GB801988A - Improvements in reciprocating internal combustion engines, steam engines and compressed air engines - Google Patents

Abstract

801,988. Engine construction. WATERVAL, W. May 27,1955, No. 15378/55. Classes 7(2) and 7(3) [Also in Group XXVI] General construction. A cylindrical jacket 12, Fig. 1, which is mounted upon the crankcase 10, has an annular partition 15 disposed coaxially therein so forming an inner cylinder 22 and an annular cylinder 24 each having a piston 25, 26, respectively, therein; the cylinders are closed by a head 19 bolted to the jacket and partition. The pistons 25, 26 are connected to a common crankshaft 28 through connecting rods 31, 32 with 180 degrees phase displacement, the annular piston 26 having two rods 32 arranged near the ends of that piston diameter which is parallel to the crankshaft. In the two-stroke engine shown, piston controlled inlet and exhaust passages 39 and 40, Fig. 2, in the jacket 12, Fig. 1, serve both cylinders, although the inlet to and exhaust from the inner' cylinder requires the additional provision of passages 48 through the annular piston. Three fuel injectors 35 and 50 are located in the head as shown, the injectors 50 being aligned with the rods 32 and having a combined delivery equal to the delivery of the injector 35. In a four-stroke engine the inlet and exhaust are effected through valves in the cylinder head. The fuel injectors are replaced by sparking plugs if the engine is to function on the Otto cycle; the engine may be double-acting, or have more than one cylinder unit. Coolant. Coolant passageways 59, 60, and, 61 provided in the jacket, partition and head respectively, are interconnected by channels 62 in the head. The piston 25 is cooled by lubricant traversing a duct 75a in the connecting rod 31, a duct 91 in the cross head 86 and a tube 90 before flowing into the hollow piston head 25b; the lubricant drains from the latter into the crankcase via a tube 92 and a duct 94. Piston, construction. The piston 26, Fig. 5, comprises four annuli 26a, 26b, 26c and 26d with a cap 26e, the five members being secured together by a tie 65; the annuli 26b and 26d carry the inner and outer piston rings 66, 66a and 68, 68a, respectively The annuli 26b, 26c and 26d are formed with voids to reduce weight. The main piston has piston rings 84, 85 and both pistons are provided with cross heads which facilitate dismantling thereof. Lubricating. The outer piston is lubricated by forcing oil through a crankshaft passageway 74, Fig. 1, from whence it flows through passages 75, 76 and 78 in the rods 32, wrist pins 34 and the bottom annuli 26a respectively; ducts 79, Fig. 5, between the piston annuli enables the lubricant to flow into all the piston parts especially round the exhaust passages 48. Oil also flows through holes 80 and 81 with check valves, not shown, to the piston rings. The oil may enter the piston assembly through one rod and leave through the other. The inner piston may be similarly lubricated.