GB2179150A - Method for predicting the quality of flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality - Google Patents

Method for predicting the quality of flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2179150A
GB2179150A GB08619834A GB8619834A GB2179150A GB 2179150 A GB2179150 A GB 2179150A GB 08619834 A GB08619834 A GB 08619834A GB 8619834 A GB8619834 A GB 8619834A GB 2179150 A GB2179150 A GB 2179150A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
flesh
quality
livestock
lysis percentage
threshold value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08619834A
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GB8619834D0 (en
GB2179150B (en
Inventor
Dr Valeria Duschanek
Radomir Lasztity
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GODOLLOI AGRAR EGYET
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GODOLLOI AGRAR EGYET
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Publication of GB8619834D0 publication Critical patent/GB8619834D0/en
Publication of GB2179150A publication Critical patent/GB2179150A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2179150B publication Critical patent/GB2179150B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/56—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving blood clotting factors, e.g. involving thrombin, thromboplastin, fibrinogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/745—Assays involving non-enzymic blood coagulation factors
    • G01N2333/75—Fibrin; Fibrinogen

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel method for predicting the quality of the flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality by using the determination of the fibrinolytic activity. According to the method of the invention, the fibrinolytic activity is measured in the fresh blood taken from the livestock, the lysis percentage is determined therefrom, then the animals showing a lysis percentage lower than a threshold value, depending on the species and variety of the animal, are bred further, whereas the animals showing a lysis percentage higher than this threshold value are at once or gradually excluded from the breeding.

Description

SPECIFICATION Method for predicting the quality of flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality This invention relates to a method for predicting the quality of the flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality by using the determination of the fibrinolytic activity.
At present, the halothane test/Augustini et al.: Die Fleischwirtschaft, 57, 1028 (1977)/ and the creatine kinase (CK) activity test/Berek et al.: AllattenyBsztBs (in English: "Animal Breeding") 29, 445 (1980/ are used in practice for predicting the flesh quality of livestock, i.e. for establishing the stress condition or defective flesh quality, respectively (or using the terminology of experts of the animal breeding: PSE, i.e. pale soft exsudative; see; E.J. Briskey: Adv. Food Res. 13, 89 (1964); or DFD, i.e. dark, firm, dry, see: ibid 13, 89 (1964).
The principle of the halothane test, which is used only for evaluating the stress condition of swine, consists in the investigation whether the swine anaesthetized by halothane sleeps in a relaxed or in a spastic state. The animals which have fallen asleep in a spastic state and thus, are stess-sensitive, are gradually removed from the further breeding; This method is useful for examination of the sensitivity to stress, however, the flesh quality cannot unambiguously be predicted by using this method. A further important drawback appears in that this method is dangerous as 4 to 5 of 100 swines perish within one experiment.
The principle of the CK activity test is to take a blood sample from the vein of the animal, to determine the activity of the creatine kinase and to make a conclusion therefrom for the stress sensitivity and thus, indirectly for the flesh quality of the animal. According to the authors of this test method, the level of the correlation between the CK activity and flesh quality is not better then 49 YO (i.e. the good quality of flesh can be predicted only for 49 from 100 animals). Thus, this method is not sufficiently reliable.
P. Sellier /Vágóállat- es hústermelés (in English: "Slaughter Animal and Flesh Production") 10, 42 (1980)/ describes a method for predicting the stress sensitivity of animals.
The principle of this method is that the presence of the HAL3 gene is detected which is characteristic of stress-sensitive animals. This method is useful for verifying the biological heredity of the stress sensitivity but cannot be used to predict the flesh quality with a high probability.
For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that in industrial practice, the pH determination in a defined muscle group is used for qualifying the flesh of slaughtered animals.
However, this method is only useful for a technological flesh selection and, obviously, it cannot be used for prediction.
At present, the determination of the fibrinolytic activity is used in medicinal practice for investigation of very infrequent (singular) clinical conditions, e.g. of the absence of a blood factor.
The invention is aiming at the elaboration of a method by use of which the flesh quality of the livestock could be predicted and thereby, the animals suitable for further breeding could be selected from the stress-sensitive animals giving a deficient flesh quality.
It has been recognized that, by measuring the fibrinolytic activity in the blood taken from the livestock and determining therefrom the lysis percentage, there exists a threshold value of this lysis percentage depending on the species and variety of the animal, on the basis of which the livestock can be classified according to the above-mentioned view-points, i.e. the animals giving a good flesh quality can be selected from those giving an insufficient quality and in this way the quality of the flesh can be predicted.
Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for predicting the flesh quality of livestocks and for selecting on the basis of the flesh quality.
In accordance with the invention the fibrinolytic activity is measured in fresh blood taken from the livestock, the percentage of the lysis is determined therefrom, then the animals showing a lysis percentage lower than a threshold value, depending on the species and variety of the animal, are bred further, whereas the animals showing a lysis percentage higher than this threshold value are at once or gradually excluded from the breeding.
In the practice, the method of the invention is carried out as follows: First above all, it should be noted that in principle, the method of the invention may be used on any of the livestocks taking the biochemical basis of the invention into consideration. Practically, however, the process of the invention bears a particular importance in the breeding of swine, cattle, horse, poultry, sheep and rabbit.
The blood sample is suitable taken from the ear or jugular vein of the livestock under conditions making possible that the blood sample is free of any haemolysis. For taking the blood sample, a syringe is suitably employed, whereas a medium containing an anticoagulant, e.g. a trisodium citrate solution of 3,8%, is used for receiving the blood sample.
The fibrinolytic activity is determined in the blood sample taken as described above by using a method known per se, e.g. according to Fearnley /Clin. Sci. 16, 646 (1957)/. The percentage of the lysis which is characteristic of the activity, is obtained by comparing the measured value to the standard one.
Considering the variability of the biochemical condition of the livestock, it is suitable to determine the lysis percentage in three repetitions from blood samples repeatedly taken for three days under a minimum stress condition.
The threshold value of the lysis percentage is about 30 % for the swine; it is characteristic of the species and variety; however, it can be varied according to the blood line.
Hereinafter, such areas of the animal breeding and meat-processing industry will be set out where the method of the invention can be used efficiently.
By using the method of the invention, the flesh quality of the livestock can be predicted.
This means that, after measuring the fibrinolytic activity in accordance with the method of the invention and after determining the lysis percentage therefrom, it can be predicted whether after slaughtering the livestock, a flesh of PSE quality (i.e. of poor quality) or a flesh of DFD quality (i.e. a normal flesh of good quality) is obtained.
The method of predicting the quality of flesh according to the invention shows on the swine a correlation of 71.1 % with the flesh quality determined by the traditional method based on the pH, and pH 24 value measurement of the flesh of slaughtered animal /R.
Hamm and R. Potthast: Die Fleischwirtschaft 52, 200 (1972)/, whereas this correlation is not more than 49 % by using the CK activity test described above under the prior art. It is obvious that the quality of the flesh can be significantly predicted in a more reliable way by using the method of the invention, a fact bearing an extreme importance from the viewpoint of the slaughterhouse practice, because it makes possible to select the animals giving a flesh of defective (poor) quality and to work up them according to the quality of the flesh.
By using the method of the invention, the operation of selecting according to flesh parts after slaughtering can be omitted.
An other field of using the method of the invention consists in the continuous improvement of the flesh quality in a defined population and in the breeding of a stress-resistant population with a normal flesh quality. Namely, by using the method of the invention for the continous selection of breeding animals in a defined population, the flesh quality of the offspring will continuously be improved. The halothane test mentioned above in the description of the prior art is only useful for screening the stress sensitivity and on using this test, the separation of the animals with a poor flesh quality cannot be realized, even a poor flesh quality can be caused in the stress-resistant animals as a consequence of enzyme inductor properties of this test.
If according to the method of the invention a population with an improved flesh quality is established by using the selection based on the flesh quality, it can be expected that other important properties of this population such as the stress-resistance, utilisation efficiency of the feed and even the general genetic characteristic will be improved. Thus, it can be seen that a melioration of the constitution will be in general provided for by the selection according to the method of the invention, in addition to the prediction of the flesh quality and to the increased improvement of the flesh quality within a defined population.
The method of the invention gives an aid to resolve the opposition between the quantity and quality of the flesh which is a problem in the breeding of fatted animals as this method makes possible to find the economical optimum in the flesh production.
Other advantages of the method of the invention seem to be obvious on the basis of the above described facts.
The method of the invention will be illustrated in detail with the aid of the following non-limiting Example.
Example From groups consisting of 100 swines each with a hybride construction from "Hungarian great white" and "Dutch plain" marked for ham production in the slaughterhouse, 10 to 12 swines are randomly selected and a blood sample is taken from each animal into a trisodium citrate solution of 3.8 % in the moment of the slaughtering. In the thus-obtained samples, the fibrinolytic activity is determined by using the above-mentioned method of Fearnley and simultaneously, after slaughtering, pHl and pH24 measurements are carried out on the selected swines by using the method described in the above-mentioned literature; or a GdFO24 colour determination is performed /see: J.Dohy: Allattenyésztési Genetika (in English: "Animal Breeding Genetics") pp. 133, 153 and 200, Ed. Mez6gazdasBgi Kiad6, Budapest (1979)/ and the flesh quality is determined on the basis of these measurements.
The fibrinolytic activity is calculated by comparing the value obtained to the standard value and the correlation of the thus-obtained lysis percentage to the flesh quality determined by using the traditional methods is established. The flesh quality determined on the basis of the lysis percentage according to the invention shows a correlation of 71. 1 % with the flesh quality determined on the basis of the pH1 value, whereas this correlation is 67 % with the flesh quality measured by using the pH1 and pH24 values and 68.5 % with the flesh quality determined by using the GÖFO24 value. The correlation is 56 % with the flesh quality determined by using the CK activity test method. It is obvious that, on the one hand, the method of the invention is in good correlation with the known methods, the disadvantages of which had been described above; and, on the other hand, the method according to the invention is per se more use ful for the determination of the flesh quality.

Claims (4)

1. A method for the prediction of the flesh quality of livestock and for making selections based on the flesh quality, which comprises measuring the fibrinolytic activity in fresh blood taken from the livestock, determining the lysis percentage therefrom, breeding further the animals showing a lysis percentage lowe than a threshold value, depending on the species and variety of the animal, and gradually or totally excluding from breeding those animals showing a lysis percentage higher than this threshold value.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, which comprises taking 30% as the threshold value of the lysis percentage for swine.
3. A method of predicting the flesh quality of livestock which comprises measuring the fibrinolytic activity in fresh blood taken from the livestock and determining the lysis percentage therefrom.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 3 substantially as hereinbefore described.
GB8619834A 1985-08-15 1986-08-14 Method for predicting the quality of flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality Expired GB2179150B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU853147A HU193126B (en) 1985-08-15 1985-08-15 Method for forecasting quality of flesh of the livestocks and for selecting livestocks on the basis of this

Publications (3)

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GB8619834D0 GB8619834D0 (en) 1986-09-24
GB2179150A true GB2179150A (en) 1987-02-25
GB2179150B GB2179150B (en) 1989-09-20

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GB8619834A Expired GB2179150B (en) 1985-08-15 1986-08-14 Method for predicting the quality of flesh and for selecting on the basis of flesh quality

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JP (1) JPS6269941A (en)
CN (1) CN86105263A (en)
AT (1) ATA219786A (en)
BE (1) BE905268A (en)
CH (1) CH672027A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3624048A1 (en)
DK (1) DK164794C (en)
FI (1) FI863323A (en)
FR (1) FR2586165B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2179150B (en)
HU (1) HU193126B (en)
NL (1) NL8602064A (en)
NO (1) NO170907C (en)
SE (1) SE464783B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5083941B2 (en) * 2007-03-07 2012-11-28 学校法人北里研究所 Method for judging fattening finish of food animals
US20140316714A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2014-10-23 School Corporation, Azabu Veterinary Medicine Educational Institution Method for predicting beef marbling standard (bms) numbers using coat mineral composition
CN105606778B (en) * 2016-03-07 2018-03-23 浙江工商大学 A kind of live pig white muscles (PSE meat) quick determination method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3502878A1 (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-07-31 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE FIBRINOLYTIC STATE OF PLASMA

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Publication number Publication date
FR2586165B1 (en) 1989-12-22
SE8603423L (en) 1987-02-16
DK164794B (en) 1992-08-17
GB8619834D0 (en) 1986-09-24
JPS6269941A (en) 1987-03-31
FI863323A (en) 1987-02-16
NO170907B (en) 1992-09-14
CH672027A5 (en) 1989-10-13
NO170907C (en) 1992-12-23
BE905268A (en) 1986-12-01
NL8602064A (en) 1987-03-02
SE8603423D0 (en) 1986-08-14
NO863280D0 (en) 1986-08-14
DE3624048A1 (en) 1987-02-19
DK388186A (en) 1987-02-16
GB2179150B (en) 1989-09-20
CN86105263A (en) 1987-07-01
NO863280L (en) 1987-02-16
HU193126B (en) 1987-08-28
ATA219786A (en) 1993-12-15
DK388186D0 (en) 1986-08-14
SE464783B (en) 1991-06-10
DK164794C (en) 1993-01-04
FI863323A0 (en) 1986-08-15
FR2586165A1 (en) 1987-02-20

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19930814