GB602591A - Improvements in or relating to the electro-deposition of metals - Google Patents

Abstract

Polyethers of the general formula R1X((R2O)n(R3On1))n11R4, where X is oxygen or NH or sulphur, R1 and R4 are hydrogen, hydroxyl or a monovalent organic radical, R2 and R3 are bivalent hydrocarbon radicals and n, n1 and n11 are integers are employed as addition agents in electroplating baths. Reference is made to Specifications 592,442 and 595,148. In addition to general methods of preparation of the polyethers described in the above-mentioned Specifications, the following specific preparations are described: (a) ethylene oxide is passed through molten beta-naphthol to which 0.5 per cent of sodium was added as catalyst until approximately 15 molecular equivalents of ethylene oxide have combined with 1 molecular equivalent of beta-naphthol; (b) the following are obtained by similar methods to the above: (i) a compound having 1 molecular equivalent of para-hydroxydiphenyl to 13 of ethylene oxide; (ii) a compound having 1 molecular equivalent of terpineol to 12 of ethylene oxide; (iii) a compound having 1 molecular equivalent of mercaptobenzathiazole to 18 of ethylene oxide; (iv)phenol polyethylene oxides having molecular equivalents of 1 : 6, 1 : 11 and 1 : 14; (v) pinene mercaptan polyethylene oxide having a molecular ratio 1 : 11; (c) ethylene oxide is bubbled through lauryl thiocyanate catalysed with sodium until materials having molecular ratios 1 : 6, 1 : 15 and 1 : 26 were obtained, the larger figures representing the molecular proportions of ethylene oxide; (d) ethylene oxide is passed through molten octadecyl alcohol until 20 molecular equivalents of ethylene oxide have reacted with the alcohol. Specifications 346,550, 380,431, 406,443, 420,137, 420,518, 432,356, 434,424, 465,048, 488,907 and 505,016 also are referred to.ALSO:Polyethers of the general formula <FORM:0602591/IV(b)/1> where X is oxygen or NH or sulphur, R1 and R4 are hydrogen, hydroxyl or a monovalent organic radical, R2 and R3 are bivalent hydrocarbon radicals and n, n1 and n11 are integers employed as addition agents in electroplating baths other than those for tin and lead. Reference is made to Specifications 592,442 and 595,148 wherein the use of polyethers in tin and lead baths respectively is described. In addition to general methods of preparation of the polyethers described in the abovementioned Specifications, the following specific preparations are described: (a) Ethylene oxide is passed through molten beta-naphthol to which 0.5 per cent of sodium was added as catalyst until approximately 15 molecular equivalents of ethylene oxide have combined with 1 molecular equivalent of beta-naphthol. (b) The following are obtained by similar methods to the above: (i) a compound having 1 molecular equivalent of para-hydroxydiphenyl to 13 of ethylene oxide; (ii) a compound having 1 molecular equivalent of terpineol to 12 of ethylene oxide; (iii) a compound having 1 molecular equivalent of mercaptobenzathiazole to 18 of ethylene oxide; (iv) phenol polyethylene oxides having molecular equivalents of 1 : 6, 1 : 11 and 1 : 14; (v) pinene mercaptan polyethylene oxide having a molecular ration 1 : 11. (c) Ethylene oxide is bubbled through lauryl thi<\>pocyanate catalysed with sodium until materials having molecular ratios 1 : 6, 1 : 15 and 1 : 26 were obtained, the larger figures representing the molecular proportions of ethylene oxide. (d) Ethylene oxide is passed through molten octadecyl alcohol until 20 molecular equivalents of ethylene oxide have reacted with the alcohol. Specifications 346,550, 380,431, 406,443, 420,137, 420,518, 432,356, 434,424, 465,048, 488,907 and 505,016 also are referred to.