HRP20050884A2 - Method for bonding bricks to form a brick composite and corresponding brick composite - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for joining briquettes (2) in the manufacture of a briquette stack (1), wherein the bonding material, which will ultimately be in the solid state, is applied in a liquid state to at least one bonding surface (12) of the briquette (2) ) and the briquette (2) that is to be bonded is laid or placed on that connecting surface (12). The invention further relates to the briquette style thus produced (1). For carrying out such a process, which can be carried out quickly, simply and at a reasonable cost, and which can produce a particularly stable style of briquettes with outstanding insulating properties, it is envisaged that a polymeric material (3) be applied to the bonding material (3) expandable material and to allow the briquettes (2) to be bonded, constructed and placed on top of each other so as to obtain an adhesive gap of generally constant width (d), preferably less than 1 mm.

Description

The invention relates to the process of joining briquettes to form a stack of briquettes, whereby the bonding material, which is solid in its final state, is applied in a liquid state to at least one bonding surface of the briquettes, and the briquette that is to be bonded lies down or is placed on that bonding surface .

The invention further relates to a stack of briquettes with a large number of individual briquettes that are connected to each other by means of a binding material.

The term briquette includes a variety of building materials, especially brick, concrete stone, porous concrete stone such as Ytong stone, Leka stone, calcareous sand stone or many other materials that can be used for building constructions or the like.

For example, walls or elements of walls, roofs or elements of roofs, supports or supports, stairs or elements of stairs and much more fall under the term briquette stack. The proposed invention can be applied both for the briquettes themselves, and also in the finished parts factory where such stacks of briquettes are produced.

Until now, briquettes, such as bricks, were usually joined together using a connected (silicate) material, such as mortar, cement or the like. The process of hydration of the starting materials leads to high strength and a sufficient adhesion effect is created between the connected briquettes. Such bonding materials are usually mixed together at the construction site, homogenized and applied in a liquid state to the bonding surfaces of the briquettes using a mason's trowel or application roller. Regardless of the relatively high labor costs, due to the water needed to harden the material, it is not possible to work in the cold season, because the mortar can only be processed up to approx. + 5°C. For this reason, the works, where such material is used, must be interrupted in the winter, which causes a long period of downtime in relation to the completion of the building and the associated costs. In recent times, liquid, cream or cement-based gel adhesives are used instead of mortar to join special flat bricks.

In the field of construction, for a long time, efforts have been made to use the cold seasons for work, in order to finish the building as soon as possible and thereby save time and costs.

For filling voids with foam in the field of construction, the use of poly-urethane foam is common and known. Thus, for example, WO 94/25274 A1 describes a process for installing roof tiles on roof surfaces using two-component polyurethane foam. In doing so, polyurethane foam is applied in strips and in a relatively larger volume to the surface of the roof, and the semicircular roof tiles are pressed into the strips of foam with their edges. Foam is used to fill the wedge-shaped gap between the roof tile and the roof surface, which is caused by laying the roof tile, one above the other. This results in relatively high material costs and only limited adhesion strength, which would be too low for briquette joints, such as for example walls.

US 3 839 519 A describes a process for the production of walls for a ready-made house, in which a number of bricks are joined together using a polyester mortar. To achieve the necessary strength of the finished parts, a steel mesh is placed on the back side of the wall, on which the inner wall is placed. Polymer foam is placed between the inner wall and the steel mesh filled with polyester mortar. At the same time, the foam serves as an insulating material, and strength is achieved with a steel mesh. Regardless of the relatively high production costs, this procedure can only be applied in factories of finished parts, but not directly at the construction site.

The price for the pre-fabrication of such briquette stacks, which must have a very high load-bearing capacity, such as supports for placing the upper limits of openings, windows and door openings or similar in walls, covering elements for the production of balconies or similar approaches to stairs, is currently relatively high . Brackets for windows or doors and cover elements today are most often made of concrete with steel reinforcement and have a brick jacket to achieve homogeneity in the brick wall. Regardless of the increased production costs, such stacks of briquettes are relatively heavy, which makes their transportation to the construction site and further handling difficult. Furthermore, concrete filling causes poor thermal insulation.

In order to keep the weight of such stacks of briquettes within limits, they usually have a small height as additional elements for the production of building walls. This again makes it difficult to produce walls with openings1 for doors or windows or the like, because, for example, the rows of bricks over the supports must be made from corresponding bricks of a smaller height to get back to the normal brick height. This results in longer construction time and ultimately increased construction costs. An example of such prefabricated cover elements or supports for window or door openings is provided by EP 970 883 A2.

AT 397528 B shows a stack of briquettes in the form of a stack of bricks, the height of which corresponds to each brick with empty holes and which can be slightly grasped and arranged and, moreover, also has good thermal insulation properties. For this purpose, the brick pile has a special cross-section with several hollow spaces in which steel prestressing elements are located, which are poured primarily with concrete. There is, furthermore, a thermal insulation area with at least one hollow chamber. Such a stack of bricks is, above all, relatively expensive in terms of production and due to the concrete filling, it is relatively heavy.

A different stack of briquettes in the form of a supporting element for a brick wall is known from DE 136 28 963 A1, whereby the brick stones are mutually overstressed via tension rods, which are placed between them with spacer holders. At the end, angled supporting elements are placed, over which the supporting element is placed on the side walls of the window opening or similar. This load-bearing element is admittedly lighter than usual load-bearing elements, because it is not cast from concrete, however, due to the tensile bars, it still has a relatively high weight and its production is relatively expensive.

From this comes the conclusion that the known methods of joining briquettes for the construction of a briquette stack are relatively expensive in terms of time and price and, that is, or the briquette stacks produced in this way have insufficient strength.

The task of the proposed invention therefore consists in providing a procedure for joining briquettes, which can be carried out simply, quickly and at a favorable price and which can preferably also be carried out at lower temperatures, so that the building can be built also during the cold season era. The strength of the briquette piles produced in this way must be as high as possible so that the construction of the supporting briquette piles is also possible. Finally, in order to save on costs for the bonding material, its consumption when joining the briquettes must be as low as possible.

A further task of the proposed invention is to produce a stack of briquettes that is as stable as possible, has the lowest possible weight and meets the construction technical and construction legal criteria for buildings, especially for buildings. Furthermore, the stack of briquettes must have good sound and thermal insulation properties. Finally, the briquette stack must be able to be made as simply, quickly and at a good price as possible, and it must. can be easily and quickly installed in the building. The disadvantages of known constructions must be avoided or at least reduced.

The first task of the invention is solved by the method according to the invention, so that an expandable polymer material is applied as a bonding material to at least one bonding surface, and such bonding surfaces are made on the briquettes that are to be connected, and they are arranged one on top of the other to obtain a gap for glue mostly of constant width, which is preferably smaller than 1 mm. According to the invention, a polymer material that can expand is understood to mean a material that can expand, that is, that foams before or during processing and that then hardens. Before solidification, the polymer material is sticky. For example, this material contains a prepolymer that expands by polyaddition or polymerization. The reaction takes place favorably under the influence of oxygen from the air, i.e. air humidity, so no additives need to be added. The advantages of expandable polymer materials for joining briquettes consist of simple processability, as well as outstanding properties of the material in the hardened (hardened) state. For work on the construction site during the cold season, the advantage is both the possibility of use at lower temperatures, and also the fact that no expensive preparations have to be made to make the material usable, such as mixing, long-term homogenization, etc. For example, the polymer material is it can be delivered to the construction site in containers where it stands under pressure and can be further processed from them without further costs. On the one hand, this has the advantage that the expansion of the polymer material can be accelerated with such a container, and on the other hand, that the polymer material can also be applied to the surface of the briquettes to be joined in metered quantities. For example, it can be sprayed directly onto the bonding surface, which is important for the relatively short reaction time of the polymer material. This reduces material consumption to a minimum. If there is a vessel available in which the material is under pressure, then it is environmentally friendly that it is free from CFC, HFCKW and HFCW. The required strength of the joint is achieved on the one hand by the type of bonding material, and on the other hand by the condition of the bonding surface of the briquettes. Namely, the bonding surfaces must be made so that the bonding surfaces of the briquettes, which are located opposite each other, are placed mostly parallel to each other so that a gap for the glue is obtained that is mostly constant and preferably of a small width of preferably less than 1 mm. In addition to better strength, with a smaller gap width for the glue, the consumption of bonding material is also lower.

In order to obtain an adhesive gap of mostly constant and as small a width as possible, it is useful to grind at least one bonding surface, preferably each bonding surface of each briquette to be connected, before applying the bonding material. This is useful especially with bricks that are subject to some shrinkage after burning, so that this results in an uneven bonding surface, which can lead to adhesive gaps of different widths when briquettes are joined. This reduces the strength of the briquette stack and at the same time increases the consumption of binding material. In the case of other briquettes, such as briquettes made of porous concrete, subsequent processing of the briquettes after their production can be omitted if the bonding surfaces are otherwise particularly smooth, i.e. if they are made flat. It should also be mentioned that bonding surfaces do not have to be flat surfaces, but differently shaped bonding surfaces that form a joint between two briquettes in the manner of a groove and a spring are also possible. When joining, it is important that the resulting adhesive gap has a mostly constant width and is as narrow as possible. The fineness of grinding the briquettes can be adjusted to the material used to make the briquettes and the requirements according to the style of the briquettes.

It is useful to connect briquettes with polyurethane foam (PUR foam). PUR foams are now used to seal gaps, such as when installing windows. Such polymeric material includes, in a known manner, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate or the like. It also contains isomers, homologues and the like. The advantage of PUR foam is not only in its easy processing, but also in its properties, such as excellent adhesion to different material surfaces. According to the invention, this is used for a solid and secret connection of the briquettes. Furthermore, PUR foam meets the requirements of technical standards regarding insulation properties. This has the consequence that it is possible to achieve not only significantly better insulation, but also that additional means of insulating the building can be saved. When applying a polymer material that can expand to the connecting surfaces of the briquettes, it can penetrate into the pores of the briquettes, which can limit the conduction of sound as well as heat through the pores in the briquettes, or even interrupt them. Especially with regard to thermal bridges, which represent large weak points on external wall elements, a binding material such as PUR foam is preferred. The advantage lies not only in saving energy, but also in preventing corrosion of materials due to the formation of dew on the inside of the construction element in question, which in the worst case can lead to damage to the building, formation of mold, cracks and the like. These are just some small advantages that favor the use of PUR foam instead of common adhesives, such as adhesive mortar, especially cement.

According to a further useful feature of the invention, the bonding material consists of at least two components, which are brought into contact before being applied to. bonding surface. Such a bonding material has the advantage of being able to influence both the chemical and also the technological characteristics of the one-component bonding material. The processability of the binder can be further improved if the expandable polymeric material consists of at least two components that are brought into contact before being applied to the briquette surface. The joint feeding of the two components can be carried out in any way, whereby for this purpose, for example, a container with two chambers for the two components under pressure can be used. The joint supply of the two components can take place, for example, in the spray head of that container, and thus the homogenized material is applied in a dosed amount to the surface of the briquettes that are to be joined.

In addition, additives such as stabilizers, catalysts, anti-aging agents, anti-flame agents or the like can be added to the binding material.

Depending on the requirements regarding the strength of the joint, the bonding material can be applied pointwise, along at least one line or also flat. Compared to the point arrangement of the bonding material, linear or flat application has an advantage in terms of thermal and sound protection, because a continuous connection is obtained and the formation of cracks for the transmission of heat or sound can be prevented. As far as the sound load is concerned, it is always advantageous to apply the polymer material in as thin a layer as possible. Aids such as templates can be used to apply the polymer material. The insulation of the interconnected briquettes can be further optimized by filling the voids in the briquette with the bonding material, such as those that occur in bricks with empty chambers. The expanded polymer material also has good insulating properties.

It is especially advantageous if the empty space is filled with bonding material. simultaneously with the application of bonding material on at least one bonding surface of the briquettes to be joined. This also has the advantage of saving time, material and cost. On the construction site, you can save several working steps (and also for the necessary materials), which usually consist of filling the voids in the briquettes, for example, with Styrofoam bodies.

According to the invention, it is useful for better joining, i.e. adhesion of individual briquettes, if the bonding surfaces of the briquettes to be joined are pre-treated before applying the bonding material. The surfaces can, for example, be wetted. Adhesion can be further improved by removing debris, dirt, etc. from the bonding surfaces before applying the expandable polymer material, so that it can be worked cleanly.

In order to further increase the insulating properties, the briquettes can be connected to at least one insulating layer, whereby an expandable polymeric material is used as the connecting material. The use of this binding material enables, on the one hand, a good hold of the insulating layer on the briquettes and also facilitates the work stage, because the same binding material is used both for connecting the briquettes to each other and also for connecting the briquettes to the insulating layer itself.

In order to achieve optimal insulating properties of the briquette stack, it is intended that the briquettes be connected to a multi-layered briquette stack, wherein there is at least one insulating layer between the individual briquette stacks, and wherein the insulating layer is connected to the briquettes and in any case several insulating layers are connected mutually with a polymer material that can expand. In this way, it is possible to create briquette stacks that, in addition to their extraordinary strength, also have extraordinary insulating properties. Depending on the material used for the insulating layer, to achieve the lowest possible U value, it must have a greater or lesser thickness.

Especially when using the briquette stack as a support, support, roof element or the like, it is advantageous if the briquette stack made of briquettes is reinforced by placing reinforcing elements, such as for example reinforcing fabric or reinforcing slats along at least one surface of the briquette stack. Reinforcing elements such as reinforcing fabric or reinforcing strips can for example be made of glass fiber reinforced material and they hold the stack of briquettes together.

Especially when using reinforcement elements that extend long, such as reinforcement strips, it can be useful if a groove or similar is made in the surface of the briquette stack, in which the reinforcement element or reinforcement strip is placed. Thus, the arrangement of the reinforcing elements does not affect the mostly flat surface of the briquette stack.

Reinforcement elements are preferably glued together with the briquette stack, whereby an expandable polymer material can also be used.

The second task of the proposed invention is solved with the above-described stack of briquettes, where the briquettes are connected with expanded or foam polymer material and the adhesive gap between the two connected briquettes has a mostly constant width, preferably less than 1 mm. The adhesive gap must be as small as possible due to optimal strength and insulation properties of the briquette stack. In the case of very precisely made, i.e. straight ground briquettes, the gap width for glue can be close to zero.

The briquettes of the briquette stack preferably have at least one bonding surface ground. This is not only advantageous because of the smaller connection between the individual briquettes and because of the thus obtained better insulation of the entire stack of briquettes, but it is also advantageous because of the reduction of the required material. In addition, the ground bonding surface is useful due to the compressive loads to which the individual briquettes in the briquette stack are exposed.

The briquettes are primarily connected to each other with poly-urethane foam.

Briquettes can be combined with multi-component material.

If the briquettes have voids, the material used to join the briquettes can penetrate into these voids and thereby achieve stronger adhesion due to the increased contact surface of the briquettes with the binding material. In terms of strength, a bonding material that penetrates the voids is beneficial in that the areas where cohesive forces act can be increased. Furthermore, this is advantageous in relation to the insulating properties of the briquette stack, because it reduces the thermal and sound bridges more due to the greater distribution of the binding material on the briquette. Due to the excellent insulating properties of the material, especially polyurethane foam, it is possible to save on the usual insulating materials. In addition, such a design also represents the absence of one work step in the production of briquettes.

Alternatively, the gaps can also be filled with other insulating materials, such as, for example, Styrofoam, insulating wool, insulating wool or the like, which increase thermal and sound insulation.

In addition, the briquettes can have openings on the bonding surfaces for the reception of the bonding material. With these openings on the bonding surfaces of the briquettes, which are facing each other, it is achieved that the polymer material that can expand finds a suitable support and thus enables an exceptionally stable connection between the briquettes. The combination of the used bonding material and the appropriate construction of the briquettes on the bonding surfaces enables the production of briquette joints that have an outstanding load-bearing capacity, without the need for additional reinforcing elements, such as overstressed elements made of iron and, or areas that have been cast from concrete. Thus, on the one hand, the weight of the stack of briquettes is reduced, which significantly facilitates handling and transport. In addition, the thermal insulation properties of such a stack of briquettes generally correspond to any of the briquettes used and they are not reduced due to thermal bridges due to inclusions of concrete or the like. It is possible to produce such stacks of briquettes particularly quickly and at a favorable price, because the briquettes only have to be glued together. This can be done both manually and automatically. In addition, such briquette stacks have particularly good properties in the event of a fire, because there can be no breakage of, for example, supports or the like, as with ordinary briquette stacks, due to the different coefficients of expansion of bricks, iron reinforcement and concrete. Openings on the bonding surfaces of the briquettes can be made simply as holes or slits. They can be produced primarily automatically after the production of briquettes. The openings can reach a part of the area of the height of the briquette or also over the entire height of the briquette.

It is useful that the openings on the bonding surfaces of the briquettes reach at least partially into the voids of the briquettes and that the bonding material is at least partially located in the voids. In this way, the material of the bonding material, which can expand, can be stretched across the opening all the way to the gap and thus it develops a particularly high tensile strength. The bonding material thus creates a kind of bearing over the openings and gaps.

Especially when using such polyurethane foams, it is expedient that at least the voids connected to the openings on the bonding surfaces of the briquettes are completely filled with the bonding material. This not only increases the tensile strength of the briquette stack, but also improves the thermal and sound insulation properties.

In order to increase the load-bearing capacity of such briquette joints even more, at least one reinforcing element, for example a reinforcing fabric or a reinforcing bar, is located on at least one surface of the interconnected briquettes and is glued to it. The reinforcement element protects the briquette stack also during transport from damage due to inadmissible forces. The reinforcing element can be made of glass fiber fabric, which on the one hand is light and can stick well to the surface of the briquettes to be joined, and on the other hand has good strength properties and is also difficult to burn.

On the surface of the stack of briquettes, on which there is at least one reinforcement element, a groove or the like can be made to receive the reinforcement element, especially the reinforcement bar.

Even better properties are achieved if there is at least one reinforcing element on the upper side as well as on the lower side of the interconnected briquettes. In this case, the reinforcement elements can be glued as part of the production process or also only on the construction site. For groups of several layers of briquettes stacked on top of each other with reinforcement elements placed between them for special requirements, elements with even higher load-bearing capacity can be produced. In addition to the glass fiber fabric, other materials can also be used for the reinforcement elements, such as artificial carbon fiber fabrics, Kevlar or the like.

To make supports, supports or similar, briquettes are arranged in a row on top of each other. In this way, as already mentioned, supports can be made for making the upper edge of a wall opening, such as a window or door opening, but also supports for balconies or the like.

In this case, it is useful if the height of the stack of briquettes generally corresponds to the height of the adjacent briquette. This enables the rapid construction of a building with appropriate wall openings, because the position of the briquettes above the support or similar does not have to be upgraded with specially finished or properly cut briquettes, but can be further built together with the briquettes, such as, for example, bricks of standard height.

When the briquettes are stacked on top of each other in one plane, roof elements or the like can be made. Flat stacks of briquettes can also be made by stacking several above-mentioned supports, supports or the like in rows one on top of the other, whereby in each case there is a reinforcing layer between them.

Furthermore, it is also possible to create stair elements by placing suitable briquettes that partially overlap.

In order to obtain a stack of briquettes with better insulating properties, it is planned to combine at least one insulating layer of polymer material that can expand with the briquettes.

Furthermore, at least one insulating layer can be placed between the briquettes, whereby the insulating layer is connected to the briquettes with an expandable polymeric material and in any case, several insulating layers are interconnected with the same material. They can be produced as two-layer or multi-layer briquettes, which, in addition to excellent stability, also have excellent U-values.

The proposed invention will be explained in more detail using the attached drawings. Thereby

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a stack of briquettes built from several briquettes;

Figure 2 shows a section through a part of a stack of briquettes in the area of the junction of two briquettes;

figure 3a and figure 3b show a section through a stack of briquettes in the area of the connection of two briquettes according to the proposed invention;

Figure 4 shows a section through a two-layer stack of briquettes;

Figure 5 shows a section through a two-layer stack of briquettes between which there is an insulating layer;

Figure 6 schematically shows the construction of a common window support in the wall of a house with one window opening;

Figure 7 shows schematically the construction of a stack of briquettes according to the invention, which is made as a window support in the wall of a house with one window opening;

Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a stack of briquettes made of a series of interconnected briquettes;

figure 9 shows a horizontal section through the stack of briquettes from figure 8 in an enlarged scale in the area of the junction of two briquettes;

Figure 10 and Figure 11 show two versions of the openings on the connecting surfaces of the briquettes;

figures 12 and 13 show in perspective the layouts of further examples of briquette syllables according to the invention;

Figure 14 shows in perspective the appearance of a stack of briquettes on which there are slats for reinforcement;

Figure 15 shows a section through the stack of briquettes from Figure 14;

figure 16 shows the version according to figure 15;

Figure 17 shows the planar stack of briquettes; and

Figure 18 shows a section of a stack of briquettes in the form of stairs, or an element for stairs.

Figure 1 shows a stack of briquettes 1 of interconnected briquettes 2, such as, for example, bricks. The briquettes 2 are placed one on top of the other in the usual way, and a polymeric material is used as a binding material 3 that can expand. Bonding material 3 can be applied flat, along lines or dotted. The application of the bonding material 3 can be carried out, for example, with a gun or the like. Briquette 2 can have voids 5, which can be filled with binding material 3 or with another insulating material 4. The number and shape of voids 5 can be arbitrary. Also, all gaps 5 do not have to be filled with bonding material 3 or with other insulating materials. According to the invention, the connecting surfaces of the briquettes 2 are made in such a way that a gap for the glue is obtained which is mostly constant and as small as possible.

Figure 2 shows a section through the stack of briquettes 1 in the area of the junction of two briquettes 2, as it appears in accordance with the state of the art. In the case of briquettes 2, especially bricks, which usually have a relatively irregular bonding surface 12, they therefore have a gap for glue of irregular width d, which goes from the minimum value of d1 to the maximum value of d2. Due to the fact that the bonding surface 12 of the briquettes 2 to be joined does not run parallel, on the one hand, the consumption of bonding material 3 increases, and on the other hand, the strength of the briquette stack 1 is limited. Such concave constructions of the bonding surfaces 12 are especially common in brick production.

Figure 3a shows a cross-section through a stack of briquettes 1 in the area of two briquettes 2 according to the proposed invention, wherein the connecting surfaces 12 of the briquettes 2 are designed or made so as to obtain a gap for the glue that is mostly constant and as small as possible. The term "mainly" means that the surface of the bonding surfaces 12 is understandably rough to a certain extent, which, viewed macroscopically and microscopically, naturally leads to certain deviations in the gap width for the adhesive. The stack of briquettes 1 according to Figure 3a has the advantage that little bonding material 3 is needed for the joint and, furthermore, due to the small width of the gap for the adhesive, an optimal joint of briquettes 2 with excellent strength, but also excellent insulating properties is obtained.

Figure 3b shows a version of the connection of two briquettes 2, in which the connecting surfaces 12 are not flat, but to prevent lateral sliding of the briquettes 2, they have complementary shaped depressions and protrusions. It is important that the gap width for the glue is mostly constant and that it preferably does not exceed a certain maximum value. Of course, within the framework of the proposed invention, it is possible that along a certain part of the area of the bonding surfaces 12, such as, for example, in the vertical parts of the area in Figure 3b, the width of the gap for the adhesive deviates from the width of the remaining gap for the adhesive.

Figure 4 shows a section through a stack of briquettes 1, which consists of several briquettes 2, 2' placed one above the other and one next to the other, so that a two-layer stack of briquettes 1 can be produced. All briquettes 2, 2' are connected to each other with a binding material 3 according to the invention, which is a polymeric material that can expand.

Fig. 5 shows a stack of briquettes 1 which is further expanded in relation to the stack of briquettes from Fig. 4, in which between the two stacks of briquettes there is an insulating layer 6 which is also glued by means of a binding material 3 to the briquettes 2, 2'. By using a special insulating layer 6, such as, for example, vacuum insulation, a stable stack of briquettes 1 with outstanding insulating properties can be obtained in this way. For example, a two-layer briquette stack of 25 cm wide gap bricks, with a 4 cm thick vacuum insulation board and a further brick layer of 10 cm wide gap bricks joined with polyurethane foam, which has a U value of 0, can be built. 1 W/m2K. A two-layer stack of briquettes with gaps 30 cm wide, a vacuum insulation board 4 cm thick and a further layer of bricks with gaps 17 cm wide has exactly a U value of 0.09 W/m2K. Such a U value could be obtained with a conventional briquette stack only with the use of particularly thick insulating layers, such as, for example, 50 cm thick Styrofoam layers.

Figure 6 shows the side view of part of the wall of the building made of a large number of briquettes 2. There is a window opening 7 in the wall, in which a window is installed. To make the upper end of the window opening 7, a prefabricated support, the so-called support 8, is placed on the constructed wall. To make this possible, the support 8 has a length that is greater than the width of the window opening 7. Conventional supports 8 are most often made of concrete and in any case have metal reinforcements, they are relatively heavy. In order to keep this weight within limits, the height of the support 8 is usually less than the height of the briquettes 2. This of course makes it difficult to produce a wall with a window opening 7 and the like, because the briquettes 2'', which are located directly over the support 8, have to be properly trim so that a plane is obtained again for the opposite position on the briquette 2.

Figure 7 shows the schematic construction of the embodiment form of the stack of briquettes 1 as the upper limit of the opening 7 for the window in the wall built from a large number of briquettes 2. The stack of briquettes 1 is primarily made of the same briquettes 2 as the remaining part of the wall.

Figure 8 shows in perspective the appearance of such a stack of briquettes 1, which is built from five briquettes 2, especially bricks. Briquettes 2 have gaps 5, which on the one hand reduce the weight of briquette 1, and on the other hand improve heat and sound insulation. In the gaps 5 there can also be insulating elements (not shown). According to the invention, the briquettes 1 are connected to each other by means of a binding material 3, which is made of a polymer material that can expand.

The detail in Figure 9 shows a horizontal section through part of the stack of briquettes 1 according to Figure 8 in the area of two briquettes 2 placed next to each other. On the bonding surfaces 12, which are located opposite each other, of the briquette 2, there can be openings 9 that reach primarily all the way to the gaps 5 located behind the bonding surfaces 12. The bonding material 3 is located both on the bonding surface 12 of the briquette 2, and also in openings 9 and partially in the gaps 5. By using a material that can expand for the connection, a particularly good and stable connection between the briquettes 2 is achieved. In addition, the bonding material 7 in the gaps 5 serves as insulation. The voids 5 that are not connected to the openings 9 can also be filled with bonding material 3, thereby increasing the heat and sound insulation of the stack of briquettes 1. The briquettes 2 can have complementary bonding elements on the bonding surfaces 12 that are opposite each other. These connecting elements can be made, for example, of slots 10 and corresponding segments 11.

Figure 10 shows the appearance of an example of briquette 2 in perspective on the bonding surface 12. On the bonding surface 12 there can be grooves 10 into which the corresponding segments 11 of the briquette 2 are engaged and to be connected, thus achieving a better and safer connection. The openings 9 are made with holes 13 that reach primarily all the way to the gaps 5 located behind the bonding surface 12, so that the bonding material 3 through the holes 13 can penetrate at least partially into the gaps 5 and can create a kind of bearing.

In the version of the embodiment in Figure 11, the openings 9 are made by means of gaps 14, which also primarily reach the gaps 5 behind the bonding surface 12, so that the binding material 3 can penetrate forward to the gaps 5 through the gaps 14. The gaps 14 can go over the entire height of the briquette 2 or also only over part of the height of briquette 2.

Figure 12 shows in perspective the appearance of the stack of briquettes 1, which consists of several briquettes 2, are connected to each other in accordance with the above description. To reinforce the stack of briquettes 1, the reinforcing fabric 15, which is made, for example, of glass fibers, is located on the upper or lower side of the stack of briquettes 1. The reinforcing fabric 15 is first applied with the same bonding material 3 that is used for joining briquette 2.

Figure 13 shows a schematic perspective view of the construction of two stacks of briquettes 1 from Figure 12, which can achieve greater load capacity.

Figure 14 shows in perspective the appearance of the stack of briquettes 1, which consists of several briquettes 2, whereby there are two slats 16 for reinforcement on the upper side of the stack of briquettes 1.

As can be seen in Figure 15, the reinforcement strips 16 may be located on the upper side of the briquette stack 1 and they are preferably glued.

In the version shown in Figure 16, in the surface of the stack of briquettes 1, there are slots 17 into which slats 16 are placed for reinforcement. This results in a mostly flat surface of briquette stack 1.

Fig. 17 shows a stack of briquettes 1 viewed from above, where a plurality of briquettes 2 are placed flush next to each other to build a roof or roof element. A fabric 15 for reinforcement can also be placed over the briquettes 2 placed next to each other.

Finally, figure 18 shows the construction of several briquettes 2, which partially overlap and are glued together, which can be used to create stairs or a staircase element. At the same time, the bonding material 3 is applied to the bonding surface of the briquette 2, which also reaches into the gaps 5, thereby creating a stable connection. The fabric 15 for reinforcement can also be glued to the upper or lower side of the stack of briquettes 1.

According to the proposed invention, different stacks of briquettes can be produced only using common briquettes 2, especially bricks, and with the use of polymer material that can expand as a binding material 3. Stacks of briquettes can be built from all forms of building elements, especially brick shapes.

In the following, the strength of such a stack of briquettes will be further explained with the help of a further example. Three stacks of briquettes were built from flat bricks with dimensions of 25-50 cm and each was 2 m2 in size. The flat bricks are placed on top of each other in a staggered arrangement, with conventional polyurethane foam used as a binding material. At the same time, the foam is sprayed pointwise, as well as along a line, and also flat on the surface of flat bricks. The three walls were built at temperatures of +18°C, +8°C and -5°C. To test the holding of the building after the PUR foam solidification time of approximately half an hour to 1 hour, the wall was raised using a crane. Cracks or detached bricks could be observed; however, the individual briquettes remained in harmony. The tensile forces introduced with the crane were approximately 3 t/m2. As a further test to check the strength, as well as the load capacity after the solidification of the PUR foam, the wall was hit with a hammer. Only parts of the bricks yielded to these forces, but not the connected polyurethane foam. Further tests also showed the suitability of briquette stacks built in this way in earthquake areas. Furthermore, good edge properties were achieved, for example briquette stacks constructed according to the invention reached the fire protection class F180, while it was sufficient to satisfy the fire protection class F60 to F90. Thermal decomposition of the binding material occurred only on the side of the briquette stack that was facing the fire. On each side of the briquette stack in the areas facing the fire, the binding material remained unchanged.

Claims (28)

1. The procedure for joining briquettes when making stacks of briquettes, whereby the bonding material, which is solid in its final state, is applied in a liquid state to at least one bonding surface of one briquette and the briquette to be joined is laid down or placed on that bonding surface, wherein a polymeric material based on polyurethane that can expand is applied to at least one bonding surface (12) as a bonding material (3), indicated by the fact that the briquettes (2) that want to be connected to such bonding surfaces (12) are made and aligned one on the other so as to obtain an adhesive gap of generally constant width (d) preferably less than 1 mm. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one bonding surface (12), preferably each bonding surface (12) of each briquette (2) to be joined is sanded before applying the bonding material (3). 3. The method according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the bonding material (3) consists of at least two components, which are brought into contact before being applied to the bonding surface (12). 4. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that additives are added to the bonding material (3) before application to the bonding surface (12). 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bonding material (3) is applied pointwise to at least one bonding surface (12) of the briquettes (2) to be joined. 6. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bonding material (3) is applied along at least one line to at least one bonding surface (12) of the briquettes (2) to be bonded. 7. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bonding material (3) is applied flat on at least one bonding surface (12) of the briquettes (2) to be bonded. 8. The method according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gaps (5) in the briquette (2) are also filled with the binding material (3). 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the filling of gaps (5) with bonding material (3) is performed simultaneously with the application of bonding material (3) to at least one bonding surface (8) of the briquettes (2) to be connected. 10. The method according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one bonding surface (8) of the briquettes (2) to be bonded is pre-processed before applying the bonding material (3), for example moistened. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the briquettes (2) are connected to at least one insulating layer (6), whereby an expandable polymeric material is used as the connecting material (3). 12. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the briquettes (2) are connected into a multi-layer stack of briquettes (1), where there is at least one insulating layer (6) between individual stacks of briquettes (1), and for which the insulating layer (6) and the briquettes (2) and in any case several insulating layers (6) are connected to each other with a polymer material that can expand. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the stack of briquettes (1), made of briquettes (2), is reinforced by applying reinforcing elements, such as, for example, reinforcing fabric (15) or reinforcing slats , (16) along at least one surface of the briquette stack (1). 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one groove (17) or something similar is made in at least one surface of the briquette stack (1), i.e. something similar for receiving a reinforcing element, for example a reinforcing bar (16). 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (15, 16) are glued to the stack of briquettes (1) preferably using an expandable polymer material. 16. A stack of briquettes (1) with a larger number of individual briquettes (2) which are connected to each other by means of a binding material (3) in the form of a polymeric material based on polyurethane foam which can expand, characterized by the fact that the adhesive gap between the two connected briquettes (2 ) has a generally constant width (d) of preferably no more than 1 mm. 17. A stack of briquettes according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one connecting surface (12) of the connected briquettes (2) is ground. 18. Stack of briquettes according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the briquettes (2) are connected with a multi-component material. 19. A stack of briquettes according to any of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the briquettes (2) have gaps (5). 20. Stack of briquettes according to claim 19, characterized in that the gaps (5) are filled with insulating material (4). 21. A stack of briquettes according to any of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the briquettes (2) on the bonding surface (8) have openings (9) for receiving the bonding material (3). 22. A stack of briquettes according to claim 21, characterized in that the openings (9) on the bonding surface (12) reach at least partially to the gaps (5) and that the bonding agent (3) is located at least partially in the gaps (5). 23. A stack of briquettes according to any of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that at least the voids (5) connected to the openings (9) are completely filled with binding material (3). 24. A stack of briquettes according to any of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that on the surface of the briquettes (2) to be joined, there is at least one element for reinforcement, for example fabric (15) for reinforcement or slats (16) for reinforcement and that she is blinded with him. 25. A stack of briquettes according to claim 24, characterized in that the surface on which at least one reinforcing element is located has a groove (17) or something similar for receiving the reinforcing element, especially the reinforcing slat (16). 26. A stack of briquettes according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that on the upper and lower sides of the briquettes (2) connected to each other, there is in each case at least one element for reinforcement. 27. A stack of briquettes according to any of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that at least one insulating layer (6) of expandable plastic material is connected to the briquettes (2). 28. A stack of briquettes according to any of claims 16 to 27, characterized in that between the briquettes (2) there is at least one insulating layer (6), wherein the insulating layer (6) is connected to the briquettes (2) and in any case more insulating layers (6) are interconnected with a polymer material that can expand.