GB2229532A - Vehicle deceleration indicator system - Google Patents

Vehicle deceleration indicator system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2229532A
GB2229532A GB9006356A GB9006356A GB2229532A GB 2229532 A GB2229532 A GB 2229532A GB 9006356 A GB9006356 A GB 9006356A GB 9006356 A GB9006356 A GB 9006356A GB 2229532 A GB2229532 A GB 2229532A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
vehicle
deceleration
indicators
array
indicator system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9006356A
Other versions
GB2229532B (en
GB9006356D0 (en
Inventor
Dawood Yusuf Parpia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of GB9006356D0 publication Critical patent/GB9006356D0/en
Publication of GB2229532A publication Critical patent/GB2229532A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2229532B publication Critical patent/GB2229532B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/44—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating braking action or preparation for braking, e.g. by detection of the foot approaching the brake pedal
    • B60Q1/445—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating braking action or preparation for braking, e.g. by detection of the foot approaching the brake pedal controlled by inertial devices
    • B60Q1/447—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating braking action or preparation for braking, e.g. by detection of the foot approaching the brake pedal controlled by inertial devices with indication of the braking strength or speed changes, e.g. by changing the shape or intensity of the indication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/30—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating rear of vehicle, e.g. by means of reflecting surfaces
    • B60Q1/302—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating rear of vehicle, e.g. by means of reflecting surfaces mounted in the vicinity, e.g. in the middle, of a rear window
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00—Details of instruments
    • G01P1/07—Indicating devices, e.g. for remote indication
    • G01P1/08—Arrangements of scales, pointers, lamps or acoustic indicators, e.g. in automobile speedometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/12—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by alteration of electrical resistance
    • G01P15/121—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by alteration of electrical resistance by potentiometers

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

A vehicle deceleration indicator system comprising an array 2 of pairs of indicators 3, 4 and 5 mounted on the rear of a vehicle 1. An increasing number of the pairs of indicators 3, 4 and 5 are sequentially illuminated with increasing deceleration, starting with the innermost pair 3 and increasing progressively to the outermost pair 5 at the time of greatest deceleration. The system also includes a monitor display 7 having display lamps 9, 10 and 11 which indicate the operation of indicators 3, 4 and 5, respectively, to the driver of the vehicle. The system is controlled by a deceleration sensor acting on a potentiometer. <IMAGE>

Description

Vehicle Deceleration Indication St The present invention relates to a system for indicating deceleration or braking of a vehicle.
Conventional braking indicator systems for vehicles comprise a single pair of brake lights mounted on the rear of the vehicle which are illuminated whenever the brake pedal is depressed, regardless of the severity of braking applied.
The lack of information available to other drivers regarding the severity of braking means that the deceleration of a vehicle ahead has to be estimated by the driver behind, based on the closing of the distance between vehicles. Particularly in poor visibility conditions this estimation can prove difficult and may be misjudged by the driver.
Illumination systems proposed to overcome these difficulties have included a system in which the intensity of a brake light is increased with the severity in braking. This system suffers from the disadvantage that it is difficult for an observing driver to judge changes in intensity of such indicators, particularly since the distance between vehicles may be varying. It is also not easy to judge accurately at a single glance the degree of the braking of the system at any particular time. Instead, the observer is forced to monitor the changes in intensity of the indicators to determine the rate of braking.
A system is also known for vehicles having an antilock system in which an additional single pair of braking lights is illuminated in the event of violent deceleration of the vehicle. These lights are only illuminated during exceptional conditions and do not operate under a normal braking regime or provide any indication or advance warning of anything but a violent change. This system is also inapplicable to vehicles without anti-lock braking.
According to the invention there is provided a vehicle deceleration indicator system comprising an array of on/off indicators mountable to the rear of a vehicle, and wherein in operation an increasing number of indicators are illuminated in sequence with increasing deceleration, the sequence comprising three or more steps of successive illumination of the array so as to provide a discrete and graduated indication of the degree of deceleration.
With this arrangement, the first step of illumination may correspond to relatively slight deceleration, the final step may correspond to relatively severe deceleration, with the intermediate step or steps corresponding to an intermediate degree of deceleration.
This graduated increase in the illumination of the indicators enables an observer to more instantly and positively ascertain the state of braking or deceleration of a vehicle at any particular time in dependence on the number of indicators lit without having to continuously observe the vehicle to determine relative changes in the illumination. Furthermore, using an array which is illuminated in three or more discrete steps (as opposed to a continuously variable display) enables the degree of deceleration of a vehicle to be more directly indicated to other drivers such that they can modify their own speed accordingly during a normal braking regime.
Preferably, the array comprises three or more pairs of indicators arranged concentrically and substantially horizontally, each step in the illumination sequence corresponding to the illumination of a pair of indicators starting with the innermost pair and expanding progressively to the outermost pair with increasing deceleration.
This preferred arrangement produces a particularly graphic indication of the braking of a vehicle.
Specifically, the effect of an expanding array of illuminated indicators exagerates the apparent increase in size and width of a vehicle as it moves closer to an observer and serves to warn him of the closing of the gap between vehicles. This may also help to remind a driver of a following vehicle of the actual distance between vehicles if the concentration of the driver is wandering.
This effect will be particularly strong at night or in conditions of poor visibility.
An alternative arrangement which produces the same effect of a display of increasing size comprises concentric ring shaped indicaters of increasing diameter.
Such an arrangement may be more suitable for use with a motor cycle, for example.
Preferably the system further includes means enabling the driver of the vehicle to observe the sequence of illumination of the array, said means including a monitor display mountable inside the vehicle or, in the case of a motorcycle, adjacent the handlebars.
This enables the driver to monitor the signal he is giving to other motorists and might also help him interact and adjust his braking in comparison with the braking signals given by drivers in front, particularly where other drivers are also using the same indicator system. In a particularly advantageous embodiment the monitor display comprises a plurality of display lights each light illuminated in time with a step of the sequence of illumination. A driver may then directly compare the visual display of his display lights with the braking indicators of a car in front. Where the vehicle in front is using the indicator system of the present invention the driver can then easily match his braking to that of the car in front by comparison of the number of lights lit on his display with the number of indicators lit on the vehicle in front.The display lights may be mounted to the surface of the dashboard for immediate observation or may be projected for display onto the front windscreen, as is known for other "head-up" status displays.
Advantageously the deceleration of the vehicle is determined by means of a sensor which measures the absolute rate of change of speed of the vehicle. Such sensors are widely known and include solid-state devices or mechanical devices which measure the inertia of a mass acting on a spring etc. These devices provide an accurate measurement of deceleration regardless of other factors affecting the vehicle. Alternatively, the sensor can operate by measuring vehicle conditions such as the rotation of a wheel axis, throttle opening or the like.
Indeed, some vehicles may already include an acceleration sensor in their control system and an output of this can be used directly. However, it ma-y prove convenient, particularly where it is desired to reduce expense, to estimate deceleration by detecting the degree of braking applied e.g. by measuring the pressure of the brake fluid, which will vary in dependence on the brake pressure applied.
In order to enhance the warning effect of the system the indicator array can be mounted in use at a higher level than the other vehicle indicators on the rear of the vehicle. In particular, the array may be mounted at about the level of the vehicle's back windscreen, inside or outside the vehicle. This provides a particularly strong visual braking warning. Indeed, studies have shown that a driver of a vehicle will naturally be looking at this level, being at about eye level, and that his response time to indicators fixed at this level will be quicker accordingly.
The system may advantageously comprise an add-on unit including a detachable array of indicators securable to existing vehicles. This array may comprise all or some of indicators required by the system. For example, a detachable array of two further pairs of indicators could be fitted to a vehicle having a conventional single pair of indicators. However, the present scope of the invention also extends to a vehicle including the system as its fitted indicator system.
In its broadest aspect, the present invention a be applied to any suitable vehicle such as a car, lorry, van or motor cycle.
There now follows, by way of example only, a description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 shows an indicator array according to the present invention as mounted on the rear of a car.
Fig. 2 shows the display of a monitoring means associated with the indicator array of Fig. 1, as mounted on the dashboard of the vehicle.
Figs. 3, 5 and 7 show the appearance of the indicator array during progressively increasing deceleration whilst Figs. 4, 6 and 8 show the corresponding appearance of the monitor display.
Fig. 9 shows a sensor for sensing the deceleration of the vehicle.
Referring to Fig. 1, a vehicle 1 is fitted with an array of indicators 2 comprising three pairs of indicators 3, 4 and 5 arranged concentrically immediately above the back bumper 6. In an alternative arrangement (not shown) the indicators may be fitted substantially at the level of the back windscreen or actually inside the car.
Fig. 2 shows the monitor display for monitoring the state of the indicator array 2, as mounted on the dashboard below the front windscreen 8. The monitor display 7 comprises display lights 9, 10 and 11 which indicate the state of indicator pairs 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
The system further includes a deceleration sensor 12 shown in Fig. 9 comprising a mass 13 fixed to a spring 14 and acting on a rod 15. During deceleration, the mass 13 moves against the spring 14 to move the rod 15. The rod 15 is arranged to act to vary the resistance of a potentiometer (not shown) as it moves. The change in the resistance of the potentiometer is measured and used to control the indicator array 2 and monitor display 7 via an appropriate control circuit (not shown).
Referring to Fig. 3, under conditions of slight deceleration the control circuit operates to only illuminate the inner pair of indicators 3 and the corresponding display light 9 of the monitor display 7 (Fig. 4). As the deceleration increases, the indicators 3 and 4 are illuminated (Fig. 5) and display lights 9 and 10 are illuminated (Fig. 6). Finally, during the period of greatest deceleration, all pairs of indicator lamps 3, 4 and 5 are illuminated (Fig. 7) and all display lights 9, 10 and 11 of the monitor are also illuminated (Fig.8).
Should the deceleration decrease at any time the control circuit will operate to extinguish the last pair of indicators and the last display lights lit.
Thus, the invention provides a vehicle deceleration indicator system in which pairs of braking indicators are progressively illuminated to indicate the extent of deceleration to a following vehicle and in which the driver is able to monitor his own deceleration by the display of the monitor 7.

Claims (10)

ClaIms
1. A vehicle deceleration indicator system comprising an array of on-off indicators mountable to the rear of a vehicle, and wherein in operation an increasing number of indicators are illuminated in sequence with increasing deceleration, the sequence compriseing three or more steps of successive illumination of the array so as to provide a discrete and graduated indication of the degree of deceleration.
2. A vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in claim 1 in which the array comprises three or more pairs of indicators arranged concentrically and substantially horizontally, each step in the illumination sequence corresponding to the illumination of a pair of indicators starting with the innermost pair and expanding progressively to the outermost pair with increasing deceleration.
3. A vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 further comprising a means enabling a driver to observe the sequence of illumination of the array, said means including a monitor display mountable for observation by the driver of the vehicle.
4. A vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in claim 3 in which the monitor display comprises a plurality of display lights, each light being illuminated in time with a step of the sequence of illumination.
5. A vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in any preceding claim further comprising a sensor for monitoring the deceleration of the vehicle by measuring the absolute rate of change of speed of the vehicle.
6. A vehicle deceleration indicator sister as claimed in any previous claim in which the indicator array is adapted to be mounted at a higher level on the rear of a vehicle than any other indicators on the vehicle, if present.
7. A vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in claim 6 in which the indicator array is adapted to be mounted at substantially the level of a back windscreen of a vehicle.
8. A vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in any preceding claim in which the system comprises an add-on unit including a detachable array of indicators securable to existing vehicles.
9. A vehicle deceleration indicator system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
10. A vehicle including a vehicle deceleration indicator system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9.
GB9006356A 1989-03-21 1990-03-21 Vehicle deceleration indication system Expired - Lifetime GB2229532B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB898906536A GB8906536D0 (en) 1989-03-21 1989-03-21 Motor vehicle deceleration indicator

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9006356D0 GB9006356D0 (en) 1990-05-16
GB2229532A true GB2229532A (en) 1990-09-26
GB2229532B GB2229532B (en) 1993-08-18

Family

ID=10653771

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB898906536A Pending GB8906536D0 (en) 1989-03-21 1989-03-21 Motor vehicle deceleration indicator
GB9006356A Expired - Lifetime GB2229532B (en) 1989-03-21 1990-03-21 Vehicle deceleration indication system

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB898906536A Pending GB8906536D0 (en) 1989-03-21 1989-03-21 Motor vehicle deceleration indicator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (2) GB8906536D0 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2301954A (en) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-18 Terence Watts Vehicle deceleration indicator system
GB2306811A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-05-07 Kenneth Blakeley Vehicle deceleration warning lamp system
GB2319124A (en) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-13 Design Technology & Innovation Indicating state of motion of a vehicle; vehicle ranging device
GB2328092A (en) * 1997-08-02 1999-02-10 Christopher Peter Hall Vehicle braking intensity indicator
GB2293930B (en) * 1994-10-03 1999-09-29 John Critoph Vehicle hazard warning system
GB2415098A (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-14 Adrian Lynley Ashley Vehicle Hard Braking Alert System
DE102007051008A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Stop light activation indicating method for operator of vehicle, involves performing activation of stop light based on braking intervention of control system, and providing control system with active or passive speed control
ES2695773A1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 Herrero Alvarez Maria Jose Signaling system for dynamic and proportional braking maneuvers (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
NL2023997B1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2021-06-17 Marjolein Monica Bezemer Kim System for indicating deceleration of a vehicle

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB280117A (en) * 1927-05-21 1927-11-10 Martin Rietz Improvements in speed indicators for automobiles and the like
GB492328A (en) * 1937-04-27 1938-09-19 William Jarvie Morrison Improvements in or relating to speed indicators for vehicles
GB1177969A (en) * 1967-05-16 1970-01-14 Mary Theresa Hanner Vehicle Control Light System
GB1243096A (en) * 1969-03-06 1971-08-18 Coast Lines Ltd Improvements in and relating to a brake efficiency indicator in vehicles
DE2637155A1 (en) * 1976-08-18 1978-02-23 Guenter Dr Schemmel Motor vehicle brake rate indicator - has brake pedal and level to actuate series of switches for lamps operated in sequence
GB2027892A (en) * 1978-08-10 1980-02-27 Vdo Schindling A display device for displaying the speed and acceleration of a vehicle
GB2185108A (en) * 1986-01-03 1987-07-08 Richard Thomas Clewlow A traffic speed warning system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157854A (en) * 1962-04-03 1964-11-17 Alfred B Riley Vehicle deceleration indicator
US4667177A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-05-19 Athalye Ravindra G Brake light signal system for a motor vehicle

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB280117A (en) * 1927-05-21 1927-11-10 Martin Rietz Improvements in speed indicators for automobiles and the like
GB492328A (en) * 1937-04-27 1938-09-19 William Jarvie Morrison Improvements in or relating to speed indicators for vehicles
GB1177969A (en) * 1967-05-16 1970-01-14 Mary Theresa Hanner Vehicle Control Light System
GB1243096A (en) * 1969-03-06 1971-08-18 Coast Lines Ltd Improvements in and relating to a brake efficiency indicator in vehicles
DE2637155A1 (en) * 1976-08-18 1978-02-23 Guenter Dr Schemmel Motor vehicle brake rate indicator - has brake pedal and level to actuate series of switches for lamps operated in sequence
GB2027892A (en) * 1978-08-10 1980-02-27 Vdo Schindling A display device for displaying the speed and acceleration of a vehicle
GB2185108A (en) * 1986-01-03 1987-07-08 Richard Thomas Clewlow A traffic speed warning system

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2293930B (en) * 1994-10-03 1999-09-29 John Critoph Vehicle hazard warning system
GB2301954A (en) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-18 Terence Watts Vehicle deceleration indicator system
GB2306811A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-05-07 Kenneth Blakeley Vehicle deceleration warning lamp system
GB2319124A (en) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-13 Design Technology & Innovation Indicating state of motion of a vehicle; vehicle ranging device
GB2319124B (en) * 1996-11-07 2001-04-11 Design Technology & Innovation Motor vehicle display system and ranging device
GB2328092A (en) * 1997-08-02 1999-02-10 Christopher Peter Hall Vehicle braking intensity indicator
GB2415098A (en) * 2004-06-08 2005-12-14 Adrian Lynley Ashley Vehicle Hard Braking Alert System
DE102007051008A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Stop light activation indicating method for operator of vehicle, involves performing activation of stop light based on braking intervention of control system, and providing control system with active or passive speed control
ES2695773A1 (en) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 Herrero Alvarez Maria Jose Signaling system for dynamic and proportional braking maneuvers (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
NL2023997B1 (en) * 2019-10-11 2021-06-17 Marjolein Monica Bezemer Kim System for indicating deceleration of a vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2229532B (en) 1993-08-18
GB8906536D0 (en) 1989-05-04
GB9006356D0 (en) 1990-05-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8275497B2 (en) Method and device for assisting in driving a vehicle
US6037861A (en) Automobile overspeed warning system
JP3134667B2 (en) Display device for vehicles
EP0957000B1 (en) Progressive brake light system
US20080309515A1 (en) Warning apparatus for a motor vehicle
US6278364B1 (en) Vehicular deceleration warning system
EP0872741A3 (en) Alarm apparatus for alarming driver of vehicle and method of alarming
CA2663363A1 (en) Vehicle deceleration warning system
US20070159318A1 (en) Speed reduction warning system
EP2195194A1 (en) Device to display moving conditions of a vehicle
GB2229532A (en) Vehicle deceleration indicator system
KR101719697B1 (en) Warning system
US20030030554A1 (en) Vehicle rear speed display
CN100382991C (en) Vehicle acceleration or deceleration/brake grading display method using sensor and apparatus therefor
US7710254B1 (en) Automatic brake light safety system
US7002459B1 (en) Integral vehicle brake indicator
JP2004517312A (en) Indicating instrument for vehicle speed indication
GB2205698A (en) Vehicle warning system
GB2239521A (en) Speed indicator
JP3555094B2 (en) Alarm method of pointer instrument and pointer instrument
JPS5876766A (en) Speed indicator for automobile
US4075892A (en) Indicating arrangement for a distance warning installation
KR100252229B1 (en) Velocity detecting device
GB2347027A (en) Vehicle braking warning indicator
JP2722876B2 (en) Inter-vehicle distance display

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20060321

728V Application for restoration filed (sect. 28/1977)
S28 Restoration of ceased patents (sect. 28/pat. act 1977)

Effective date: 20080923