GB2220214A - Method for refining aluminium alloys - Google Patents
Method for refining aluminium alloys Download PDFInfo
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- GB2220214A GB2220214A GB8908790A GB8908790A GB2220214A GB 2220214 A GB2220214 A GB 2220214A GB 8908790 A GB8908790 A GB 8908790A GB 8908790 A GB8908790 A GB 8908790A GB 2220214 A GB2220214 A GB 2220214A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/066—Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration
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Abstract
A method for refining admixtures of iron, titanium and zirconium out of aluminium alloys consists in melting an aluminium alloy together with metallic additions - chromium and/or manganese as well as with molybdenum and/or tungsten and/or vanadium, these additions being used in such a quantity so as to ensure that the weight ratio (Mo and/or W and/or V + Cr and/or Mn) : (Fe + Ti + Zr) is equal to 0.2-2.0, and the weight ratio (Mo and/or W and/or V) : (Cr and/or Mn) is equal to 0.03-10, after which the obtained melt is cooled to 590-700 DEG C and filtered within said temperature interval.
Description
Process for Refining Aluminium Alloys
Field of the Art
The present invention relates to the non-ferrous metallurgy, and, more particularly - to processes for refining aluminium alloys to remove iron, titanium and zirconium impurities. These impurities pass into aluminium alloys from the starting raw materials and an increased content thereof impairs the service characteristics of said alloys. (G.B.Stroganov "High-Strength Cast Aluminium Alloys", 1985, "Metallurgic Publishers,
Moscow, pp.124-133).
Refined aluminium alloys, after alloying thereof, can be useful in the manufacture of automobiles, tractors and harvetsing combines, for casting shaped articles, such as pistons and heads of cylinders of engines, bodies of high-pressure pumps.
Prior Art
Well known in the art are processes for refining aluminium alloys by filtration through a bed of a tiber- glass fabric (A.V.Eurdyumov et al., "Flux Treatment and
Filtration of Aluminium Melts", 1980, "Metallurgiya" Publishers, Moscow, p,172).
The known processes permit to remove oxide scabs, carbide inclusions, but do not enable, however, remov- ing harmful impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium, dissolved in aluminium alloys. Furthermore, the removal of impurities by known processes results in a reduced output (by 15-20X) of aluminium alloy upon filtration.
Also known in the art is a process of refining an aluminium-silicon alloy of an eutectic composition to remove iron and titanium impurities, wich resides in smelting of an aluminium-silicon alloy of an eutectic composition with metal additives - chromium and manga neae,cooling aflthe thus-obtained melt to 590-6600C and filtration of the cooled melt within the above-specified temperature range; chromium and manganese are used in such quantities that a mass ratio of their total amount to that of iron and titanium impurities be equal to (0.2~1.1):1, at a mass ratio of chromium to manganese equal to (O.1-20):1 respectively. (PC2/SU 86/00023).
The above-specified process does not ensure an effective removal of iron and titanium from the alloy (only 42-60 of the total amount of iron in the alloy is removed, titanium - 70 to 90* of its amount in the alloY). Rioreover, this process is not effective in refining of the alloy to remove zirconium impurity.
It should be noted, that the above-mentioned process can be used only for refining of an aluminium-silicon alloy of an eutectic composition, because application of this process to refining of other kinds of aluminium alloys is ineffective in view of a high loss of aluminium upon filtration (in residues on the filter).
Upon refining according to the known process the residual content of chromium in the aluminium-silicon melt after filtration thereof (i.e. in the filter reaches 0.7 by mass, and that of manganese ^.ó;s by mass, wich significantly impairs the casting and mechanical characteristics of the alloy.
Disclosure of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide such a process for refining aluminium alloys to remove impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium, which would make it possible to remove said impurities more effectively, to reduce losses of aluminium upon filtration, to decrease the residual content of metal additives in the filtrate, and to broaden the range of aluminium alloys to be refined.
This obJect is accomplished by a process for refining aluminium alloys from impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium, comprising smelting of an alumi nium alloy with a metal additive - chromium and/or manganese, cooling of the resulting melt to a temperature of 590-7O00C and filtration of the cooled melt within the above-specified temperature range, in doing so, according to the present invention, said smelting of the aluminium alloy with chromium and/or manganese is conducted in the presence of an additive of at least one of the melts - molybdenum,tungsten, vanadium, the above-mentioned additives are used in such an amount as to provide a mass ratio in the melt before its filtration (go and/or W and/or V+Cr and/or Mn)::(Fe+Ti+Zr), equal to~0.2~2.0, and a mass ratio (Mo and/or W and/or
V):(Cr and/or Zz), equal to 0.03-10.
The process according to the present invention enabled to remove more effictively the impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium (68-91-is of iron out of its content in the alloy is removed, titanium 9095%?, zirconium 90-95X), to reduce losses of aluminium upon filtration by 7-168, to decresse the residual content of metal impurities on the filter (a residual content of chromium - 0.02-0.12% by mass, manganese - 3.02~0.2; by mass, molybdenum - from traces to 0.04s by mass, tungsten - from traces to 0.05it, by mass, vanadium from traces to 0.08% by mass).
The process according to the present invention permits production of a wide range of high-quality foundry aluminium alloys with high exploitation characteristics (tensile strength - 200-350 MPa, hardness HB 90 - 140.).
Molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium employed as metal additives in the process according to the present invention provide an equivalent improving effect on refining of aluminium alloys from harmful impurities. In view of the fact that the characteristics of these metal additives are similar, they can be introduced either in combination or separatel;sr. The choice of molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium is based on incompleteness of the d-shell. These additives have a high acceptor ability and produce durable clusters, which incorporate harmful impurities and are settled on the filter upon filtration of an aluminium melt.High melting temperatures of molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium contribute to the appearance of cluster even in the stage of smelting of an aluminium alloy with metal additives and cause a low solubility of clusters in cooling of the melt to the filtration temperatures (590-7000c). The foregoing makes it possible to significantly reduce the residual content of harmful impurities o2 iron titanium and zirconium in the melt after its filtration.
Chromium and manganese contribute to the growth of clusters and to diminution of their solubility, they also ensure stability of the clusters.
As has been mentioned hereinabove, metal additives are used in an amount which provides a mass ratio in the melt before its filtration (Mo and/or W and/or
V+Cr and/or szi):(e+Ti+Zr) equal to 0.2-2.0, It is inadvisable to use metal additives in such amounts which provide a mass ratio of these additives to said impurities below 0.2, because in this case an incomplete aggregation of harmful impurities into clusters will occur. This results in a high residual content of harmful impurities in the filtrate, which impairs the casting and service characteristics of aluminium alloys.
It is also inexpedient to use metal additives in such amounts which provide a mass ratio of these additives to said impurities above 2.0, because it results in a lower output of the melt during filtration thereof without improving its qualitity and makes the refined alloy more expensive.
The metal additives should be used in an amount ensuring a mass ratio thereof in the melt before its filtration (Mo and/or W and/or V):(Cr and/or Mn), equal to 0.03-10.
It is inadvisable to use metal additives at their mass ratio below 0.03, since in this case molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium do not produce a marked effect on the conditions of formation of clusters in the melt, and their amount is not high enough for an effective removal of harmful impurities from aluminium alloys.
Increasing of said mass ratio above 10 results in a greater consump ton of expensive metals (molybdenum, vanadium) with out effectively improving the removal of harmful impurities.
In cooling of the aluminium melt to a temperature below 590 CC and upon filtration of the cooled melt at a temperature below 5900C losses of the melt upon its filtration are significantly increased.
In cooling of the aluminium melt to a temperature above 7000C and filtration of the cooled melt at a temperature above 7000C the effectiveness of removing harmful impurities from aluminium alloys is lowered.
Best Way of Carrying the Invention into Effect
The process for refining aluminium alloys to remove impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium according to the present invention is conducted in the following manner.
In heating furnaces (gas-f lame or induction-type ones) a master alloy is smelted, based on aluminium and containing chromium and/or manganese, and at least one of such metal as molbdenum, tungsten, vanadium.
Then the master alloy is smelted with an aluminium alloy in a mixer or an induction furnace under stirring
The master alloy is employed in such an amount which provides, in the resulting melt, a mass ratio (Mo and/or
W and /or V+Cr and/or Mri):(Fe+Ti+Zr), equal to 0.2-2.0, and a mass ratio (Mo and/or W and/or V):(Cr and,/or toe), equal to 0.03-10, Furthermore, the process according to the present invention can be conducted by smelting metal additives (chronium and/or manganese as well as molybdenum and/or tungsten and/or vanadium) with an aluminium alloy without any preliminary preparation of a master alloy.The above-mentioned metal additives are used in such an amount, that the values of the mass ratio (Mo and/or
W and/or V+Cr and/or a (Fe+Ti+Zr) and the values of the mass ratio (Mo and/or W and/or V):(Cr and/or Mn), in the melt obtained be within the above-specified limits.
The resulting melt is cooled to a temperature of 590-700 0C. Upon cooling of the melt clusters are formed therein, which comprise semifluid crystals of an ordered structure, containing harmful impurities (iron, titanium, zirconium).
The cooled melt is filtered at a temperature of 590-700 C through a bed of a hard material, for example, granulated quartzite or fiber-glass fabric. The harmful impurities (iron, titanium, zirconium) bound by the metal additives (Cr and/or Mn, and Mo and/or W and/or V) into clusters are settled on the filter. The melt (filtrate) refined from the harmful impurities comes to a collecting vessel for the metal.
The process according to the present invention makes it possible to refine various aluminium alloys, such as ar alloy of aluminium with silicon, an alloy of aluminium with copper, an alloy of aluminium with zinc at d-fferent mass ratios between said components in the alloys.
The required articles e cast from the refined aluminium alloy by conventional methods.
The technical and economic parameters of the process for refining according to the present invention and of the known process disclosed in P:2/SU Application
No.86/00023, such as the output of the aluminium melt at the stage of filtration, content of aluminium in the residues on the filter, efficiency of refining aluminium alloys from harmful impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium, residual content of metal additives (chromium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium) in the filtrate are determined in the following manner.
The yield of an aluminium melt at the stage of film tration is determined as a quotient after dividing the difference between the masses of the aluminium alloy before filtration and the residue of the aluminium melt on the filter after filtration by the mass of the aluminium melt before filtration, expressed in percent.
The content of aluminium in the residues on the filter is determined by a chemical or spectral analysis of samples of the residues on the filter.
The efficiency of refinint aluminium alloys from harmful impurities iron, titanium, zirconium) is determined as a rptotient of the difference between the content oo the above-secified impurities in the aluminium elt before and after filtration and the content the above-specified impurities in the aluminium melt before filtration, in percent.
The residual content of nietl additives (chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tugnsten, vanadium) in the filtrate is determined by the chemical or spectral analysis of a filtrate sample.
For a better understanding of tile present invention the following specific examples of its embodiment are given herein below. The technical and economic parameters of the process according to the present invention (the output of the aluminium melt at the stage of filtration, the content of aluminium in the residues on the filter, the efficiency of refining of aluminium alloys), attained upon its implementation according to Examples 1-10, are given in the table following the examples. In the same table also given are the data on the mechanical strength ,hardness and relative elongation of the refined aluminium alloy (the latter parameter illustrates the alloy plasticity).The same table also shows similar technical and economic parameters of the known process disclosed in PCT/SU Application Go.86/00023 attained in its embodiment according to
Examples 11 and 12, as well as the data on the mechanical strength, hardness and relative elongation of the refined aluminium alloy.
Example 1
An aluminium alloy is refined, which has the following composition, X by mass: silicon - 12.7, iron 1.2, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.2, aluminium - the balance.
A master alloy consisting of the following components, % by mass: molybdenum - 0.8, tungsten - 0.2, chromium - 1.2, manganese - 0.2, aluminium - the balance is smelted in an induction furnace. Smelting of the master alloy is conducted at a temperature within the range of 900-1,100 C.
The alloy to be refined at the temperature of 780 C, and the master alloy at the temperature of l,i000C are charged into a mixer and melted therein under stirring.
The resulting melt has the fillowing composition, * by mass: silicon - 11.6, iron - 1.1, titanium - 0.15, molybdenum - 0.08, tungsten - 0.02, chromium - 0.2, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (Mo+W+Cr+n):(Fe+ Ti+Zr) in the melt is 0.27, and the mass ratio (Mo+Wo): (Cr+2n) is equ21 to 0.31.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 6000C. Upon cooling of the melt clusters are formed therein which contain harmful impurities (iron, titanium, zirconium).
The melt cooled to the temperature of 6000C is filtered at this temperature through a bed of granulated quartzite. The clusters containing harmful impurities are settled on the filter.
The refined aluminium melt (filtrate) comes a metal-collecting vessel, the melt~has the following composition, -X by mass: silicon - 11.1, iron - 0.3, titanium - 0.02, zirconium - 0.01, chromium - 0.02, manganese - 0.03, molybdenum - and tungsten - traces, aluminium-the balance.
Example 2
An aluminium melt is refined, which has the following composition, , by mass: silicon - 11.8, iron - 0.8, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.2, aluminium - the balance.
The aluminium alloy of the above composition having a temperature of 820 0C is placed into a mixer and smelted with metal additives - molybdenum and chromium under stirring. The thus-produced melt has the following composition, g by mass: silicon - 1.8, iron - 0.8, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.2, molybdenum - 0.01, chromium - 0.33, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (Mo+Cr):(Fe+Ti+Zr) in the melt is 0.24, the mass ratio Llo:Cr is equal to 0.03.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 610 C, whereafter it is filtered at this temperature through a bed of a iber-glass fabric.
The filtrate has the following composition, w by mass: silicon --11.5, iron - 0.251 titanium - 0.02, zirconium - 0.01, chromium - 0.25, molybdenum - traces, aluminium - the balance.
Example 3
Refined is an aluminium alloy which has the following composition: -h by mass: silicon - 12.8, iron - 2.2, titanium - 0.6, zirconium - 0.2, aluminium - the balance.
A master alloy is preliminarily melted in an induction furnace; it comprises the following components, X by mass: molybdenum - 0.5, vanadium - 1.5, manganese - 2.0, aluminium - the balance. The melting is conducted at the temperature 950-1,000 The aluminium alloy to be refined having a temperature of 710 C and the master alloy at the temperature of 10006C are placed into a mixer and smelted therein under stirring.The resulting melt has the following composition, X by mass: silicon - 11.5, iron - 2.0, titanium - 0.5, zirconium - 0.1, molybdenum - 0.05, vanadium - 0,15, manganese - 0.2, aluminium - the balance, The mass ratio (Mo+V+Mn):(Fe+Ti+Zr) in the melt is equal to 1, the mass ratio (Mo+V):2n is equal to 0.15.
The thus-produced melt is cooled to the temperature of 620 C. The cooled melt is filtered at this tem- perature to obtain a filtrste, which has the following composition, Q by mass silicon - 11.2, iron - 0.4, titanium - 0.04, zirconium - 0.01,~manganese - 0.02, molybdenum and vanadium - traces, aluminium - the balance.
Example 4
Refined is an aluminium melt which has the following composition, by mass: silicon - 12.9, iron - 2.0, titanium - 0.8, zirconium - 0.3, aluminium - the balance.
A master alloy is preliminary produced, which comprises the following components, ,6 by mass: molybdenum - 2.0, tungsten - 0.8, vanadium - 2.2, chromium - 0.5, aluminium - the balance. The master alloy is smelted at a temperature of 1,1000C.
The aluminium alloy to be refined having a temperature of 670 0C and the master alloy at the temperature of 1,100 0C, are smelted in a mixer under stirring. The thus-produced melt has the following composition, % by mass: silicon 11.7, iron - 1.8, titanium - 0.07, zirconium - 0.25, molybdenum - 0.2, tungsten - 0.08, vanadium - 0.22, chromium - 0.05, aluminium - the balance. The mass rat o ( to+W+V+Cr) (Fe+Ti+Zr) in the melt is 0.2, and the mass ratio (Zo+W+V):Cr is equal to 10.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 64505. The cooled melt is filtered at this temperature, whereby a filtrate is produced, which has the following composition, {by mass: silicon - 11.0, iron - 0.15, titanium - 0.03, zirconium 0.02, molybdenum - 0.04, tungsten - traces, vanadium - 0.06, chromium - traces, aluminium - the balance.
Example 5
Refined is an aluminium alloy which has the following composition, ; by mass: silicon - 24.9, iron - 1.1, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.1, aluminium - the balance.
The aluminium alloy at the temperature of 8000C having the same composition is placed into a mixer and smelted with metal additives: tungsten, chromium and manganese under agitation. The thus-produced melt has the following composition, Va by mass: silicon - 24.8, iron - 1.1, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.1, tungsten 0.4, chromium - 0.2, manganese - 0.2, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (W+Cr+Wn):(Fe+Ti+Zr) in said smelt is 0.5, the mass ratio W:(Cr+ht) is equal to 1.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 7000C. The cooled melt is filtered at this temperature to give a filtrate having the following composition, e by mass: silicon 21.2, iron - 0.2, titanium 0.03, zirconium - 0.01, tungsten - 0.05, chromium 0.08, manganese 0.04, aluminium - the balance.
Example 6
Refined is an aluminium alloy which has the following composition, X by mass: silicon - 7.0, iron - 1.8, titanium - 0.2, zirconium - 0.1, aluminium - the balan ce.
The aluminium alloy of the above composition, having a temperature of 7800C, is placed into a mixer and smelted with metal additives - tungsten, vanadium, chromium, manganese under agitation. The thus-produced melt has the following composition, X by mass: silicon 7.0, iron - 1.8, titanium - 0.2, zirconium - 0.1, tungsten - 0.05, vanadium - 0.55, chromium - 0.2, manganese - 0.1, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (W+Y+Cr+Mn):(Fe+Ti+Zr) in the melt is 0.43, the mass ratio (W+V):(Cr+n) is equal to 2.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 64000. The cooled melt is filtered at this temperature to give a filtrate of the following composition, w by mass: silicon - 6.5, iron - 0.2, titanium - 0.Q15, zirconium - 0.01, tungsten - 0.01, vanadium -0,08, chromium - 0.04, manganese - 0.02, aluminium - the balance.
Example 7
Refined is an aluminium alloy which has the following composition, Q by mass: silicon - 9.0, iron - 0.6, titanium - 0.1, zirconium - 0.1, aluminium - the balance.
The aluminium alloy of the above composition having a temperature of 7800C is smelted with metal addi- tives: vanadium and chromium in a mixer under stirring.
The thus-produced melt has the following composition, X by mass: silicon - 9.0, iron - 0.6, titanium - 0.1, zirconium - 0.1, vanadium - 1.0, chromium - 0.6, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (V+Cr):(Fe+Ti+Zr) in the melt is 2, the mass ratio V:Cr is equal to 1.67.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 6300C. The cooled melt is filtered at this temperature to give a filtrate which has the following composiion, by mass: silicon - 7.5, iron - 0.12, titanium - 0.01, zirconium - 0.005, vanadium - 0.08, chromium - 0.12, aluminium - the balance.
Example 8
Refined is an aluminium alloy which has the following composition, Q by mass: copper - 0.6, iron 2.6, titanium - 0.28, zirconium - 0.15, aluminium - the balance.
A master alloy which consists of the following components, X by mass: molybdenum - 1, vanadium - 4, chromium - 4, manganese - 2, aluminium - the balance, is preliminarily produced in an induction furnace. The master-alloy is produced at the temperature of 1,100 C.
The aluminium alloy to be refined having a temperature of 7400C, and the master alloy having a temperature of 1,1000C are charged into a mixer and smelted therein under stirring. The thus-produced melt has the following composition, X by mass: copper - 5.3, iron 2.5, titanium - 0.2, zirconium - 0.1, molybdenum - 0.1, vanadium - 0.4 chromium - 0.4, manganese - 0.2, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (Mo+V+Cr+Mn):(Fe+ Ti+Zr) in the melt is equal to 0.39, the mass ratio (lo+V):(Cr+Mn) is equal to 0.83.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 65000. The cooled melt is filtered at this temperature to give a filtrate of the following composition, X by mass: copper - 4.8, iron - 0.4, titanium - 0,02, zirconium - - molybdenum 0.005,molybdenum-0.05,vanadium-0.08,chromium 0.005 , vanadium - 0.08, chromium - 0.1, manganese - 0.02, aluminium - the balance.
Example 9
Refined is an aluminium alloy which has the following composition, Sk by mass: zinc - 8.0, iron - 1.8, titanium - 0.5, zirconium - 0.15, aluminium - the balan Ce A master alloy which consists of the following components, L by mass: molybdenum - 0.5, tungsten - 0.5, vanadium - 2.0, manganese - 10.0, aluminium - the balance is preliminarily produced in an induction furnace.
The master alloy is produced at ietemperature of 1,100 0C.
The aluminium alloy to be refined having a temperature of 70000 and the master alloy having a temperature of 1,1000C, are charged into a mixer, wherein smelting thereof is effected under agitation. The. thus-produced melt has the following composition, X by mass: zinc 6.5, iron - 1.5, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.1, molybdenum - 0.05, tungsten - 0.05, vanadium - 0.2, manganese - 1.0, aluminium - the balance. The mass ratio (Mo+W+V+Lln):(Pe+Ti+Zr) in the melt is equal to 0.65, the mass ratio (Mo+W+V):Mn is equal to 0.3.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 590 C. The cooled melt is filtered at this temperature to give a filtrate which has the following composition, X by mass: zinc--S .0, iron - 0.3, titanium 0.02, zirconium - 0.005, molybdenum - traces, tungsten - traces, vanadium - 0.04, manganese - 0.2, aluminium - the balance.
Example 10
An aluminium alloy is refined which has the following composition, % by mass: magnesium - 11.0, iron 1.0, titanium - 0.2, zirconium - 0.1, aluminium - the balance The aluminium alloy of the above composition having a temperature of 7000C, is charged into G mixer and smelted with meta additives: tungsten and manganese under stirring. The thus-produced melt has the following composition, Cjo by mass: magnesium - 11.0, iron 1.0, titanium - 0.2, zirconium - 0.1, tungsten - 0.2, manganese - 0.6, aluminium - the balance.The mass ratio (W+Mn):(?e+Ti+Zr) in the said melt is equal to 0.6, the mass ratio ItW Ah is equal to 0.33.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 620 C, whereafter it is filtered at this temperature.
The filtrate has the following composition, so by mass: magnesium - 10,3, iron - 0.15, titanium - 0.03, zirconium - 0.01, tungsten - 0.03, manganese - 0.2, aluminium - the balance.
Example 11 (c omparat ive)
An aluminium alloy of the composition specified in Example 2 is refined by the process described in PCT/SU Application DJo 86/00023. The aluminium alloy has the following composition % by mass: silicon - 11.8, iron - 0.8, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.2, aluminium - the balance.
The aluminium alloy of the above composition to be refined having a temperature of 750 C, is charged into a smelting mixer and smelted with master alloys Al-En and Al-Cr having temperatures 800 C and 820 C respec- tively, which have been produced in an induction furnace.
The master alloys are used in such amounts that the total mass amount of chromium and manganese relates to the total mass amount of the impurities of iron and titanium as 0.2:1 at the mass ratio of chromium to manganese 0.1:1.
As a-resuit of smelting of the aluminium alloy with chromium and manganese a melt is obtained which has the following composition, X by mass: silicon - 11.5, iron 0.8, titanium - 0.4, zirconium - 0.2, chromium - 0.02, manganese - 0.22, aluminium - the balance.
The thus-produced melt is cooled to the tempera 0 ture of 590 C, where after it is filtered at the same temperature.
The resulting filtrate has the following composittion, % by mass: silicon - 11.3, iron - 0.46, titanium - 0.12, zirconium - 0.15, chromium - 0.01, manganese 0.08, aluminium - the balance.
Example 12 (comparative)
An aluminium alloy of the composition described in Example 4, is refined by the process described in P3=/SU Application No.86/00023. The aluminium alloy has the following composition, çh by mass: silicon
12.9, iron - 2.0, titanium - 0.8, zirconium - 0.3, aluminium - the balance.
The aluminium alloy of the above composition having a temperature of 750 O, is charged into a smelting mixer and smelted with master alloy Al-Cr and A1-Ah, having temperatures 8400C and 8800C respectively, which have been produced in an induction furnace. The master alloys are used in such amounts that the total amount of chromium and manganese relates to the total amount of iron and titanium impurities as 0.69:1 by mass, at the mass ratio of chromium to manganese equal to 0.5:1.
As a result, a melt is produced, which has the following composition, X by mass: silicon - 12.2, iron -2.0 titanium - 0.8, zirconium - 0.3, chromium - 0.69, manganese - 1.38, aluminium - the balance.
The resulting melt is cooled to the temperature of 625 0C Whereafter it is filtered at this temperature.
The thus-obtained filtrate has the following composition, % by mass: silicon - 11.3, iron - 0.37, titanium - 0.06, zirconium - 0.2, chromium - 0.24, manganese 0.55, aluminium - the balance.
Table
Parameters Process according to the present
invention
Examples 2 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Output of the
aluminium melt
at the stage
of filtration 98.0 98.1 98.4 98.2 97.9 98.2 2 Content of alu
minium in the residues on the
filter, X 48.8 49 45 43 35 51
Efficiency of refining the aluminium alloy from, ah:: 3 iron 73 68.7 80 91.6 81,8 88,9 4 titanium 93.3 95 92 95.7 92.5 92.5 5 Zirconium 93.3 95 90 92 90 90 6 Tensile stre
ngth of the re
fined aluminium
alloy, SPa 230 200 210 250 180 280 7 Hardness of the
refined alumi
nium alloy- (B) 110 90 105 120 140 80 8 Relative elon
gation of the
refined alumi
nium alloy, * 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.3 2.5
Process according to Process accord the the present invention ing to PCT/SU
Parameters No.86/00023 Example s Example s - 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Out put of the
aluminium melt
at the stage
of filtration * 98.0 98.1 97.9 97.8 97.5 98.0 2 Content of alu
minium in the residues on the
filter, c, 50.5 52 53 52.5 64.3 59.2
Efficiency of refining the aluminium alloy from, 3 iron 80 84 80 85 42.5 81.5 4 titanium 90 90 95 85 70 94 5 zirconiu 95 95 95 90 25 33.3 6 Tensile stre
ngth of the
refined alu
minium alloy, 240 290 350 320 120 120 110 7 Hardness of
the refined
aluminium
alloy (HB) 95 80 60 70 60 60 8 Relative elon
gation of the
refined alumi
nium alloy, ; 2.0 8.5 16.0 12.0 3.3 3.7
The table shows the technical and economic parameters of the process according to the present invention and of the known process, which illustrate the advantages of the process according to the present invention.
Thus, upon refining of an aluminium alloy (Example 2) consisting of 11,8 by mass of silicon, 0.8% by mass of iron, 0.4,o by mass of titanium, 0.2% by mass of zirconium, aluminium being the balance, by the process according to the present invention in comparison with the known process the following advantages are achieved (Example 11):
1. Increasing the output of the aluminium melt at the stage of filtration from 97.5 to 98.1%, i.e. by 0.6%.
2. Reduction of the aluminium content in the residues cn the filter from 64.3 to 49%, i.e. by 15.3.
3. Increasing the efficiency of refining of the aluminium alloy from iron from 42.5 to 68.7%, i.e. by 26.2%.
4. Increasing the efficiency of refining of the aluminium alloy from titanium frcm 70 to 95*, i.e. by 25i;3.
5. Increasing the efficiency of refining of the aluminium from zirconium from 25 to 95-,a, i.e. 70%.
6. Rising the ultimate strength of the refined aluminium alloy from 120 to 200 MPa, i.e. by 1.6 times.
7. Rising the hardness (HB) of the refined aluminium alloy from 60 to 90, i.e. by 1.5 times.
8. Decreasing the relative elongation (plasticity) of the refined alloy from 3.3 to 1.5w, i.e. by 2.2 times.
In sddition to these advantages, the process according to the present invention enables reduction of the residual total content of metal additives in the refined alloy from 0.09 to 0.025çh by mass, i.e. by 3.6 times.
Upon ref ining of the aluminium alloy, for example, which consists of 12.9 by mass of silicon, 2.0* by mass of iron, 0,8cm by mass of titanium, 0.3* by mass of zirconium, the balance - aluminium, the process according to the present invention (Example 4) makes it possible to achieve the following advantages in comparison with the known process (Example 12):
1. Increasing the output of the aluminium melt at the stage of filtration from 98.0 to 98.2*, i.e. by 0.2w.
2. reduction of the aluminium content in the residues on the filter from 59.2 to 43-,-v, i.e. by 16.2*.
3. Increasing the efficiency of refining of the aluminium alloy from iron from 81.5 to 91.6X, i.e. by 10.1*.
4. Increasing the efficiency of refining of the aluminium alloy from titanium from 94 to 95.7*, i.e.
by 1.7X.
5. Increasing the efficiency of refining of the aluminium alloy to remove zirconium from 33.3 to 92s, i.e. by 58.7%.
6. Increasing the ultimate strength of the refined aluminium alloy from 110 to 250 MPa, i.e. by 2.2 times.
7. Increasing the hardness (HB) of the refined aluminium alloy from 60 to 120, i.e. by 2 times.
8. Decreasing the relative elongation (plasticity) of the refined alloy from 3.7 to 0.5,v, i.e. by 7.4 times.
In addition to these advantages, the process according to the present invention makes it possible to reduce the residual total content of metal additives in the refined alloys from 0.79 to 0.1* by mass, i.e.
by 7.9 times.
It should be noted, that the process according to the present invention can be employed for refining of aluminium-silicon alloys both of eutectic composition (Examples 1-4), hypoeutectic, (Examples 6,7) and hypereutectic (Example 5) compositions. Furthermore, the process according to the present invention can be used successfully for refining other aluminium alloys, for example, an alloy of copper with zinc (Example 8), an alloy of aluminium with zinc (Example 9), an alloy of aluminium with magnesium (Example 10).
Apart from the above-mentioned advantages, the process according to the present invention makes it possible to involve into production secondary aluminium alloys contaminated with iron, titanium and zirconium. Refining of these secondary alloys by the process according to present invention makes it possible t o produce a wide range of high-quality aluminium alloys.
Industrial Applicability
The present invention is useful in the nonfer- rous metallurgy and mechanical engineering for refining aluminium alloys to remove impurities of iron, titanium and zirconium, wherein the alloys to be refined can be both primary and secondary alloys.
Claims (1)
- What is claimed is:A process for refining aluminium alloys from impurities of iron, titanium, and zirconium, comprising smelting of an aluminium alloy with a metal additive - chromium and/or manganese, cooling of the resulting melt to 590-700 C, and filtering of the cooled melt within said temperature range, characterized in that smelting of the aluminium alloy with chromium and/or manganese is carried out in the presence of an additive of at least one of metals: molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, said metal additives being used in such an amount as to provide in the melt prior to the filtering thereof a mass ratio (o and/or W and/or V+Cr and/or Mn): (Pe+Ti+Zr) equal to O.2-2.0 and a mass ratio (tto and/or W and/or V):(Cr and/or Mn) equal to 0.03-10.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SU1987/000090 WO1989001986A1 (en) | 1987-08-25 | 1987-08-25 | Method for refining aluminium alloys |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8908790D0 GB8908790D0 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| GB2220214A true GB2220214A (en) | 1990-01-04 |
| GB2220214B GB2220214B (en) | 1990-12-19 |
Family
ID=21617129
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8908790A Expired - Fee Related GB2220214B (en) | 1987-08-25 | 1987-08-25 | Process for refining aluminium alloys |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02500600A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU602038B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8707988A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3791001T1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2620461B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2220214B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1989001986A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2801060A1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-18 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HALF-PRODUCTS OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS USING RECYCLED MATERIALS |
| US6454832B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2002-09-24 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Aluminium alloy semi-finished product manufacturing process using recycled raw materials |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6800128B2 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-12-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | How to regenerate Al alloy |
| JP6667485B2 (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2020-03-18 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Recycling method of Al alloy |
| CN112410602A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-26 | 湖南森科有色金属有限公司 | Application of aluminum alloy additive in aluminum alloy casting |
| WO2023079851A1 (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-05-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method for removing impurities, method for producing aluminum-based alloy, and method for producing aluminum-based alloy material |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3765878A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1973-10-16 | Reynolds Metals Co | Aluminum-silicon alloying process |
| US3849123A (en) * | 1972-11-07 | 1974-11-19 | E Webster | Incorporation of solid additives into molten aluminum |
| WO1983000508A1 (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-02-17 | Aluminum Co Of America | Treating molten aluminum |
| EP0185540A2 (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1986-06-25 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Limited | Method of refining grains fo primary silicon in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191326026A (en) * | 1912-11-15 | 1914-04-30 | Joseph Charles Gelly | Flux for Aluminium and its Alloys and Process for Manufacturing the same. |
| US1896201A (en) * | 1931-01-17 | 1933-02-07 | American Lurgi Corp | Process of separating oxides and gases from molten aluminum and aluminium alloys |
| US2464610A (en) * | 1940-07-08 | 1949-03-15 | Spolek | Method for producing aluminumsilicon alloys |
| FR976205A (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1951-03-15 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Process for removing metallic impurities in metals or alloys, in particular in aluminum alloys |
| FR979569A (en) * | 1948-12-03 | 1951-04-27 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | A method of removing unwanted alloying elements or metallic impurities in metals or alloys, particularly in aluminum alloys |
| US3198625A (en) * | 1961-02-08 | 1965-08-03 | Aluminum Co Of America | Purification of aluminum |
| AU586014B2 (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1989-06-29 | Dnepropetrovsky Aljuminievy Zavod | Refining eutectic al-si alloy from fe and ti impurities |
-
1987
- 1987-08-25 JP JP50701287A patent/JPH02500600A/en active Pending
- 1987-08-25 BR BR8707988A patent/BR8707988A/en unknown
- 1987-08-25 AU AU82706/87A patent/AU602038B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-08-25 WO PCT/SU1987/000090 patent/WO1989001986A1/en active Application Filing
- 1987-08-25 DE DE19873791001 patent/DE3791001T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-08-25 GB GB8908790A patent/GB2220214B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-16 FR FR8712833A patent/FR2620461B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3765878A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1973-10-16 | Reynolds Metals Co | Aluminum-silicon alloying process |
| US3849123A (en) * | 1972-11-07 | 1974-11-19 | E Webster | Incorporation of solid additives into molten aluminum |
| WO1983000508A1 (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-02-17 | Aluminum Co Of America | Treating molten aluminum |
| EP0185540A2 (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1986-06-25 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Limited | Method of refining grains fo primary silicon in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| R.I. Pagulina et al. "Elektrotermia kremnia i si * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2801060A1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-18 | Pechiney Rhenalu | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING HALF-PRODUCTS OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS USING RECYCLED MATERIALS |
| EP1101830A1 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-23 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Process of making semi-finished products consisting of aluminium alloys by using recycled scrap materials |
| US6293990B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2001-09-25 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Aluminum alloy semi-finished product manufacturing process using recycled raw materials |
| US6454832B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2002-09-24 | Pechiney Rhenalu | Aluminium alloy semi-finished product manufacturing process using recycled raw materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02500600A (en) | 1990-03-01 |
| WO1989001986A1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
| GB2220214B (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| FR2620461A1 (en) | 1989-03-17 |
| GB8908790D0 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| AU8270687A (en) | 1989-03-31 |
| FR2620461B1 (en) | 1990-02-02 |
| DE3791001T1 (en) | 1989-09-07 |
| AU602038B2 (en) | 1990-09-27 |
| BR8707988A (en) | 1990-03-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920825 |