CN100469912C - Process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore - Google Patents
Process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN100469912C CN100469912C CNB2007100347500A CN200710034750A CN100469912C CN 100469912 C CN100469912 C CN 100469912C CN B2007100347500 A CNB2007100347500 A CN B2007100347500A CN 200710034750 A CN200710034750 A CN 200710034750A CN 100469912 C CN100469912 C CN 100469912C
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Abstract
This invention relates to a method for making ferronickel alloys by smelting and recovering laterite nickel ore, which first of all recovers and transforms NiO and hematite in laterite nickel ore to Ni, Fe or Fe3O4, then utilizes wet magnetic selection to enrich ferronickel in great scale and gets rid of matrix, sulfur and phosphor harmful elements and finally to smelt the recovered ferronickel refined ore to prepare ferronickel alloy.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore, belong to the ferrous metallurgy field.
Background technology nickel, chromium are mainly used in smelting stainless steel, and common Ni-based stainless steel must add the nickel of 8%～11% (weight), 18%～20% chromium.The nickel in the whole world about 2/3 is used to produce stainless steel, so the influence that stainless steel industry is consumed nickel occupies the 1st.And can be only limited to two kinds of the nickel sulfide ore on land and nickel oxide ores for the nickel resources of human development utilization at present, wherein about 30% be that sulphide ores, 70% is a nickel oxide ore.The nickel oxide mineral deposit be nickeliferous peridotites in the torrid zone or the subtropical zone form the argillaceous ore of forming by hydrous oxides such as iron, aluminium, silicon that loosens through large-scale secular weathering leaching is rotten.Because the oxidation of iron, ore takes on a red color, so be called as red soil nickel ore (laterite), the adopted part of red soil nickel ore is generally formed by 3 layers: limonite layer Ni content 0.8～1.5%, transition layer Ni content 1.5～1.8%, peat layer Ni content 1.8～3.0%.The technology and the economic target of nickel content restriction exploitation red soil nickel ore.
At present, the red soil nickel ore treatment process of going into operation in the world is as follows:
Be mainly technologies such as blast furnace flow process, Krupp flow process and rotary kiln-electrosmelting, the outer reducing and smelting ferronickel of stove in the thermal process, but need red soil nickel ore to have than higher-grade; Pressurized acid leaching in the wet processing (HPAL), has high requirements to equipment, scale, investment, operation control and ore grade etc. because it adopts the condition of high voltage operation though method has realized industrialization and industrialization, is difficult to generally promote.And under nickel price condition with higher, the method that domestic some areas propose to utilize blast-furnace smelting to prepare nickel-containing molten iron is utilized red soil nickel ore, but production practice show that this method has tangible deficiency: (1) quantity of slag is big (greater than 1120kg/t); (2) basicity of slag is low, unfavorable desulfurization; (3) coke ratio height is greater than 1000kg/t; (4) need to adjust slag viscosity with addition of fluorite; (5) capacity factor of a blast furnace is low; Iron yields poorly; (6) the molten iron phosphorus content is higher; (7) molten iron silicon content is higher, is unfavorable for extra furnace dephosphorization.This method is traditional blast furnace process, the tooling cost height, and environmental pollution is big.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore, the Rhometal of this technology utilization melting and reducing Technological Economy ground preparation different size from red soil nickel ore, be used as the stainless raw material of production high-quality, alleviate the predicament of China's stainless steel industry nickel resources critical shortage.
Process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore, at first nickel oxide in the red soil nickel ore and rhombohedral iron ore prereduction are converted into metallic nickel and metallic iron or Z 250, simultaneously harmful elements such as gangue and sulphur, phosphorus are changed over to nonmagnetics mutually or easily molten vitriol, utilize wet magnetic separation then, make ferronickel significantly enrichment the time, harmful elements such as gangue and sulphur, phosphorus are removed, and the ferronickel concentrate that at last prereduction is obtained carries out melting and reducing and prepares Rhometal.Specific embodiment and parameter are:
With the red soil nickel ore crushing and screening, greater than the lump ore of 5mm directly into chain grate machine-rotary kiln prereduction,-200 order 75-85% are arrived in breeze fine grinding less than 5mm, add compound binding agent, go back raw coal, water go into rotary kiln prereduction after making ball, make that compound binding agent is the mixture of Sodium salts humic acids, unslaked lime and yellow soda ash in the ball process, mixed weight is than being 8:1:1, the compound binding agent add-on is the 1-3% of breeze weight, interior coal blending 3-10%, water add-on 10-15%, the green-ball granularity is 8-16mm.
800-900 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperature, warm up time 15min; The preheating pelletizing directly enters rotary kiln and carries out prereduction.
Prereduction: pelletizing prereduction is carried out in rotary kiln, adopts common or low grade coal is a reductive agent, add-on 800-850kg/t raw ore; 1050-1250 ℃ of pelletizing prereduction temperature, recovery time 70-90min,
Dry type magnetic separation: enter the low intensity magnetic separation machine, separating metal pellet and coal ash after the cooling of prereduction product;
Wet magnetic separation: the broken fine grinding of the magnetic product of prereduction is to-200 order 80-90%, weak magnetic separation process, magnetic separation magneticstrength 80-100 tesla, obtaining the nickel grade is that 2-3%, nickel yield are 90-95%, iron grade 58-68%, iron yield are the ferronickel rough concentrate of 80-85%;
Retailoring: the ferronickel concentrate presses group to enter melting in electric furnace or other smelting furnace, 1500-1550 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 10-15min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 0.7-1.2, obtaining nickeliferous 6-10%, the Rhometal about iron 85-90%, ferronickel yield are greater than 85%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.04%.
The present invention mainly comprises prereduction-magnetic separation-smelting reduction process process, have following characteristics: one, by the attachment function that multifunction additive had, red soil nickel ore is made pelletizing, without roasting directly into the stove reducing roasting, be green-ball directly into stove, nickel oxide is converted into metallic nickel, rhombohedral iron ore is converted into metallic iron or magnetite; Its two, interior coal blending powder is strengthened the prereduction process, accelerates reduction rate, improves output; Its three, wet magnetic separation can remove 40% mine tailing in advance, reduces foreign matter content, one section enrichment makes raw ore nickel bring up to 2-3% by about 1%; Its four, utilize mill coal or a small amount of Jiaozhuo reductive agent, retailoring direct production different size Rhometal, nickel content 6-10% in the alloy, iron level about 90%, the ferronickel yield is greater than 85%, smelting cost is low, environment is good; Its five, smelting temperature is lower in the electric furnace, has only about 1500 ℃, goes into electric furnace and handles material amount only 60%, it is of high grade to go into stove, foreign matter content is low, power consumption and cost reduce; Its six, in electrosmelting, adjust basicity and selective reduction processing condition, improve the Rhometal nickel content, control and reduce harmful element content.At last, pellet or lump ore carry out preheating on chain grate machine before entering rotary kiln, remove crystal water, help cutting down the consumption of energy, and save cost.
Description of drawings Fig. 1: technical process of the present invention
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the multifunction additive consumption is 1%, in join 3% and go back raw coal and make ball, red soil nickel ore nickel grade 0.85%, iron grade 50.03%; 890 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperatures, warm up time 15min; 1050-1100 ℃ of pelletizing prereduction temperature, recovery time 70-90min goes back raw coal addition 850kg/t; The broken fine grinding of prereduction product is to-200 orders 80%, and magnetic separation magneticstrength 80 teslas obtain the nickel grade and be 2.10%, the nickel yield is 95.12%, and iron grade 68.72%, iron yield are 82.21% ferronickel rough concentrate; The ferronickel concentrate presses group to enter electrosmelting, 1500-1550 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 10min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 1.0-1.2, obtain nickeliferously 6.2%, the Rhometal of iron about 88.5%, ferronickel yield are greater than 85%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.04%.
Embodiment 2: the multifunction additive consumption is 1%, in join and go back raw coal 4.5%; Red soil nickel ore nickel grade 1.38%, iron grade 48.90%; 890 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperatures, warm up time 15min; 1090-1140 ℃ of pelletizing prereduction temperature, recovery time 80-95min goes back raw coal addition 850kg/t; The broken fine grinding of prereduction product is to-200 orders 80%, and magneticstrength 85 teslas obtain the nickel grade and be 2.60%, the nickel yield is 94.08%, and iron grade 68.25%, iron yield are 83.77% ferronickel rough concentrate; 1510-1550 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 9min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 1.0-1.2, obtaining nickel 7.85%, the Rhometal of iron about 89.06%, ferronickel yield are greater than 86%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.039%.
Embodiment 3: the multifunction additive consumption is 1.2%, and ball is made in interior coal blending 4.5%, red soil nickel ore nickel grade 1.54%, iron grade 39.45%; 900 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperatures, warm up time 15min; 1050-1100 ℃ of prereduction temperature, recovery time 80-100min goes back raw coal addition 850kg/t; The broken fine grinding of prereduction product is to-200 orders 80%, and magneticstrength 110 teslas obtain the nickel grade and be 2.85%, the nickel yield is 93.69%, and iron grade 66.97%, iron yield are 86.89% ferronickel rough concentrate; 1520-1560 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 10min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 1.0-1.1, obtaining nickel 8.78%, the Rhometal of iron about 90.08%, ferronickel yield are greater than 85.07%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.037%.
Embodiment 4: the multifunction additive consumption is 1.2%, and ball is made in interior coal blending 4.5%, red soil nickel ore nickel grade 1.83%, iron grade 26.90%; 890 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperatures, warm up time 15min; 1050-1100 ℃ of pelletizing prereduction temperature, recovery time 85-100min goes back raw coal addition 850kg/t; The broken fine grinding of prereduction product is to-200 orders 81.9%, and magneticstrength 175 teslas obtain the nickel grade and be 2.98%, the nickel yield is 93.08%, and iron grade 39.38%, iron yield are 85.68% ferronickel rough concentrate; The ferronickel rough concentrate is pressed group's fed to boiler melting, 1500-1540 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 9min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 1.0-1.2, obtaining nickel 9.44%, the Rhometal of iron about 88.06%, ferronickel yield are greater than 84.5%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.04%.
Embodiment 5: the multifunction additive consumption is 1%, and ball is made in interior coal blending 5%, red soil nickel ore nickel grade 2.38%, iron grade 20.24%; 890 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperatures, warm up time 15min; 1090-1140 ℃ of pelletizing prereduction temperature, recovery time 90-100min goes back raw coal addition 848kg/t; The fine grinding of prereduction product is to-200 orders 82.5%, and magneticstrength 180 teslas obtain the nickel grade and be 3.24%, the nickel yield is 92.23%, and iron grade 35.27%, iron yield are 85.34% ferronickel rough concentrate; The ferronickel rough concentrate is pressed group's fed to boiler melting, 1510-1550 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 9min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 1.0-1.2, obtaining nickel 10.76%, the Rhometal of iron about 85.24%, ferronickel yield are greater than 84.3%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.048%.
Embodiment 6: and the red soil nickel ore lump ore (5-25mm), red soil nickel ore nickel grade 2.38%, iron grade 20.24%; 910 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperatures, warm up time 20min; 1090-1140 ℃ of prereduction temperature, recovery time 90-100min goes back raw coal addition 840kg/t; The fine grinding of prereduction product is to-200 orders 82.5%, and magneticstrength 180 teslas obtain the nickel grade and be 3.14%, the nickel yield is 92.19%, and iron grade 34.58%, iron yield are 84.79% ferronickel rough concentrate; The ferronickel rough concentrate is pressed group's fed to boiler melting, 1510-1550 ℃ of retailoring temperature, smelting time 9min, basicity of slag (CaO/SiO
2) 1.0-1.2, obtaining nickel 9.88%, the Rhometal of iron about 84.37%, ferronickel yield are greater than 85.01%, and sulphur phosphorus is lower than 0.042%.
Claims (1)
1. process for preparing nickel ferroalloy by melting and reducing laterite nickel ore, it is characterized in that: at first nickel oxide in the red soil nickel ore and rhombohedral iron ore prereduction are converted into metallic nickel and metallic iron or Z 250, simultaneously gangue and sulphur, phosphorus harmful element are changed over to nonmagnetics mutually or easily molten vitriol, utilize wet magnetic separation then, make ferronickel significantly enrichment the time, gangue and sulphur, phosphorus harmful element are removed, and the ferronickel concentrate that at last prereduction is obtained carries out melting and reducing and prepares Rhometal; Specific embodiment and parameter are:
With the red soil nickel ore crushing and screening, greater than the lump ore of 5mm directly into chain grate machine-rotary kiln prereduction,-200 order 75-85% are arrived in breeze fine grinding less than 5m, add compound binding agent, go back raw coal, water go into rotary kiln prereduction after making ball, make that compound binding agent is the mixture of Sodium salts humic acids, unslaked lime and yellow soda ash in the ball process, mixed weight is than being 8:1:1, the compound binding agent add-on is the 1-3% of breeze weight, interior coal blending 3-10%, water add-on 10-15%, the green-ball granularity is 8-16mm;
800-900 ℃ of pelletizing preheating temperature, warm up time 15min; The preheating pelletizing directly enters rotary kiln and carries out prereduction;
Prereduction: pelletizing prereduction is carried out in rotary kiln, adopts common or low grade coal is a reductive agent, add-on 800-850kg/t raw ore; 1050-1250 ℃ of pelletizing prereduction temperature, recovery time 70-90min,
Dry type magnetic separation: enter the low intensity magnetic separation machine, separating metal pellet and coal ash after the cooling of prereduction product;
Wet magnetic separation :-200 order 80-90% are arrived in the broken fine grinding of the magnetic product of prereduction, weak magnetic separation process, and magnetic separation magneticstrength 80-100 tesla obtains the ferronickel rough concentrate;
Retailoring: the ferronickel concentrate presses group to enter electrosmelting, 1500-1550 ℃ of retailoring temperature, and smelting time 10-15min, basicity of slag 0.7-1.2 obtains nickeliferous 6-10%, the Rhometal of iron 85-90%.
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