GB2515196A - Laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficiently recovering nickel resources - Google Patents

Laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficiently recovering nickel resources Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2515196A
GB2515196A GB1411522.4A GB201411522A GB2515196A GB 2515196 A GB2515196 A GB 2515196A GB 201411522 A GB201411522 A GB 201411522A GB 2515196 A GB2515196 A GB 2515196A
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Prior art keywords
nickel
laterite
hearth furnace
processing method
nickol
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GB201411522D0 (en
Inventor
Daohong Wu
Jingjing Wang
Zhicheng Cao
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Beijing Shenwu Environmental and Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Shenwu Environmental and Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of GB2515196A publication Critical patent/GB2515196A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/02—Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/021—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficiently recovering nickel resources, which can save the early pellet processing cost and improve the recovery rate of nickel. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) laterite-nickel ore classification: crushing and screening the laterite-nickel ore; adding the reducing coal and fluxing agent into the laterite-nickel ore being larger than 2 mm and directly feeding the mixture into a rotary hearth furnace; adding the reducing coal and fluxing agent into the laterite-nickel ore being smaller than 2 mm and pressing the mixture into carbon-containing pellets by a pellet press; and drying the carbon-containing pellets and feeding the pellets into the rotary hearth furnace; (2) pre-reduction: feeding the carbon-containing pellets into a heat-accumulation type coal-based rotary hearth furnace, and performing high-temperature quick reduction in the furnace, the reduction temperature being from 1,200°C to 1,300°C, and the reduction time being from 20 min to 45 min; (3) melting: feeding the discharge product of the rotary hearth furnace into a melting device for slag-iron separation to produce nickel-iron alloy; and (4) levigation, sorting and melting: crushing the melting slag obtained by Step (3), performing ore grinding and magnetic separation, and returning the metal iron powder after the magnetic separation to the melting device in Step (3) for slag-iron separation to obtain the nickel-iron alloy.

Description

LATERITE-NICKEL ORE PROCESSING METHOD FOR EFFICIENT NICKEL
RESOURCE RECOVERY
Field at the Invention
The present invention relates to a nickel resource rocovory method, in particular to a laterite-nickel ore processing method for effcient nickel resource recovery.
Background of the Invention
As stainless steel and special steel materials are applied widely, the demand for nickel that is used as a raw material for stainless steel production is increasingly high, directly resulting nickel price soaring in the world. Nickel has become a significant influencing factor for the stainless steel industry. At present, laterite-nickel ore is mainly processed through the following fire treatment processes: "sintered ore -small furnace process for smelting and production of low ferro nickel alloy (containing 1-4% nickel): this process has the following drawbacks: small furnaces have problems such as low utilization coefficient, high energy consumption, instable ferro nickel quality, and severe pollution, etc. Presently, the process has been banned by the state.
"sintering -blast furnace smelting" process: this process has the following drawbacks: the sintering treatment has high energy consumption and severe environmental pollution; since coke is used as the reducer, the smelting cost is high, the operating environment is harsh, and the process may cause environmental pollution.
"rotary kiln -electric furnace smelting" process: this process has the following drawbacks: the reduction temperature in the rotary kiln is not high (only approx. 800°C), and the pre-reduction result is poor; the process is only suitable for processing of laterite-nickel ore with nickel grade higher than 1.5%; the energy consumption is high, and the process may cause development of rings.
An iron-making process of "direct reduction in coal-fired rotary hearth furnace -melting and separation in gas-fired melting and separation furnace" is disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. CN201110139300.4: mix laterite-nickel ore, coal (reducer), and fluxing agent at an appropriate mix ratio and press the mixture into balls, dry the balls and load them into a rotary hearth furnace for reduction, and then load the product discharged from the rotary hearth furnace into a gas-fired melting and separation furnace for melting and separation, and thereby obtain ferro nickel alloy finally. However, in the raw material processing procedure in the above process, the laterite-nickel ore is completely crushed to a fine size grade and then pressed into balls, without any grading treatment. In addition, tho rollers arc subject to wear in the pressing process, resulting in high cost and energy waste to some extent. When laterite-nickel ore with a low nickel grade (e.g., 1%-I.2%) is treated through that process, it is difficult to achieve 90% or higher nickel recovery rate if no subsequent treatment is made to the product of melting and separation. As a result, nickel resource waste exists.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery, which can save the ball processing cost in the early stage and improve nickel recovery rate.
The laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery that attains the object of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) grading of laterite-nickel ore: crushing and screening the laterite-nickel ore, adding reducing coal and fluxing agent into the laterite-nickel ore in particle size greater than 2mm and then loading the mixture directly into a rotary hearth furnace; adding reducing coal and fluxing agent into the laterite-nickel ore in particle size smaller than 2mm, pressing the mixture into carbonaceous balls in a pelletizer, and then drying the carbonaceous balls and loading them into the rotary hearth furnace; (2) pre-reduction: carrying out quick reduction at 1,200°C-l 300°C reduction temperature for 20min.'45min. in the furnace, after the carbonaceous balls are loaded into the coal-fired regenerative rotary hearth furnace; (3) melting and separation: loading the product discharged from the rotary hearth furnace into a melting apparatus to separate iron from slag and produce ferro nickel alloy at1450°C-1550°C melting temperature for 40min.'-9Omin.; (4) grinding, separation, and remelting: crushing the slag produced through melting and separation in step (3), carrying out grinding and magnetic separation, and then returning the metallic iron powder obtained through magnetic separation to the melting apparatus described in step (3) for slag-iron separation, to obtain ferro nickel alloy.
Proforably, in stop (1), tho woight proportions of raw matorials aro: latorito-nickol oro: parts, roducing coal: 5-20 parts, fluxing agont: 0-is parts.
Proforably, tho roducing coal is mill coal.
Proforably, tho fluxing agont is soloctod from ono or moro of limo stonos, quicklimo, limo, sodium carbonato, and dolomito.
Proforably, tho carbonacoous balls in stop (1) aro driod in a chain-typo grato, and tho high-tomporaturo fluo gas producod in tho rotary hoarth furnaco in stop (2) is fod into tho chain-type grate for drying the carbonaceous balls.
Preferably, the inlet flue gas temperature of the chain-type grate in step (2) is 250°C-350°C, and the outlet flue gas temperature is 90°C-1 50°C.
Proforably, a rollor-typo pollotizor or disc pollotizor is usod to pross tho latorito-nickol oro in particlo sizo smallor than 2mm into carbonacoous balls in stop (1).
Proforably, tho rotary hoarth furnaco usod in stop (2) is a coal-f irod rogonorativo rotary hearth furnace, and the heat value of the fuel is 800kcal/Nm3-9,000kcal/Nm3.
Proforably, tho molting apparatus in step (3) comprises a molting and separation apparatus such as electric arc furnace, intermediate frequency furnace, or submerged arc furnace, etc. Tho latorito-nickol oro procossing mothod for officiont nickol rosourco rocovory in tho prosont invontion has tho following bonoficial offocts: 1. In the laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery in tho prosont invontion, tho raw matorial is gradod, and thoroforo a part of tho raw matorial is not includod in tho ball prossing-drying procoss, and thoroby tho production cost is reduced.
2. The method disclosed in the present invention is applicable to a wide variety of raw matorials, and can bo usod to procoss latorito-nickol oro with nickol grado as low as 1.0%.
3. With the method disclosed in the present invention, the nickel recovery rate can be as high as 92%; thus, the nickel resource can be recovered and utilized as far as possible, and the method is helpful for mitigate today's situation of critical shortage of nickel resource.
4. In the method provided in the prosont invention, mill coal can be used as the roducer directly; thus, the cokng cost can be eliminatod, and the onvironmontal pollution of coking can be reduced.
5. The reducer and fluxing agent used in the present invention are simple, widely available, and low in prico; therefore, the production cost can be reduced.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is a flow diagram of the laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery disclosed in the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
Hereunder the laterite-nickel ore processing method disclosed in the present invention will be detailed with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of the laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery disclosed in the present invention.
In the laterite-nickel ore processing method disclosed in the present invention, mill coal is used as the reducer, and fluxing agent is added as required or not added; the laterite-nickel ore is pre-reduced in a rotary hearth furnace, to reduce the nickelous oxide in the laterite-nickel ore into metallic nickel and reduce the iron into metallic iron partially; in the reduction process, the fluxing agent is helpful for increasing the activity of the oxides and decreasing the temperature of reduction initiation. The product discharged from the rotary hearth furnace is treated in a melting and reduction apparatus. In the melting process, the fluxing agent is helpful for adjusting the alkalinity of the material and decreasing the melting point of the material, so that the material can form a molten phase in a low temperature range and aggregate to form ferro nickel alloy product; then, the slag is ground and separated, and the obtained iron concentrate powder is returned to the melting and reduction apparatus for remelting to obtain ferro nickel alloy product; in that way, a close loop is formed, in order to further recover the ferro nickel in the slag and improve the nickel recovery rate.
Embodiment 1 Mixing laterite-nickel ore that contains 1.18% nickel and 10.64% iron with mill coal in the following weight proportions without adding fluxing agont: laterite-nickel ore: 100 parts, mill coal: 10 parts; wherein, laterite-nickel ore in 2mm-8mm particle size is mixed with coal to homogeneous state and then directly loaded into a coal-fired regenerative rotary hearth furnace, without treatment by ball pressing; laterite-nickel ore in particle size smaller than 2mm is mixed with coal to homogeneous state and then the mixture is pressed into balls, and the balls are dried in a chain-type grate and then loaded into the coal-based regenerative rotary hearth furnace; the mixture of laterite-nickel ore and coal is treated in the coal-fired regenerative rotary hearth furnace for reduction at 1,280°C temperature for 35mm. The high-temperature flue gas discharged from the rotary hearth furnace is used for drying the balls before it is returned to the furnace; the product discharged from the rotary hearth furnace is loaded into a melting furnace and treated at 1,430-1,550°C temperature for 1 h, to obtain a part of ferro nickel alloy product and slag; the slag is cooled down and then treated by grinding -magnetic separation, wherein, the grinding fineness in the grinding procedure is controlled to a level that the particles in 0.074mm size account for 65%, and the magnetic separation is carried out at 200KA/m magnetic intensity; the iron concentrate powder obtained through magnetic separation is returned to the melting furnace for remelting, to obtain another part of ferro nickel alloy product. Next, the product indexes of the two parts of ferro nickel alloy are treated by weighted averaging, to obtain the overall indexes of ferro nickel product as follows: nickel grade: 10.87%, iron grade: 75.58%, nickel recovery rate: 92.3%, utilization ratio of flue gas in rotary hearth furnace: 70%.
Embodiment 2 Mix laterite-nickel ore that contains 1.35% nickel and 18.08% iron with mill coal and lime by the following weight proportions: laterite-nickel ore: 100 parts, mill coal: Ii parts, lime: 5 parts; wherein, laterite-nickel ore in 2mm -8mm particle size is mixed with coal and lime to homogeneous state and then directly loaded into a coal-fired regenerative rotary hearth furnace without treatment by ball pressing, while laterite-nickel ore in particle size smaller than 2mm is mixed with coal and lime to homogeneous state and then pressed into balls, dried in a chain-type grate, and then loaded into the coal-fired regenerative rotary hearth furnace; the mixture is treated in the coal-based regenerative rotary hearth furnace for reduction at 1,250°C for 40mm.; the high temperature flue gas discharged from the rotary hearth furnace is used for drying the balls before it is returned to the furnace, and the product discharged from the rotary hearth furnace is loaded into a melting furnace and treated at 1,500-1,550°C for 1 h, to obtain a part of ferro nickel alloy product and slag; the slag is cooled down and then treated by grinding -magnetic separation, wherein, in the grinding process, the grinding fineness is controlled at a level that the particles in 0.074mm size account for 75%, and the magnetic separation is carried out at 200KA/m magnetic intensity; the iron concentrate powder obtained through magnotic soparation is moltod and separated again, to obtain another part of forro nickol alloy product. Ncxt, the product indexes of the two parts of forro nickel alloy arc treated by woightod averaging, to obtain the overall indexes of ferro nickel product as follows: nickel grade: 6.56%, iron grado: 84.92%, nickol rocovory rato: 95.6%, utilization ratio of fluo gas in rotary hearth furnace: 7O%.
EmbodimentS Mix laterite-nickel ore that contains 1.51% nickel and 24.68% iron with mill coal and lime by the following weight proportions without adding any fluxing agent: laterite-nickel ore: 100 parts, mill coal: 14 parts; whoroin, latorito-nickol oro in 2mm-6mm particlo sizo is mixed with coal and limo to homogoncous stato and then diroctly loadod into a coal-fired rogonorativo rotary hearth furnaco without troatmont by ball prossing, while latorito-nickol oro in particlo sizo smaller than 2mm is mixed with coal and lime to homogeneous state and then pressed into balls, dried in a chain-type grate, and then loaded into the coal-fired regenerative rotary hearth furnaco; the mixturo is treatod in tho coal-basod rogonorativo rotary hearth furnaco for reduction at 1,300°c for 40mm.; the high temperature flue gas discharged from the rotary hoarth furnaco is usod for drying tho balls bofore it is rcturnod to tho furnace, and tho product dischargod from tho rotary hoarth furnaco is loadod into a molting furnaco and troatod at 1,500-1,550°C for 1 h, to obtain a part of forro nickol alloy product and slag; the slag is cooled down and thon troatod by grinding -magnetic separation, whoroin, in tho grinding procoss, the grinding fineness is controlled at a level that the particles in 0.074mm size account for 70%, and the magnetic separation is carried out at 1 5OKA/m magnetic intensity; the iron concentrate powder obtained through magnetic separation is melted and separated again, to obtain another part of ferro nickel alloy product. Next, the product indexes of the two parts of ferro nickol alloy arc troatod by weighted avoraging, to obtain tho ovorall indoxos of forro nickol product as follows: nickel grado: 8.64%, iron grado: 76.02%, nickol recovory rate: 98.8%, utilization ratio of flue gas in rotary hcarth furnace: 7O%.
It is clearly soon from the above ombodimonts 1-3: with the latorito-nickol ore processing method disclosed in the present invention, the nickel recovery rate is higher than 90%, and tho flue gas from tho rotary hoarth furnace is utilized for drying tho carbonaccous balls, at a utilization rato highcr than 70%.
While the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to some preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these. Those skilled in the art should rocognizc that various variations and modifications can bo mado without doparting from tho spirit and scopo of tho prosont invontion as dofinod by the accompanying claims.

Claims (9)

  1. Claims -A latorito-nickol arc processing methad far efficient nickol resource recovery, camprising the following stops: (1) grading af latorite-nickol are: crushing and screening the latorito-nickol ore, adding reducing coal and fluxing agent inta the laterite-nickel are in particle size greater than 2mm and then loading the mixture directly inta a ratary hearth furnace; adding reducing coal and fluxing agent inta the latorito-nickol are in particle size smaller than 2mm, pressing the mixture inta carbanaceaus balls in a pelletizer, and then drying the carbonaceous balls and loading them inta the ratary hearth furnace; (2) pre-reductian: carrying aut quick reductian at 1,200°C1300°C reductian temperature far 2Omin.-4bmin. in the ratary hearth furnace, after the carbanaceaus balls are laadod inta the caal-firod regenerative ratary hearth furnace; (3) molting and soparatian: laading the praduct discharged fram the ratary hearth furnace into a molting apparatus to soparato iron from slag and produco forra nickol allay at 1450°C-1550°C molting temperature far 40min.-9Omin.; (5) grinding, separatian, and remeting: crushing the slag praduced thraugh melting and separatian in step (3), carrying aut grinding and magnetic soparatian, and then returning the metallic iran pawdor abtainod through magnetic separation to the molting apparatus described in stop (3) for slag-iran separation, to obtain ferro nickel alloy.
  2. 2. The latorito-nickol ore processing method far efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim 1, wherein, the woight proportions of the raw materials in stop (1) aro: latorito-nickol ore: 100 parts, reducing coal: 5-20 parts, fluxing agont: 0-iS parts.
  3. 3. The latorito-nickol ore processing method far efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim 1 or 2, whoroin, tho reducing coal is mill coal.
  4. 4. The laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim I or 2, wherein, the fluxing agent is selected from one or more of lime stone, quicklime, limo, sodium carbonato, and dolomite.
  5. 5. The laterite-nickel ore processing method for officiont nickel resource recovery according to claim 1, wherein, tho carbonaceous balls in stop (1) is dried in a chain-typo grate, and the high temperature flue gas discharged from the rotary hearth furnace in step (2) is fed into the chain-type grate for drying the carbonaceous balls.
  6. 6. The laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim 5, wherein, the inlet flue gas temperature of the chain-type grate in step (2) is 250°C-350°C, and the outlet flue gas temperature is 90°C-1 50°C.
  7. 7. The laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim I, wherein, a roller-type pelletizer or disc pelletizer is used to press the laterite-nickel ore in particle size smaller than 2mm in step (1) into carbonaceous balls.
  8. 8. The laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim I, wherein, the rotary hearth furnace used in step (2) is a coal-tired regenerative rotary hearth furnace, and the fuel has heat value ot 800kcal/Nm3-9,000kcal/Nm3.
  9. 9. The laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficient nickel resource recovery according to claim 1, wherein, the melting apparatus in step (3) is an electric arc furnace, intermediate frequency furnace, or submerged arc furnace.
GB1411522.4A 2012-04-09 2012-04-11 Laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficiently recovering nickel resources Withdrawn GB2515196A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210102397.6A CN102643997B (en) 2012-04-09 2012-04-09 Laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficiently recovering nickel resources
PCT/CN2012/073833 WO2013152487A1 (en) 2012-04-09 2012-04-11 Laterite-nickel ore processing method for efficiently recovering nickel resources

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GB201411522D0 GB201411522D0 (en) 2014-08-13
GB2515196A true GB2515196A (en) 2014-12-17

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CA (1) CA2863423A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2515196A (en)
WO (1) WO2013152487A1 (en)

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