GB2500062A

GB2500062A - Alcohol composition for use as solid fuel or sanitising agent

Info

Publication number: GB2500062A
Application number: GB1204205.7A
Authority: GB
Inventors: David W Knight; Ian R Morgan
Original assignee: B C B INTERNAT Ltd; BCB International Ltd
Current assignee: B C B INTERNAT Ltd; BCB International Ltd
Priority date: 2012-03-09
Filing date: 2012-03-09
Publication date: 2013-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 2032-03-09
Also published as: GB2500062B; GB201204205D0

Abstract

There is provided a composition comprising: (a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more alcohols; (b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH, 0-alkyl, 0-hydroxyalkyl and/or 0-alkoxyalkyl; (c) from about 1 to about 25 % by weight of one or more carboxylic acid salts; and (d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water. Specifically preferred components are: - ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol and methylated spirits; - hydroxyethyl, hydroxyethylmethyl, methyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; - sodium palmitate, sodium stearate. The composition may be used as a fuel or sanitising agent. Also disclosed is a process for making the composition and a kit containing the composition.

Description

Alcohol-Containing Compositions

The present invention relates to novel alcohol-containing compositions, methods of producing such compositions, and uses, methods and products relating to the same.

5

In particular, the present invention relates to compositions comprising an organic alcohol, a non-ionic cellulose derivative and a carboxylic acid salt, which compositions may be useful as solid fuels.

10 The listing or discussion of a prior-published document in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgment that the document is part of the state of the art or is common general knowledge.

Fluid fuels (such as liquids and gases) are routinely used for heating and cooking

15 purposes in circumstances where a transportable and easy to use fuel source is required. Such fuels can also be used in the domestic environment, for example in cases where a mains supply of gas and/or electricity is not available, or outdoors (for example, as part of camping equipment).

20 The use of fluid fuels, in contrast to the use of various solid fuels, has advantages including increased ease of combustion. Further, the combustion of fluid fuels (particularly liquids) typically provides a higher energy yield than combustion of naturally-occurring solid fuels (such as wood and coal).

25 Nevertheless, although liquid fuels are typically easier to handle than gases, the high degree of flowability inherent in such substances creates significant risks associated with the potential for leakage during transport and use. Moreover, as flammable liquids are typically highly volatile, the use of most fluid fuels poses significant hazards resulting from the potential for the leakage of flammable gases.

30

As an alternative to the use of fluid fuels, synthetic solid fuels have been developed. An example of an artificial solid fuel is the hexamine fuel tablet, which consists of a mixture of hexamine (hexamethylenetetramine) and 1,3,5-trioxane, and which is sold commercially as Esbit®. However, the use of hexamine fuel tablets has numerous

35 disadvantages. For example, combustion of such fuel tablets is known to result in the production of highly toxic gases (such as formaldehyde, ammonia, nitrogen oxide and hydrogen cyanide), ingestion of which may lead to nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal

1

disturbances, kidney damage and, if ingested in sufficient quantities, death (see the Material Data Safety Sheet (MSDS) for Esbit®).

The use of liquid fuels having increased viscosity has also been investigated. Such fuels 5 have been produced, for example, through the use of thickening agents to create viscous solutions of ethanol and/or methanol. However, although such fuels are often referred to as "gels", these compositions are not gels in accordance with the true meaning of the term. This is because, although they may be highly viscous, they exhibit a degree of flow. As a result, such compositions do not eliminate disadvantages associated with fluid 10 fuels. For example, these flammable compositions may leak from packaging materials and contaminate surrounding areas, thereby creating a risk to safety during transport and/or use.

In view of the above, it can be seen that there remains a need for alternatives to existing 15 fuel sources, particularly alternatives that avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages.

We have now found, surprisingly, that such a fuel source may be obtained by the use of compositions comprising one or more organic alcohols, one or more nor>ionic cellulose derivatives, one or more carboxylic acid salts and, optionally, water.

20

Thus, according to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a composition comprising:

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more alcohols; 25 (b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH, O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

(c) from about 1 to about 25 % by weight of one or more carboxylic acid salts; and

30 (d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water,

which compositions are herein referred to as "compositions of the invention".

In respect of the first aspect of the invention, the percentage of components (a) to (d) is a 35 percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the composition. In other words, the presence of other components (i.e. other than components (a) to (d)) in the composition is not relevant to the calculation of the

2

percentage of components (a) to (d) present in the composition. Further, each percentage represents the total amount of the corresponding component present in the composition. For example, the respective percentages of components (a) to (d) include all substances falling under the definition of each component that is present in the

5 composition.

In particular, the skilled person will understand that, by virtue of their amounts being defined as a percentage, the combined total of the percentages indicated in respect of components (a) to (d) will equal 100% (i.e. the combined total cannot exceed 100%).

10

Further, the skilled person will understand the term "about" to mean within a reasonable degree of accuracy of the amount indicated. For example, where a percentage is indicated as a whole number, this may include amounts that correspond to said amount when rounded up or down (as appropriate) to the nearest whole number. Moreover,

15 where a percentage is indicated to one decimal place, this may include amounts that correspond to said amount when rounded up or down (as appropriate) to a value indicated to one decimal place. As such, the term "about" may be deleted from definitions provided herein without changing the meaning of the respective definition.

20 In respect of component (d), the skilled person will understand that 0% indicates that no appreciable amount of said component is present in the composition. In particular, the skilled person will understand that 0% indicates that none of the relevant component was added during preparation of the composition. As a result, the composition may also be described as "optionally" comprising component (d).

25

In an alternative embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, certain compositions may be described as "essentially water free". In this context, the term "essentially water free" can be taken as referring to compositions comprising less than 5% by weight of water (such as less than 2%, particularly less than 1%, and more particularly less than

30 0.1% by weight).

Unless otherwise specified, C^q alkyl groups (where q is the upper limit of the range) defined herein may be straight-chain (i.e. linear) or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of three, as appropriate) of carbon atoms, be branched-chain (i.e.

35 branched). The same applies to the alkyl portion of alkoxy and hydroxyalkyl groups.

3

Unless otherwise specified, C1<t alkenyl groups (where q is the upper limit of the range) defined herein may be straight-chain (i.e. linear) or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of four, as appropriate) of carbon atoms, be branched-chain (i.e. branched).

Unless otherwise specified, alkynyl groups (where q is the upper limit of the range) defined herein may be straight-chain (i.e. linear) or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of five, as appropriate) of carbon atoms, be branched-chain (i.e. branched).

In particular embodiments of the first aspect of the invention, components (a) to (d) are as indicated below.

Component (a)

15

The term "alcohol" will be well understood by those skilled in the art as referring to a compound containing an OH group bound to an organic moiety (i.e. containing a C-OH moiety).

20 When used herein, the term "organic" includes references to uncharged chemical compounds (other than carbon, oxides of carbon, or acids of (bi)carbonate, cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate or fulminate), whose molecules contain carbon.

The term "uncharged", when used herein in relation to component (a), refers to alcohols 25 that do not bear a permanent positive or negative (electrostatic) charge on any atom within the molecule. In this respect, uncharged organic compounds are those that comprise a single, covalently-bonded molecule and that are not separated into cationic and anionic components.

30 In a particular embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, component (a) consists of one or more CrC8 (e.g. CrCe, C1.5, C-m, C^ or C1.2, such as Ci or C2) linear or, where possible, branched (e.g. linear) alkyl moieties substituted with at least one (such as two or, particularly, one) hydroxyl group(s).

35 -In a further embodiment, component (a) consists of one or more (e.g. one or two) alcohols selected from the group consisting of: n-butanol and, in particular, ethanol, methanol and 2-propanol; and/or the alcohol component of industrial methylated spirits.

4

For example, component (a) may consist of the alcohol component of industrial methylated spirits (IMS). In this regard, the skilled person will understand that "industrial methylated spirits" refers to the commercially-available substances commonly marketed 5 under that name, and which typically comprise denatured ethanol (i.e. a mixture of ethanol and methanol) and optionally one or more taste modifier (e.g. a bittering agent), colorant, agent that causes the solution become undrinkable and/or agent intended to hamper attempts to reverse the denaturing process. In particular, IMS may contain pyridine and/or one or more ketone (such as acetone).

10

Embodiments of the first aspect of the invention that may be mentioned include those wherein component (a) consists of:

ethanol;

a mixture of ethanol and 2-propanol (e.g. wherein the mixture consists of about 15 0.5 to 10% (such as about 5%) by weight of 2-propanol and the remainder of the mixture is ethanol); or a mixture of ethanol and methanol (such as denatured ethanol, and/or wherein the mixture consists of about 0.5 to 20% (such as about 10%) by weight of methanol and the remainder of the mixture is ethanol).

20

In further embodiments of the first aspect of the invention (including in respect of the embodiments referred to above), component (a) may be present in an amount that is about 65 to 95% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 70 to 92% or, particularly, 75 to 90% 25 (e.g. 79 to 89%) by weight.

Component (b)

The term "alkyl cellulose derivative", when used herein in relation to component (b), 30 refers to chemical compounds derived from cellulose wherein a proton on at least some of the cellulose hydroxy groups has been replaced with an alkyl group.

When used herein in respect of the component (b), the term "alkyl" refers to linear or branched (saturated) alkyl chains (e.g. alkyl, such as alkyl chains), optionally 35 substituted as defined above (e.g. with one or more -OH group, such as one -OH group). In a particular embodiment, component (b) may be referred to as consisting of one or more O-alkyl cellulose derivatives and/or O-hydroxyaikyl cellulose derivates, particularly

5

wherein the term "alkyl" refers to (e.g. C^, C-m or C^3) alkyl groups and the term "hydroxyalkyl" refers to (e.g. C-1.5, C-m or alkyl groups substituted with one or more (e.g. one) OH group.

5 The (mean) average number of substituted hydroxyl groups per monomer in the cellulose polymer (i.e. per glucose molecule) may be referred to as the degree of substitution (DS). In respect of component (b), the alkyl cellulose derivative will typically have a DS of from 0.2 to 3 (such as from 1 to 2.8, e.g. from 1.3 to 2.6).

10 For example, component (b) may consist of one or more cellulose derivatives represented by formula I,

15 wherein: each of Ra to Rc is independently H or a (e.g. Ci_5, C^or C^) alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. one) OH group, provided that at least one of Ra to Rc is other than H in at least 20% (e.g. in at least 30, 40, 50 or 60%) of the monomers present; and n is a suitable integer representing the number of glucose monomers present in the cellulose polymer.

In a more particular embodiment, component (b) consists of one or more (e.g. one or two) cellulose derivatives selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. In particular, component (b) may consist of one or more 25 (e.g. one or two, such as one) cellulose derivates selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.

In further embodiments of the first aspect of the invention (including in respect of the embodiments referred to above), component (b) may be present in an amount that is 30 about 0.7 to 10% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of

RbCk RCQ

n

20

6

components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 0.8 to 5% or, particularly, 1 to 3% (e.g. 1.1 to 2.5%) by weight.

Component (c)

5

The term "carboxylic acid salt", when used herein in relation to component (c), refers to molecules (compounds) that contain at least one negatively-charged carboxylate group (i.e. a carboxylic acid group in respect of which the acidic proton has been removed) with a positively-charged counter ion (particularly a positively-charged metal ion). Such 10 compounds may also be referred to as carboxylates and/or carboxylate salts.

In a particular embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, component (c) consists of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salts having a counter ion selected from the group consisting of Ca2+, Li+, K+ and Na+. In particular, component (c) may 15 consist of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salts wherein the counter ion is Na+.

In a further embodiment, component (c) consists of one or more (such as one or two, e.g. two) carboxylic acid salts formed from C10-20 (e.g. C12-20, Ci0_i8, C14-20 or C14-18, such 20 as C16-18 or C-16 and/or C-|8) alkyl, C10-20 (e-9- C12-201 C14-20 or C14-18. such as C-i6-i8 or C16 and/or C-|8) alkenyl or C10-20 (©-9- Ci2-2o> Cio-is> C14-20 or Ci4_i8, such as C-i6-i8 or C16 and/or C18) alkynyl carboxylic acids. In particular, component (c) may consist of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salt obtainable from (e.g. formed from) a C10.20 (e.g. C12_20i C10-18, C14-20 or C14-is, such as C16.i8 or C16 and/or C18) alkyl (in particular, a 25 linear alkyl) having one carboxylic acid moiety. More particularly, component (c) may consist of one or more (such as one or two, e.g. two) carboxylic acid salts obtainable from (e.g. formed from) a C10-i8 linear alkyl having one carboxylic acid moiety.

In a further embodiment, component (c) consists of at least two (e.g. three or, 30 particularly, two) different carboxylic acid salts (such as those described in the above-mentioned embodiments, e.g. the embodiment mentioned directly above).

As used herein in respect of carboxylic acid salts, the term "different" includes references to the carboxylic acid salts referred to having different chemical structures. In particular, 35 the term may refer to carboxylic acid salts formed from carboxylic acids having different chemical structures (e.g. different empirical chemical formulae). Mixtures of (at least two) different carboxylic acid salts may be obtained by forming salts of carboxylic acids

7

obtained from natural sources, such as plant and animal oils/fats (e.g. hydrogenated and saponified animal fats, such as Pristerine™, and/or hydrogenated and saponified palm oil). In particular, component (c) may consist of a mixture of different carboxylic acid acids, such as a mixture consisting of predominantly (e.g. > 90% by weight) C16 and C18 5 carboxylic acid salts, such as the relevant sodium salts (and wherein the remainder may consist of corresponding C14, C15 and/or C17 carboxylic acid salts).

For example, carboxylic acid salts falling under the definition of component (c) may be represented by formula II,

10

[R-C(0)0 ]n Mn+ II

wherein: R represents C10-20 (e.g. C12-201 C10-181 C-i4_2o or Ci4_i8, such as C-i6-i8 or C16 and/or C-is) alkyl, C10-20 (e-9- C12-201 C-io-i8> C14-20 or Ci4_i8> such as C16-18 or C16 and/or C-ts) 15 alkenyl or C10-20 (e.g. C12-201 C10-181 C14-20 or Ci4-i8> such as C16-18 or C16 and/or Cis) alkynyl (in particular, C10-20 (e-9- C12-201 C10-181 C14-20 or C14.181 such as C16-18 or C-i6 and/or Cis) alkyl); M represents a metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Li, K and Na (in particular, Na); where M represents Li, K and Na, n represents 1; and where M represents Ca, n represents 2.

20

In a particular embodiment, component (c) consists of two or more different carboxylic acid salts defined by formula II above (e.g. two salts defined by a different formula II).

In a more particular embodiment, component (c) consists of one or two carboxylic acid 25 salts selected from the group consisting of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate. In particular, component (c) may consist of a mixture of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate (such as a roughly equal mixture).

In further embodiments of the first aspect of the invention (including in respect of the 30 embodiments referred to above), component (c) may be present in an amount that is about 1 to 15% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 2 to 10% or, particularly, 3 to 6% (e.g. 3.7 to 5.4%) by weight.

8

Component (d)

In further embodiments of the first aspect of the invention, the amount of component (d) is 0 to about 25% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of 5 components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 0 to 20.0% or, particularly, 0 to 15.0% (e.g. 0 to 14.8%) by weight.

In yet further embodiments, component (d) may be present in an amount that is about 1 to 25% by weight, such as 2 to 20% or, particularly, 5 to 15% (e.g. 5.6 to 14.8%) by 10 weight.

In particular embodiments of the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition comprising:

15 (a) from about 60 to about 98% (such as about 65 to 95%, 70 to 92% or, particularly, 75 to 90%) by weight of

(i) one or more alcohols selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol and 2-propanol, or

(ii) the alcohol component of industrial methylated spirits;

20

25

(b) from about 0.7 to 10% (such as 0.8 to 5% or, particularly, 1 to 3%) by weight of one or more (e.g. one or two) cellulose derivatives selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl celloulose;

(c) from about 1.5 to 15% (such as 2 to 10% or, particularly, 3 to 6%) by weight of one or more carboxylic acid salts selected from the group consisting of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate (such as a roughly equal mixture of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate); and

(d) from 0 to about 25% (such as 0 to 20% or, particularly, 0 to 15%) by weight, or alternatively about 1 to 25% (such as 2 to 20% or, particularly, 5 to 15%) by weight, of water.

35 In a certain embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the composition further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of colorants (such as methyl violet (also known as meths colorant) and/or malachite green), stabilizing

30

9

agents, taste modifiers (such as bitter tasting substances, e.g. denatonium benzoate (Bitrex®)) and antibacterial agents (such as Triclosan and/or antibacterial agents derived from natural sources, such as Tea Tree oil).

5 In an alternative embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, there is provided a composition consisting of components (a) to (d) as defined in respect of any embodiment referred to above (and, optionally, a colorant, stabilizing agent, taste modifier and/or antibacterial agent, as defined above).

10 Compositions of the invention may be obtained by forming a homogenous mixture of components (a) to (d) as defined in respect of the first aspect of the invention.

Thus, according to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a composition obtainable via a process involving forming a homogenous mixture of:

15

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more organic alcohols;

(b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH, O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

20 (c) from about 1 to about 25 % by weight of one or more carboxylic acid salts;

and

(d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water.

Moreover, according to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for 25 preparing a composition as defined in the first aspect of the invention, wherein the process comprises forming a homogenous mixture of:

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more organic alcohols;

(b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose 30 derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more

OH, O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

(d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water.

35

In respect of the second and third aspects of the invention, the percentage of components (a) to (d) is a percentage by weight of the combined weight of components

10

(a) to (d) introduced in order to form the mixture (i.e. in the complete process). Further, each percentage represents the total amount of the corresponding component utilised as part of the process.

5 The components (a) to (d) may be mixed in any order. For example, at least some or all of components (a), (b) and (d) may be mixed together first and then component (c) (and, if relevant, the remainder of components (a), (b) and (d)) added to the mixture so formed. As another example, at least some or all of components (a) to (d) may be mixed together simultaneously.

10

The term "homogeneous", when used herein in relation to the present invention, refers to a composition having (or appearing to have) only one phase. In other words, visual inspection of the material (composition) will not allow for identification of separate materials within the composition. Such compositions may also be referred to as being 15 monophasic (i.e. having (or appearing to have) only one phase).

In particular embodiments of the second and third aspects of the invention, the nature and amount of each of components (a) to (d) is as defined in respect of any embodiment of the first aspect of the invention.

20

The process for obtaining compositions of the invention may comprise the steps of heating a mixture comprising at least part of each of components (a) to (d) until the mixture becomes homogenous, and then cooling the mixture so obtained.

25 Thus, in a particular embodiment of the second and third aspects of the invention, the process for forming the composition comprises the steps of:

(i) heating a mixture comprising at least some of (e.g. all of) each of components (a) to (c) and, where present, component (d), until the mixture becomes homogenous; and

30 (ii) cooling the mixture so obtained.

In particular embodiments of the second and third aspects of the invention that may be mentioned:

step (i) is performed whilst the mixture is being stirred; and/or 35 - step (ii) is performed in a mould defining a desired shape for the cooled1

mixture.

11

In a more particular embodiments of the second and third aspects of the invention, step (i) consists of the steps of:

(ia) heating a mixture of at least some of (e.g. all of) each of components (a) and (b) and, where present, component (d), until component (b) is dissolved in

5 component (a); and then

(ib) adding at least some of (e.g. all of) component (c) and heating until the mixture becomes homogenous.

As used herein, the term "dissolved" refers to a state where none of the substance being 10 dissolved is visible as a solid in the solution. As a result, the term includes references to a "homogenous" mixture being formed.

In respect of the above-mentioned embodiment, it is specifically contemplated that:

steps (ia) and/or (ib) may be performed whilst the mixture is being stirred; 15 - where component (d) is present in the composition, all of component (d) is present in step (i) (or, where relevant, step (ia)).

In a further embodiment of the second and third aspects of the invention, in step (i) (or, where relevant, step (ia) and/or step (ib)) of the process the mixture is heated to a 20 temperature of from 40°C to the boiling point of the mixture. In particular, the mixture may be heated to the boiling point of the mixture. Such temperatures may be from 40 to 70°C (such as from 50 to 65°C, for example around 65°C).

In a yet further embodiment of the second and third aspects of the invention, in step (i) 25 (or, where relevant, step (ia) and/or step (ib)) of the process the mixture may be heated at increased (i.e. greater than atmospheric) pressure (for example, at temperatures discussed in respect of the embodiment mentioned directly above or at the boiling point at the mixture at the relevant increased pressure).

30 In certain embodiments of the second and third aspects of the invention that may be mentioned, the process is conducted in the substantial absence of:

(a) a carboxylic acid (i.e. a molecule (compound) that contains at least one carboxylic acid group (i.e. in which the acidic proton is present)), such as a carboxylic acid corresponding to the carboxylic acid salt of component (c); and/or 35 (b) a strong base.

12

As used herein, the term "substantial absence" can be taken as referring to the presence of less than 5% by weight (such as less than 2%, particularly less than 1%, and more particularly less than 0.1% by weight) of the substance referred to.

5 As used herein, the term "strong base" refers to a substance that is sufficiently basic that it could deprotonate (e.g. achieve more than 50% deprotonation of) a carboxylic acid (such as the corresponding carboxylic acid of a carboxylic acid salt falling within the definition of component (c) above). For example, such bases may have a pKb (in water at 25°C) of less than 4 (e.g. less than 3 or, particularly, less than 2). Such bases may 10 include hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

In a certain embodiment of the second and third aspects of the invention that may be mentioned, the process is performed using only one or more pre-formed carboxylic acid salts in respect of component (c) (and therefore does not involve forming component (c) 15 in situ).

In a certain embodiment of the first, second and third aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof), the composition may be referred to as being:

(i) a solid; and/or 20 (ii) a gel.

As used herein, the term "gel" takes its true meaning, and therefore includes references to substantially dilute crosslinked systems that exhibit no flow. Such gels may also be referred to as a "true gel".

25

As used herein, the term "solid" takes its normal meaning, and therefore includes references to substances demonstrating (significant) structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume (e.g. substances which exhibit no flow). In particular, the term "solid" may refer to substances characterised by their resistance to penetration. For 30 example, when examined under the procedure set out at Example H below, such "solid" substances may be found to have a yield point of greater than 200 grams (for example, greater than 250 grams) or, in certain cases, greater than 400 grams (for example, greater than 450 grams, such as greater than 800 grams).

35 In a further embodiment of the first, second and third aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof), the composition may be referred to as being amorphous.

13

As used herein, the term "amorphous" takes its normal meaning, and therefore includes references to a non-crystalline solid.

In a yet further embodiment of the first, second and third aspects of the invention 5 (including all embodiments thereof), the composition may be referred to as being homogeneous.

In view of the above, the skilled person will understand that more than one description of the composition may apply. For example, the composition may be homogenous and a 10 gel (and/or a solid).

In a certain embodiment of the first, second and third aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof), the composition may be referred to as being flammable. Such compositions may also be referred to as being combustible. In particular, either term will 15 be understood as including references to a substance that ignites and burns upon application of a source of ignition (e.g. a naked flame) and when in contact with atmospheric oxygen (for example, at atmospheric pressure and at 15°G).

Particular embodiments of the first, second and third aspects of the invention (i.e. 20 compositions of the first and second aspects of the invention, and processes of the third aspect of the invention) that may be mentioned include those of Examples A to G herein.

Compositions of the invention may be useful as fuels (for example, as solid fuels and/or fuel gels).

25

Thus, in a fourth aspect of the invention there is the use of a composition as defined in respect of first and/or second aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof) as a fuel (such as the use as a solid fuel and/or as a fuel gel).

30 Further, in a fifth aspect of the invention, there is a method of generating heat comprising the step of igniting (or causing to be ignited) a composition as defined in respect of first and/or second aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof).

Due to their high alcohol content, compositions of the invention may be useful as 35 sanitizing agents (for example, as hand and/or surface sanitizing agents).

14

Thus, in a sixth aspect of the invention there is the use of a composition as defined in respect of first and/or second aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof) as a sanitizing agent (for example, as a hand and/or surface sanitizing agent).

5 Further, in a seventh aspect of the invention, there is a method of sanitizing a surface comprising the step of applying to that surface a composition as defined in respect of first and/or second aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof).

As used herein, the term sanitizing takes its normal meaning, and therefore includes 10 references to the agent causing a reduction in the amount of bacteria present on the surface to the composition is applied. In this regard, the skilled person will understand that the level of reduction in the amount of bacteria on a surface can be determined by measuring the amount of bacteria on said surface, using techniques known to those skilled in the art, before and after application of the composition as defined in respect of 15 first and/or second aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof). The level of reduction in the amount of bacteria may be defined as a 50% reduction in the number of bacterial cells on within a particular area of said surface to which the composition has been applied (such as 80% or more particularly 90% (e.g. 99%)).

20 In respect of the seventh aspect of the invention, the term "applying" includes references to rubbing the composition on the surface to which it is being applied.

As indicated above, in a particular embodiment of the seventh aspect of the invention, the surface is an area of skin (such as human skin, for example a human hand).

25

Particular embodiments of the seventh aspect of the aspect of the invention that may be mentioned include those in which the composition further comprises an antibacterial agent (such as Triclosan).

30 Compositions of the invention may be provided as part of products comprising such compositions contained within a packaging material.

Thus, in an eighth aspect of the invention there is provided a product comprising:

(I) a composition as defined in respect of the first and/or second aspects of the 35 invention (including all embodiments thereof); and

(II) a packaging material,

wherein the composition (I) is at least partially contained within the packing material (II).

15

In a particular embodiment of the eighth aspect of the invention, the packaging material is made of a combustible material. In particular, the packaging material may be formed from paper (such as wax-coated paper) and/or plastic. For example, the packaging may 5 be designed such that the composition (I) may be ignited via ignition of the packaging material (II).

In a further embodiment of the eight aspect of the invention, the product may consist of multiple (i.e. more than one, such as from 2 to 100) discrete units of the composition (I) 10 (such as multiple sachets or sealed tubs containing the composition (I)).

In particular products that may be provided in accordance with the eighth aspect of the invention, the composition of the invention may be packed in 20 mL to 100 mL (e.g. 35 mL) burnable sachets with a ethanol resistant lining (e.g. to meet air freight hazard 15 regulations). Such sachets (e.g. where 35 mL sachets, having a 30 g approximate weight) may be packed in burnable cartons (possibly waxed) containing 8 or 10 (particularly 8) such sachets. These can be bulk packed in cardboard boxes to a maximum of 10 kg (although the scope could be widened in the bulk pack to a 12 kg absolute maximum).

20

Compositions of the invention and products comprising such compositions may also form a part of larger products designed for the burning of such compositions.

Thus, in a ninth aspect of the invention there is provided a kit-of-parts comprising: 25 (A) a composition as defined in respect of the first and/or second aspects of the invention (including all embodiments thereof), or a product as defined in respect of the eighth aspect of the invention (including all embodiments thereof);

and

30 (B) a cooking apparatus,

wherein component (A) is configured for use with the cooking apparatus (B).

In a particular embodiment of the ninth aspect of the invention, the cooking apparatus (B) is selected from the group consisting of a portable stove (such as a camping stove), an 35 indoor fire, an outdoor food cooking apparatus and a plate warmer.

16

In a certain embodiment of the eighth and ninth aspects of the invention that may be mentioned, the product is configured for use as a firelighter.

Compositions of the invention may have the advantage that the compositions formed 5 exhibit no flow and, therefore, reduce the risk of leakage from any packaging material (e.g. during storage and/or transport).

Compositions of the invention may also have the advantage the compositions have substantial structural rigidity (i.e. are resistant to crumbing) and that compression and/or 10 sheering of the composition does not cause a substantial degree of the alcohol and/or water component to be expelled from the composition.

Further, compositions of the invention may have the advantage that they may be formed from formed from materials that may have a natural origin, do not produce highly toxic 15 gases (i.e. gases that are poisonous at low concentration) upon combustion, and that such compositions may be obtainable (e.g. formed) via a process that does not require the use of a strong base (such as sodium hydroxide): In view of these advantages, the compositions and process for their production may be described as "green".

20 Without wishing to be bound by theory, the advantageous properties of the compositions according to the present invention are believed to derive from the ability of the essential cellulose derivative (component (b)) to increase the solubility of and stabilise the essential carboxylic acid salt (component (c)) in the presence of the other components. This results in the cellulose and carboxylic acid components forming a stable matrix 25 within which the alcohol component (component (a)) and, if present, water is provided.

Particular embodiments of the invention (i.e. of the first to ninth aspects of the invention) that may be mentioned include those indicated in the following numbered paragraphs.

30 Paragraph 1. A composition comprising:

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more alcohols;

(b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH,

35 O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

17

(d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water.

Paragraph 2. A composition as defined in Paragraph 1, wherein component (a) consists of one or more CVCs (e.g. CtC4) linear or branched (particularly, linear) alkyl moieties 5 substituted with at least one (such as two or, particularly, one) hydroxyl group(s).

Paragraph 3. A composition as defined in Paragraph 1 or Paragraph 2, wherein component (a) consists of one or more (e.g. one or two) alcohols selected from the group consisting of: ethanol, methanol and 2-propanol; and/or the alcohol component of 10 industrial methylated spirits.

Paragraph 4. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein component (a) consists of:

ethanol;

15 - a mixture of ethanol and 2-propanol (e.g. wherein the mixture consists of about 0.5 to 10% (such as about 5%) by weight of 2-propanol and the remainder of the mixture is ethanol); or a mixture of ethanol and methanol (such as denatured ethanol, and/or wherein the mixture consists of about 0.5 to 20% (such as about 10%) by weight of methanol 20 and the remainder of the mixture is ethanol).

Paragraph 5. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 4, wherein component (a) is present in an amount that is about 65 to 95% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the 25 composition), such as 70 to 92% or, particularly, 75 to 90% (e.g. 79 to 89%) by weight.

Paragraph 6. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 5, wherein component (b) consists of one or more O-alkyl cellulose derivatives and/or O-hydroxyalkyl cellulose derivates.

30

Paragraph 7. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 6, wherein component (b) consists of one or more alkyl cellulose derivates represented by formula I,

18

wherein: each of Ra to Rc is independently H or a (e.g. (^.3) alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. one) OH group, provided that at least one of Ra to Rc is 5 other than H in at least 20% (e.g. in at least 30, 40, 50 or 60%) of the monomers present; and n is a suitable integer representing the number of glucose monomers present in the cellulose polymer.

Paragraph 8. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 7, wherein the 10 alkyl cellulose derivative has a DS of from 0.2 to 3 (such as from 1 to 2.8, e.g. from 1.3 to 2.6).

Paragraph 9. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 8, wherein component (b) consists of one or more (e.g. one or two) alkyl cellulose derivatives 15 selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.

Paragraph 10. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 9, wherein component (b) is present in an amount that is about 0.7 to 10% by weight (i.e. the 20 percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 0.8 to 5% or, particularly, 1 to 3% (e.g. 1.1 to 2.5%) by weight.

Paragraph 11. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 10, wherein component (c) consists of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salts having 25 a counter ion selected from the group consisting of Ca2+, Li+, K+ and Na+ (in particular, Na+).

Paragraph 12. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 11, wherein component (c) consists of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salts formed 30 from C10-C20 (saturated or unsaturated) alkyl carboxylic acids.

19

Paragraph 13. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 12, wherein component (c) consists of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salts formed from C10-20 (6-9- C12-201 C10-181 C-14.20 or C-|4_18, such as Ci6-i8 or C-|6 and/or C-t8) alkyl, C10-20 (e.g. C12-20» C10-18, C14.2o or C14-i8. such as C16-i8 or C16 and/or C18) alkenyl or C10-20 (e.g.

5 C12-2o, C10-18, C14.2o or Ci4.i8, such as.C16.18 or C16 and/or Ct8) alkynyl carboxylic acids (in particular, one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salt obtainable from (e.g. formed from) a Cio~C2o (e.g. Ci2.2o, Cio-i8, C-t4.2o or Ci4.-i8> such as C-i6-is or C16 and/or C-|8) alkyl (in particular, a linear alkyl) having one carboxylic acid moiety).

10 Paragraph 14. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 13, wherein component (c) is represented by formula II,

[R-C(0)0 ]n Mn+ II

15 wherein: R represents C10.20 (e.g. C12.2o, C10.i8, C14.2o or C14.18, such as C16.i8 or C16 and/or C18) alkyl, C10.20 (e.g. C12.20, C10-i8, C14.20 or C14-i8, such as C16-i8 or C16 and/or C18) alkenyl or Ci0-2o (e.g. C12.20, C10-is, C14.20 or C14.18, such as C16.18 or C16 and/or C18) alkynyl (in particular, C10-2o alkyl); M represents a metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Li, K and Na (in particular, Na); where M represents Li, K and Na, n represents 1; and

20 where M represents Ca, n represents 2.

Paragraph 15. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 14, wherein component (c) consists of one or two carboxylic acid salts selected from the group consisting of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate.

25

Paragraph 16. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 15, wherein component (c) consists of a mixture of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate (such as a roughly equal mixture).

30 Paragraph 17. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 16, wherein component (c) is present in an amount that is about 1 to 15% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 2 to 10% or, particularly, 3 to 6% (e.g. 3.7 to 5.4%) by weight.

35 Paragraph 18. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 3, wherein:

20

component (d) is 0 to about 25% by weight (i.e. the percentage by weight of the combined weight of components (a) to (d) in the composition), such as 0 to 20.0% or, particularly, 0 to 15.0% (e.g. 0 to 14.8%) by weight; or component (d) is present in an amount that is about 1 to 25% by weight, such as 2 to 5 20% or, particularly, 5 to 15% (e.g. 5.6 to 14.8%) by weight.

Paragraph 19. A composition as defined in Paragraph 1, wherein the composition comprises:

10 (a) from about 60 to about 98% (such asr about 65 to 95%, 70 to 92% or, particularly, 75 to 90%) by weight of

(ii) the alcohol component of industrial methylated spirits;

15

20

25

(d) from- 0 to about 25% (such as 0 to 20% or, particularly, 0 to 15%) by weight, or alternatively about 1 to 25% (such as 2 to 20% or, particularly, 5 to 15%) by weight, of water.

30 Paragraph 20. A composition obtainable via a process involving forming a homogenous mixture of components (a) to (d) as defined in any one or more of Paragraphs 1 to 19.

Paragraph 21. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 19, wherein the composition further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting 35 of colorants, stabilizing agents, taste modifiers (such as bitter tasting substances, e.g. denatonium benzoate (Bitrex®)) and antibacterial agents.

21

Paragraph 22. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 21, wherein the composition consists of components (a) to (d) (and, optionally, a colorant, stabilizing agent, taste modifier and/or antibacterial agent).

5 Paragraph 23. A composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 22, wherein the composition is described as being one or more of the following:

(i)

a solid;

(ii)

a gel;

(iii)

amorphous;

(iv)

homogeneous;

(v)

flammable;

(vi)

combustible.

Paragraph 24. A process for preparing a composition as defined in any one of 15 Paragraphs 1 to 23, wherein the process comprises forming a homogenous mixture of components (a) to (d) as defined in any one or more of Paragraphs 1 to 19, and wherein the process for forming the composition comprises the steps of:

(i) heating a mixture comprising at least some of (e.g. all of) each of components (a) to (c) and, where present, component (d), until the mixture becomes homogenous;

20 and

(ii) cooling the mixture so obtained.

Paragraph 25. A process as defined in Paragraph 24, wherein step (i) consists of the steps of:

25 (ia) heating a mixture of at least some of (e.g. all of) each of components (a) and (b) and, where present, component (d), until component (b) is dissolved in component (a); and then (ib) adding at least some of (e.g. all of) component (c) and heating until the mixture becomes homogenous.

30

Paragraph 26. A process as defined in Paragraph 24 or Paragraph 25, wherein in step (i) (or, where relevant, step (ia) and/or step (ib)) of the process the mixture is heated to a temperature of from 40°C to the boiling point of the mixture (for example, to the boiling point of the mixture), such as from 40 to 70°C (e.g. from 50 to 65°C, in particular 35 around 65°C)).

22

Paragraph 27. A process as defined in any one of Paragraphs 24 to 26, wherein the process is conducted in the substantial absence of:

(a) a carboxylic acid (i.e. a molecule (compound) that contains at least one carboxylic acid group (i.e. in which the acidic proton is present)), such as a

5 carboxylic acid corresponding to the carboxylic acid salt of component (c);

and/or

(b) a strong base.

Paragraph 28. The use of a composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 23 as 10 a fuel (such as the use as a solid fuel and/or as a fuel gel).

Paragraph 29. A method of generating heat comprising the step of igniting (or causing to be ignited) a composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 23.

15 Paragraph 30. The use of a composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 23 as a sanitizing agent (for example, as a hand and/or surface sanitizing agent).

Paragraph 31. A method of sanitizing a surface comprising the step of applying to that surface a composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 23.

20

Paragraph 32. A product comprising:

(I) a composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 23; and

(II) a packaging material,

25

Paragraph 33. A product as defined in Paragraph 32, wherein the packaging material is made of a combustible material (e.g. paper (such as wax-coated paper) and/or plastic).

Paragraph 34. A product as defined in Paragraph 32 or Paragraph 33, wherein the 30 product consists of multiple (i.e. more than one, such as from 2 to 100) discrete units of the composition (I) (such as multiple sachets or sealed tubs containing the composition (!))■

Paragraph 35. A kit-of-parts comprising:

35 (A) a composition as defined in any one of Paragraphs 1 to 23, or a product as defined in any one of Paragraphs 32 to 34;

and

23

(B) a cooking apparatus,

wherein component (A) is configured for use with the cooking apparatus (B).

Brief Description of the Figures

5

Figure 1 shows the results of the experiment described as Example G.

Figure 2 shows the results of the experiment described as Example H.

10 Examples

In each example referred to below, the sodium palmitate/stearate mixture was obtained from Acros Organics (identified in the relevant Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) as "Stearic acid, sodium salt, mixture of stearic and palmitic fatty chain", Cat No. 15 269880000; 269880010, Synonyms: Octadecanoic acid, sodium salt; Sodium stearate).

Example A

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (4.00 g, 150-400 mPa.s, obtained from TCI UK) was slowly added to a stirring mixture of ethanol (180 mL) and distilled water (20 mL) at room 20 temperature. When the mixture was homogeneous it was heated (65°C) and sodium palmitate/stearate mixture (14.00 g, obtained from Acros) was slowly added and stirring continued until the mixture was homogeneous. Further aliquots of ethanol (180 mL) and 2-propanol (20 mL) were added with continuous heating and stirring and then the mixture was cast into small blocks and allowed to cool, upon which the mixture solidified into an 25 opaque/colourless solid.

Example B

(Hydroxypropyl)methylcellulose (2.00 g, 40-60 mPa.s, obtained from Alfa Aesar) was slowly added to a stirring mixture of Ethanol/2-propanol (50 mL of a 95:5 v/v mixture), 30 distilled water (10 mL) and then heated (65°C) until homogeneous. Sodium palmitate/stearate mixture (7.50 g, obtained from Acros) was slowly added and stirring continued until the mixture was homogeneous. A further aliquot of Ethanol/2-propanol (150 mL of a 95:5 v/v mixture) was added with continuous heating and stirring. The mixture was cast into small blocks and allowed to cool, upon which the mixture solidified 35 intcran opaque/colourless solid.

24

Example C

Methylcellulose (2.50 g, 4000 mPa.s, obtained from Alfa Aesar) was slowly added to a stirring mixture of IMS (50 mL), distilled water (10 mL) and then heated (65°C) until homogeneous. A further aliquot of IMS (50 mL) was added along with sodium 5 palmitate/stearate mixture (7.50 g, obtained from Acros) and the stirring was continued until the mixture was homogeneous. A final aliquot of IMS (100 mL) was added with continuous heating and stirring. The mixture was cast into small blocks and allowed to cool, upon which the mixture solidified into an opaque/colourless solid.

10 Example D

Methylcellulose (5.00 g, 1600 mPa.s, obtained from Alfa Aesar) was slowly added to a stirring mixture of IMS (200 mL), distilled water (30 mL) and then heated (65 °C) until homogeneous. Sodium palmitate/stearate mixture (7.50 g, obtained from Acros) was slowly added and stirring continued until the mixture was homogeneous. The mixture 15 was cast into small blocks and allowed to cool, upon which the mixture solidified into an opaque/colourless solid.

Example E

Methylcellulose (2.50 g, 4000 mPa.s, obtained from Alfa Aesar) was slowly added to a 20 stirring mixture of ethanol (45 mL), distilled water (20 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 24h, until homogeneous. A further aliquot of ethanol (45 mL) was added and the mixture was heated to 65°C and stirred vigourously. Sodium palmitate/stearate mixture (7.50 g, obtained from Acros) and was slowly added and stirring continued for 1h. Ethanol (90 mL) and 2-propanol (20 mL) was added with continuous heating and 25 stirring. The mixture was cast into small blocks and allowed to cool, upon which the mixture solidified into an opaque/colourless solid.

Example F

Ethylcellulose (2.00 g, Sigma Aldrich) was slowly added to a stirring mixture of Ethanol/2-30 propanol (50 mL of a 95:5 v/v mixture), distilled water (10 mL) and then heated (65°C) until homogeneous. Sodium palmitate/stearate mixture (7.50 g, obtained from Acros) was slowly added and stirring continued until the mixture was homogeneous. A further aliquot of ethanol/2-propanol (150 mL of a 95:5 v/v mixture) was added with continuous heating and stirring. The mixture was cast into small blocks and allowed to cool, upon 35 which the mixture solidified into an opaque/colourless solid.

25

Example G: Burn Test

Water (500 ml) at 15°C was placed into a standard issue stainless steel mug (Model ON540 with lid attached). 60 grams of each compositions of Examples A to E were placed into a variant of 8CB International's Crusader Cooker (Model RPG06, modified 5 with 2 x 30 holes of 5mm diameter) and this was ignited and the mug was placed on top immediately. The end point of the test was determined by a constant roiling boil of the water. Al! tests were carried out in identical atmospheric conditions in the same apparatus and performed by one individual for reproducibility of the data. The results are shown in Table 1 (below) and in Figure 1.

10

Example

B

| 275

*

D

| 289

F

I ?ct«;

; iuw

Table 1

Example H: Penetration lest 15 Tests were conducted in respect of each of Examples A to E. In each case, a probe (6mm diameter) was lowered onto the sample at O.OSmm/second. The distances moved by the probe into the sample (the degree of penetration) was measured in comparison to the degree of force required to sustain the speed of movement. The results are shown in Figure 2A. An inflexion (e.g. a sudden decrease) in the force required to move further 20 indicates the yield point of the sample. The yield point of each sample is shown in Figure 2B.

26

Claims

1. A composition comprising:

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more alcohols;

(d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water.

2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein component (a) consists of one or more C^Cs linear or branched alkyl moieties substituted with at least one hydroxyl

15 group(s).

3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein component (a) consists of one or more alcohols selected from the group consisting of: ethanol, methanol and 2-propanol; and/or the alcohol component of industrial methylated spirits.

20

4. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein component (b) consists of one or more O-alkyl cellulose derivatives and/or O-hydroxyalkyl cellulose derivates.

25

5. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein component (b) consists of one or more cellulose derivatives selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.

30

6. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein component (c) consists of one or more carboxylic acid salts having a counter ion selected from the group consisting of Ca2+, Li+, K+ and Na+.

7. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein component (c) 35 consists of one or more (such as one or two) carboxylic acid salts formed from C10-2o alkyl, C10-2o alkenyl or C10.2o alkynyl carboxylic acids.

27

5

10

8. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein component (c) consists of one or two carboxylic acid salts selected from the group consisting of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate.

5

9. A composition obtainable via a process involving forming a homogenous mixture of:

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more organic alcohols;

(b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose 10 derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more

OH, O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

(d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water.

15

10. A process for preparing a composition as defined any one of Claims 1 to 9, wherein the process comprises forming a homogenous mixture of:

(a) from about 60 to about 98 % by weight of one or more organic alcohols; 20 (b) from about 0.5 to about 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH, O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

25 (d) from 0 to about 30 % by weight of water.

11. The use of a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 9 as a fuel.

12. A method of generating heat comprising the step of igniting (or causing to be 30 ignited) a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 9. -

13. A kit-of-parts comprising:

(A) a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6, or a product as defined in Claim 12;

and

(B) a cooking apparatus,

wherein component (A) is configured for use with the cooking apparatus (B).

31

13. The use of a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 9 as a sanitizing agent.

35

14. A method of sanitizing a surface comprising the step of applying to that surface a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 9.

28

15. A product comprising:

(I) a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 9; and

(II) a packaging material,

5

16. A kit-of-parts comprising:

(A) a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 9, or a product as defined in Claim 15;

and

10 (B) a cooking apparatus,

wherein component (A) is configured for use with the cooking apparatus (B).

29

• • •• • • • • •

• • • • • « • • ••

• • •

i • • • • •

AMENDMENTS TO THE CLAIMS HAVE BEEN FILED AS FOLLOWS:

Claims

1. A flammable, solid composition comprising:

5 (a) from 60 to 98 % by weight of one or more alcohols consisting of one or more 0^4 linear or branched alkyl moieties substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups;

(b) from 0.5 to 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH,

10 O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

(c) from 1 to 25 % by weight of one or more carboxylic acid salts formed from C10-20 alkyl, Cio_2o alkenyl or C10-2o alkynyl carboxylic acids; and

(d) from 0 to 30 % by weight of water.

15 2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1, wherein component (a) consists of one or more alcohols selected from the group consisting of: ethanol, methanol and 2-propanol; and/or the alcohol component of industrial methylated spirits.

3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein component (b) consists 20 of one or more O-alkyl cellulose derivatives and/or O-hydroxyalkyl cellulose derivates.

4. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein component (b) consists of one or more cellulose derivatives selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl

25 cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.

5. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein component (c) consists of one or more carboxylic acid salts having a counter ion selected from the group consisting of Ca2+, Li\ K+ and Na+.

30

6. A composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein component (c) consists of one or two carboxylic acid salts selected from the group consisting of sodium palmitate and sodium stearate.

35 7. A process for preparing a composition as defined any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the process comprises forming a homogenous mixture of:

30

(a) from 60 to 98 % by weight of one or more organic alcohols consisting of one or more 0^4 linear or branched alkyl moieties substituted with one or two hydroxyl groups;

(b) from 0.5 to 20 % by weight of one or more alkyl cellulose derivatives, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more OH, O-alkyl, O-hydroxyalkyl and/or O-alkoxyalkyl;

(c) from 1 to 25 % by weight of one or more carboxylic acid salts formed from C10-2o alkyl, C10-20 alkenyl or C10-2o alkynyl carboxylic acids; and

(d) from 0 to 30 % by weight of water.

8. The use of a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6 as a fuel.

9. A method of generating heat comprising the step of igniting (or causing to be ignited) a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6.

10. The use of a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6 as a sanitizing agent.

11. A method of sanitizing a surface comprising the step of applying to that surface a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6.

12. A product comprising:

(I) a composition as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6; and

(II) a packaging material,