GB2302201A - Method for converting high level radioactive waste into glass using fly ash - Google Patents
Method for converting high level radioactive waste into glass using fly ash Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2302201A GB2302201A GB9517686A GB9517686A GB2302201A GB 2302201 A GB2302201 A GB 2302201A GB 9517686 A GB9517686 A GB 9517686A GB 9517686 A GB9517686 A GB 9517686A GB 2302201 A GB2302201 A GB 2302201A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- radioactive waste
- high level
- level radioactive
- metal oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
- G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
- G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The method includes the steps of: purifying fly ash generated from coal-fired steam power plants; mixing fly ash with SiO 2 or sand, B 2 O 3 or Na 2 B 4 O 7 or H 3 BO 3 , NaNO 3 or Na 2 CO 3 , and high level radioactive waste in an amount based on oxides of: 10-65wt% of fly ash, 0-45wt% of SiO 2 , 10-17wt% of B 2 O 3 , 10-19wt% of Na 2 O, and 5-30wt% of high level radioactive waste; and heating and melting the mixture so as to stabilize the waste, whereby high level radioactive waste is converted into borosilicate glass form by adding fly ash in an amount of up to 65% by weight.
Description
METHOD FOR CONVERTING HIGH LEVEL RADIOACTIVE
WASTE INTO GLASS USING FLY ASH
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a method for converting high level radioactive waste into solidified glass form using fly ash generated from coal-fired steam power plants.
The term "high level radioactive waste" refers to nuclear fuel burnt at nuclear power plants or to high level radioactive waste generated by wet or dry processing of used fuel. In treating such high level radioactive waste, borosilicate glass has advantages compared with other glasses because its chemical durability and resistance to radioactivity are superior and because it can be easily formed into glass within a wide chemical composition range.
Conventional raw materials used in glass making to vitrify high level radioactive waste include clay, zeolite, glass wool, basalt, diatomite, and the like.
The use of fly ash in such glass making processes provides many advantages because it contains silica, which is a basic component of borosilicate glass, and it also contains a large amount of alumina, which has a strongly beneficial effect on leach rate.
Moreover, fly ash consists of finely divided particles of between 1 and 150 ssm, which can be collected from ash contained in flue gas and are produced as a byproduct in an amount of 15-458 of the raw coal, when fine powder coal is burned at coal-fired steam power plants.
Fly ash is a visible pollutant and, therefore, is often the subject of complaints from nearby residents.
Currently, in most coal-fired steam power plants, fly ash is collected and stored in ash ponds, after being formed into slurry. In this state, it is known that water and soil pollution caused by leaching of certain chemical elements in the fly ash can present serious problems.
The present invention is intended to overcome some of the aforementioned problems.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a method for converting high level radioactive waste into solidified glass form using fly ash generated from coal-fired steam power plants. It has also been found that the use of fly ash as a glass making material can cut down on material costs and that the solidified glass obtained thereby has good leach resistance.
In achieving the above object, the method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: purifying fly ash generated from coal-fired steam power plants; mixing fly ash with SiO2 or sand, B203, (or Na2B4Q, H3BO3, Na2CO3 (these are selected properly), and high level radioactive waste (nuclear fuel burnt at a nuclear power plant or high level radioactive waste generated from wet or dry processing of used fuel) in an amount based on oxides of: 10-65wt% of fly ash, 0-45wt% of SiO2, 10-17wtk of B2O3 10-19wt% of Na2O, and 5-30wt% of high level radioactive waste; and heating and melting the mixture so as to stabilize the waste, whereby high level radioactive waste is converted into borosilicate glass form by adding fly ash in an amount of up to 65% by weight.
In the present invention, it is has been found that fly ash, which is a by-product of coal-fired steam power plants, can be added in amounts of up to 65% by weight as a stabilizing material for high level radioactive waste.
An example of a typical fly ash composition is: 60.Owt% of SiO2, 24.2wt% of Al2O3, 5.68wt% of Fe2O3, and 1.34wt% of
CaO. With such a composition, it was found that borosilicate glass can be manufactured by adding the fly ash in amounts of up to 65k by weight and, thus, that the costs of raw materials used in manufacturing the solidified glass can be reduced.Leach tests on the resultant glasses were conducted and test results showed that their leach rates were good. (Na: 4.250-7.943x10-4 g/cm2 per day, Cs: 1.609-2.064x10-4 g/cm2 per day, B: 8.490x10-4-1. 520x10-3 g/cm2 per day, Si: 2.169-4.375 x 10-4 g/cm2 per day, Al: 5.950 x 10-5 -1.313-4 g/cm2 per day, U: 7.326-9.826x10-6g/cm2 per day).
In the present invention, fly ash, which contains large amounts of silica and alumina is mixed with SiO2,
B203, Na2O and high level radioactive waste, and then this mixture is heated and melted to form a solidified glass with the waste stabilized therein.
The term "fly ash" as used in the present invention refers to waste generated during the coal combustion process at coal-fired steam power plants and includes the following materials.
1. Fly ash produced in coal-fired steam power plants using anthracite and bituminous coal
2. Fly ash obtained by purifying the fly ash in 1.
The present invention will now be described by way of the following illustrative example.
Fly ash, SiO2, B203, NaNO3 and waste (Table 1) were mixed and melted to convert the high level radioactive waste into a glass form having the composition shown in
Table 2. Then, leach tests were carried out and the results are shown in Table 3.
According to the invention as described above, therefore, fly ash can be converted from industrial waste into a usable resource and such reutilization can be achieved both economically and effectively.
Table 1. Composition of simulated high level radioactive wastes
(burn up : 35,000 MWDIMTU, cooling time : 10 years)
Element Oxides form wt% Reagents used 5 Sr SrO 0.085 Sr(NO3)2 Zr ZrO@ 0.457 ZrO2 Mo MoO3 0.381 MoO3 Ru RuO2 0.322 RuO2 Pd PdO 0.139 PdO Cd CdO 0.011 CdO Te TeO 0.049 TeO Cs Cs@O 0.233 CsNO3 10 Ba BaO 0.178 BaO La La2O3 0.127 La2O3 Ce CeO2 0.267 Ce(NO3)3 6H2O Nd Nd2O3 0.432 Nd2O3 Sm Sm2O3 0.086 Sm2O3 Eu Eu2O3 0.014 Eu2O3 Gd Gd2O3 0.011 Gd2O3 Y Y2O3 0.054 Y2O3 15 Rb Rb2O3 0.042 RbNO3 Rh Rh2O3 0.050 Rh2O3 Actinide U U3O8 97.134 UO2 Total 100.0 Table 2. Composition of solidified waste glass
Composition wt% Fly ash l l0-65 SiO2 0 - 45 B2O3 10 - 17 Na:0 10 - 19 Waste 5 - 30 Table 3. Leach rate of solidified waste glass
Na Cs B Si Al U 4.250x10-4 1.609x10-4 8.490x10-4 2.169x10-4 5.950x10-5 7.326x10-6 # # # # # # 7.943x10-4 2.064x10-4 1.520x10-3 4.375x10-4 1.313x10-4 9.826x10-6
Claims (14)
1. A method for converting high level radioactive waste into borosilicate glass form using fly ash, comprising the steps of:
purifying fly ash generated from coal-fired steam power plants;
mixing said purified fly ash with SiO2, B203 or Na2CO3 and with high level radioactive waste in an amount based on oxides of: 10-65wt of fly ash, 0-45wt% of SiO2, 10-1?wt% of B203, 10-19wt% of Na2O, and 5-30wt% of said high level radioactive waste; and
heating and melting said mixture so as to stabilize the waste, whereby high level radioactive waste is converted into borosilicate glass form by adding fly ash in an amount of up to 65% by weight.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein as an additive to said fly ash, SiO2 or sand is selectively added depending on circumstances.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein as an additive to said fly ash, B203 or H3BO3 is selectively added depending on circumstances.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein as an additive to said fly ash, NaNO3 or Na2CO3 is selectively added depending on circumstances.
5. A method for converting radioactive waste into borosilicate glass form using fly ash, comprising the steps of mixing fly ash or fly ash and silica with a boron oxide or a boron oxide derivative, a metal oxide or a metal oxide-forming salt, and radioactive waste to form a mixture containing up to 65% fly ash by weight; and heating and melting the mixture so as to form a borosilicate glass.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein fly ash and silica are mixed with the remaining components prior to heating and melting.
7. A method as claimed in claims 5 or 6, wherein the fly ash is purified prior to use.
8. A method as claimed in claims 5, 6 or 7, wherein the composition of the glass-forming mixture, based on oxides, is 10~65wt% of fly ash, 0-45wt% of silica, 10-l7wt% of B203, 10-19wt% of a metal oxide or a metal oxide-forming salt and 5-30wt of radioactive waste.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 5-8, wherein the metal oxide or the metal oxide-forming salt is sodium oxide or a sodium oxide-forming salt.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the sodium oxide-forming salt is NaNO3 or Na2CO3.
11. A method as claimed in any one of claims 5-10, wherein the boron oxide derivative is H3BO3 or Na2B407.
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 5-11, wherein the radioactive waste is high level radioactive waste.
13. A method as claimed in any one of claims 5-12, wherein the fly ash is derived from a coal-fired power plant.
14. A borosilicate glass containing radioactive waste obtained by a method as claimed in any one of claims 5-13.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1019950014954A KR0158083B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1995-06-07 | Vitrification method of high radioactive waste material using flyash |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9517686D0 GB9517686D0 (en) | 1995-11-01 |
| GB2302201A true GB2302201A (en) | 1997-01-08 |
| GB2302201B GB2302201B (en) | 1999-05-19 |
Family
ID=19416603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9517686A Expired - Fee Related GB2302201B (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1995-08-30 | Method for converting high level radioactive waste into glass using fly ash |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR0158083B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2735271B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2302201B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012010917A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-26 | G.I.C. Ipari Szolgáltató És Kereskedelmi Kft. | Additive-containing aluminoborosilicate and process for producing the same |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110335695A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-10-15 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of solidification of radwaste basic material and glass solidified body |
| CN110335693A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-10-15 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method for radioactive waste glass solidification basic material and glass solidified body |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1575930A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1980-10-01 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | Method for non-contaminating solidification of radioactive waste materials |
| GB2157062A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-16 | Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst | Method of treating waste containing radioactive nuclides |
| GB2257293A (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1993-01-06 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo | Method of volume-reducing vitrification of highlevel radioactive waste |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61274299A (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Solidification of radioactive waste |
| FR2624301B1 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1990-03-30 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE FOR CONDITIONING RADIOACTIVE OR TOXIC WASTE CONTAINING BORATE IONS, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| EP0359003B1 (en) * | 1988-09-10 | 1993-12-08 | BETEILIGUNGEN SORG GMBH & CO. KG | Process for transforming solid, substantially anhydrous waste materials into glass, and apparatus therefor |
| US4977837A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1990-12-18 | National Recovery Technologies, Inc. | Process and apparatus for reducing heavy metal toxicity in fly ash from solid waste incineration |
-
1995
- 1995-06-07 KR KR1019950014954A patent/KR0158083B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-30 GB GB9517686A patent/GB2302201B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-05 FR FR9510371A patent/FR2735271B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1575930A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1980-10-01 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | Method for non-contaminating solidification of radioactive waste materials |
| GB2157062A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-16 | Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst | Method of treating waste containing radioactive nuclides |
| GB2257293A (en) * | 1991-06-13 | 1993-01-06 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo | Method of volume-reducing vitrification of highlevel radioactive waste |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012010917A1 (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2012-01-26 | G.I.C. Ipari Szolgáltató És Kereskedelmi Kft. | Additive-containing aluminoborosilicate and process for producing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR0158083B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 |
| KR970003288A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
| FR2735271B1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
| FR2735271A1 (en) | 1996-12-13 |
| GB2302201B (en) | 1999-05-19 |
| GB9517686D0 (en) | 1995-11-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20080830 |