GB2125541A - Method and device for determination of dust content in dust gas flows - Google Patents
Method and device for determination of dust content in dust gas flows Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2125541A GB2125541A GB08223339A GB8223339A GB2125541A GB 2125541 A GB2125541 A GB 2125541A GB 08223339 A GB08223339 A GB 08223339A GB 8223339 A GB8223339 A GB 8223339A GB 2125541 A GB2125541 A GB 2125541A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- dust
- gas
- determination
- detector
- beta
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005461 Bremsstrahlung Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001370 static light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/102—Different kinds of radiation or particles beta or electrons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/638—Specific applications or type of materials gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/651—Specific applications or type of materials dust
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to method and device for determination of dust content in dust-gas flows and is intended to achieve a continuous control over the dust quantity in dust-gas mixtures from industrial units and others, both in front of and after respective filter appliances, wherein neither the physical-chemical properties of the dust and those of the gas, nor the dynamic parameters of the dust-gas flow, nor a wide range of dust concentrations, exert any influence on the results of the measurement. The method comprises measurement of the braking radiation (bremsstrahlung) originating from the dust particles during irradiation of the work volume using a beta-ray source 2 provided with an appropriate collimator 3 and detector 4, wherein the transmitted beta rays are absorbed by a filter 5 in front of said detector 4, and the signal so obtained is subsequently treated. The information output can be as necessary in digital form or a continuous record. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method and device for determination of dust content in dust gas flow
This invention relates to method and device for determination of dust content in dust-gas flows and is intended to achieve a continuous control over the dust quantity in dust-gas mixtures from industrial units and others, both in front of and after the respective filter appliances.
There are two main groups of methods and devices known in practice for solving this problem. The first group consists of a methods and devices involving separation of the solid phase from the disperse medium. Such methods and devices are based on the weighing principles, the tracer method and some versions of the optical methods. The drawbacks of these methods and devices consist mainly in the cyclic nature of the measurement, the high labour consumption and as well as the low sensitivity due to the prolonged sampling times (up to several hours) required for measuring low concentrations.
The second group consists of methods and devices not involving separation of the solid phase. The most commonly used methods and devices of this group are (a) methods and devices based on the principle of integrated light scattering, wherein the mass concentration of dust is determined by measuring the total intensity of the light scattered by the dust-gas flow; (2) holographic methods and devices based on Frahoffner holograms which represent superimposed diffraction patterns of the field particles and the light source, such methods and devices permitting one to obtain information about the number, size and the disposition of the particles in the space; (3) contact-electric methods and devices, which are based on the capability of dust particles to become electrified when they come into contact with solid materials; and (4) piezoelectric methods and devices, which find application in the determination of dust contents by means of the summation of the electric pulses created by collisions between the dust particles and a piezoelectric crystal introduced in the dust-gas flow.
The methods and devices of the above group conform to the requirement for continuous measurement but possess also a number of disadvantages, which restrict their practical application. These disadvantages include the strong influence on the results of the measurement, exerted by such factors as the physical and chemical properties and the size of the particles (in the case of the piezoelectric and holographic methods); the dispersion composition; the velocity, temperature and humidity of the particles (in the case of the contact-electric method); and the colour of the dust gas flow (in the case of the optical methods). All these factors result in considerable restriction of the applicability of the devices developed on the basis of the above methods especially in the case of low dust concentrations.
A task of this invention is to provide method and device for continuous determination of dust content in dust-gas flows, wherein neither the physical-chemical properties of the dust and those of the gas nor the dynamic parameters of the dust-gas flow, exert any influence on the results of the measurement. Another task of this invention is to provide both the required precision when measuring low concentrations and the possibility for automatic recording of results.
These tasks are solved by a method, implemented in a device for determination of dust content in dust-gas flows, thereby achieving continuous control over the dust quantity in dustgas mixtures from industrial units both in front of and after respective filter appliances. The method and device comprise measurement of the braking radiation originating from the dust particles during irradiation of the work volume using a beta-ray source provided with an appropriate collimator and detector, wherein the transmitted beta rays are absorbed by respective filter in front of the detector, and the signal so obtained is subsequently treated. The information output can be as necessary be in digital arrow form or a continuous record.
The advantages of the method are that the measurement is carried out directly in the work volume of the gas dust and the information so obtained is from a relatively great amount of the dust-gas flow. Since a registration of the induced braking radiation is made and there is a unique dependence between the intensity of the radiation and the dust concentration, a possibility is created for higher precision when measuring low concentrations, a range where the above methods admit considerable errors.
The advantages of the device are that the measurement is accomplished automatically and continuously. The device provides for the necessary collimation of the radiation source as well as selection of the radiation being recorded. The device implements the method of invention on an industrial scale.
The results of measurements made using the method and the device of present invention are not influenced by the diameter of the gas duct, by the particle size, or by the temperature, humidity, colour and velocity of the dust-gas flow. In order to achieve the maximum sensitivity and precision when implementing the method in particular production, it is necessary for one to select an appropriate radiation source (i.e. the half-life, energy and activity of the source) taking into account the chemical composition of the dust and the gas duct diameter respectively.
The method and the general operation of the device according to present invention is illustrated by the following Examples, wherein reference is made to the single Figure of the drawings.
Example 1
The experimental determination of the dust content of gases evolved during copper production in shaft-type furnaces was performed. The determination was carried out in a gas duct of diameter 1 500 mm, located after the dust bags. Diametrically across the gas duct 1 (see the
Figure) in respective holes were mounted a beta-radiation cource 2 provided with a respective collimator 3, and a group of radiation counters 4. A filter 5 for absorption of the directly transmitted beta radiation was located in front of the counters. The radiation source was mounted so as to exclude the possibility for contamination with dust of its front side. The radiation counters were fixed to a frame of corner iron 6 and were protected against contamination with dust also.During the passage of the beta-particles through the dust-gas mixture, the dust particles induce braking radiation whose intensity is recorded by the counters.
The signal so produced is treated by an intensitometer and then is passed to a recorder for continuous recording.
The results obtained during large scale tests are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Dust content
Indications Dust content (mg/nm3) Error (scale divis.) (mg. nm3) (Weight method) (mg/nm3) 13.0 38 45 -7 12.4 78 70 +3 14.4 73 72 + 1 12.0 95 85 +10 11.6 117 120 -3 11.3 142 150 -8 11.4 145 150 -5
9.2 260 250 +10
7.6 360 370 - 10 The apparatus was calibrated by the known weight methods (using cartridges of NIOGAS) for a time of 14 days continuous operation.
Example 2
Similar experiments were carried out using the same device and the same gas duct except that the measurement was taken in front of the gas bags. The results, given in Table 2, prove the applicability of the method and the device for determination of high dust concentrations in dust-gas f!ows.
Table 2
Number of Dust content pulses per Dust content (g/nm3) Error min. X 103 (g/nm3) (Weight method) (g/nm3) 1.10 0.55 0.62 -0.07 1.20 0.65 0.75 -0.10 2.35 3.50 3.50 0 3.25 6.90 6.70 + 0.20 5.00 10.90 10.80 +0.10
Claims (4)
1. A method for the determination of the dust content of a dust-gas flow (which is intended to achieve a continuous control over the dust quantity in dust-gas mixtures from industrial units both upstream and downstream of respective filter appliances), comprising measuring the intensity of braking radiation induced by the dust particles during irradiation of the work volume with a beta-ray source.
2. A method according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the Figure.
3. A device for implementation of the method according to claim 1, including a beta radiation source and a detector, wherein, in front of said radiation source, there is provided a collimator, and wherein, in front of said detector, there is mounted a filter ensuring only the registration of the induced braking radiation to obtain a signal for subsequent treatment.
4. A device according to claim 3, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference ot the Figure.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08223339A GB2125541B (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-13 | Method and device for determination of dust content in dust gas flow |
| FR8214421A FR2532053A1 (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-20 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING DUST CONTENT OF GAS-DUST FLOWS |
| AT0334282A AT385129B (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-09-07 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE DUST CONTENT IN DUST GAS FLOWS |
| DE19823234526 DE3234526A1 (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-09-17 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE DUST CONTENT IN DUST GAS FLOWS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08223339A GB2125541B (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-13 | Method and device for determination of dust content in dust gas flow |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2125541A true GB2125541A (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| GB2125541B GB2125541B (en) | 1986-02-12 |
Family
ID=10532286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08223339A Expired GB2125541B (en) | 1982-08-13 | 1982-08-13 | Method and device for determination of dust content in dust gas flow |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT385129B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3234526A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2532053A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2125541B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0183637A1 (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Apparatus for accurate determination of powder content in flowing gas stream |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB785845A (en) * | 1954-05-10 | 1957-11-06 | Ontario Research Foundation | Apparatus for spectrochemical analysis and structural analysis of solids, liquids and gases by means of x-rays |
| GB960373A (en) * | 1959-09-15 | 1964-06-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | X-ray analysis with a source of beta rays |
| GB998196A (en) * | 1962-07-04 | 1965-07-14 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements relating to x-radiation analysis |
| GB1126001A (en) * | 1965-01-06 | 1968-09-05 | United States Steel Corp | Determination of vapor coating rate by x-rays |
| GB1173287A (en) * | 1965-11-22 | 1969-12-03 | Lafarge Ciments Sa | Continous Quantitative Analysis of an Element in a Pulverulent Mixture, Pulp or Paste |
| GB1543702A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1979-04-04 | Leybold Heraeus Inficon | Monitoring vacuum deposition processes |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1274213A (en) * | 1968-06-05 | 1972-05-17 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Improvements in and relating to density-measuring apparatus |
| DE2329247A1 (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1975-01-02 | Krohne Fa Ludwig | Dust measuring device - measures absorption of a radioactive radiation by a geiger counter |
-
1982
- 1982-08-13 GB GB08223339A patent/GB2125541B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-20 FR FR8214421A patent/FR2532053A1/en active Pending
- 1982-09-07 AT AT0334282A patent/AT385129B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-09-17 DE DE19823234526 patent/DE3234526A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB785845A (en) * | 1954-05-10 | 1957-11-06 | Ontario Research Foundation | Apparatus for spectrochemical analysis and structural analysis of solids, liquids and gases by means of x-rays |
| GB960373A (en) * | 1959-09-15 | 1964-06-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | X-ray analysis with a source of beta rays |
| GB998196A (en) * | 1962-07-04 | 1965-07-14 | Ass Elect Ind | Improvements relating to x-radiation analysis |
| GB1126001A (en) * | 1965-01-06 | 1968-09-05 | United States Steel Corp | Determination of vapor coating rate by x-rays |
| GB1173287A (en) * | 1965-11-22 | 1969-12-03 | Lafarge Ciments Sa | Continous Quantitative Analysis of an Element in a Pulverulent Mixture, Pulp or Paste |
| GB1543702A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1979-04-04 | Leybold Heraeus Inficon | Monitoring vacuum deposition processes |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0183637A1 (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-06-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Apparatus for accurate determination of powder content in flowing gas stream |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA334282A (en) | 1987-07-15 |
| FR2532053A1 (en) | 1984-02-24 |
| GB2125541B (en) | 1986-02-12 |
| DE3234526A1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
| AT385129B (en) | 1988-02-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |