, 14A, 14B) to the stop on the frame (1) until a stable equilibrium position is reached in which the lid (2) is supported by its four age supports surfaces (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D) on four corresponding frame surfaces (6A, 6B, 6C, 6D) of the frame (1). Cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame inclined abutment surfaces (6C, 6D) of the frame (1) and the corresponding age inclined abutment surfaces (12C, 12D) of the lid (2) have a common inclination of 20 to 60 ° with respect to the horizontal plane. Cover according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame and age means (8, 9, 13) are positioned halfway between the corresponding frame and age horizontal abutment surfaces on the frame (1) and the lid (2). (6A, 6B, 12A, 12B) and are formed by a protrusion (13) mounted on one of the main portions and designed at least partially to cooperate with a recess (9) of the stop (8) mounted on the other portion. Cover according to claim 3, characterized in that the projection (13) has the shape of a triangular prism for cooperation with the recess (9) also in the form of a triangular prism in a corresponding stop. Cover according to claim 3, characterized in that the projection (13) has a convex profile intended to cooperate with a corresponding concave recess (9). Cover according to claim 3, characterized in that the projection (13) has the shape of a triangular prism with an edge intended to cooperate with the concave profile of the corresponding recess (9). Cover according to claim 3, characterized in that the recess (9) has the shape of a triangular prism for cooperation with a corresponding convex profile of the projection (13). Cover according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the frame stop means mounted on the frame (1) are formed by two frame surfaces (14A, 14B) arranged vertically or obliquely downwards, symmetrical to the median plane. perpendicular to the side wall (7) of the frame (1) adjacent to two frame horizontal support surfaces (6A, 6B) and intended to cooperate with corresponding age sloping surfaces (15A, 15B) of the lid (2). Cover according to claim 8, characterized in that each frame inclined surface (14A, 14B) of the frame (1) forms an angle of 20 to 60 ° with the side wall (7). Cover according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the two frame horizontal abutment surfaces (6A, 6B) of the frame (1) have a triangular shape and form an inwardly inclined surface which is vertical or inclined downwards to form two frame oblique of the surfaces (14A, 14B) forming the stop means at the frame level (1).