GB2124276A - Sealing and/or consolidation agent and method of using it - Google Patents
Sealing and/or consolidation agent and method of using it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2124276A GB2124276A GB08315195A GB8315195A GB2124276A GB 2124276 A GB2124276 A GB 2124276A GB 08315195 A GB08315195 A GB 08315195A GB 8315195 A GB8315195 A GB 8315195A GB 2124276 A GB2124276 A GB 2124276A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- silica
- agent according
- agent
- sealing
- ground
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002713 calcium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007266 Si2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 hydrated lime silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P pentacalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;hydron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A sealing and/or consolidation agent for ground and construction materials is provided comprising a concentrated alkaline solution of non- colloidal silica obtained by dissolving silica with an average particle diameter of less than 100<0>, in soda. The SiO2/Na2O ratio is less than 2 and the silica content greater than 20% by weight. The agent can be used by injection into the ground or material to be treated. If the ground to be treated is poor in hydrated lime, lime or a calcium salt may be added to the agent.
Description
SPECIFICATION Sealing and/or consolidation agent and method of using it
The present invention relates to a sealing and/or consolidation agent for ground and construction materials such as mortars, concretes, masonry, as well as a method of using it.
More particularly, the sealing and/or consolidation agent is intended for the treatment of alluvial deposits or rocks having cavities.
Ground, whether it is a question of fissured rocks or of alluvial deposits, sometimes has to be consolidated to ensure its stability. This is the case when digging excavations or drilling wells, to prevent the caving-in of the walls.
The setting up of pillars or bridges or buildings on such ground may likewise necessitate a consolidation thereof with a view to preventing their subsidence.
Moreover, sealing of such ground may prove necessary when it supports work such as dams.
Mortars, binders and concretes may display certain variations in volume liable to result in more or less deep and wide fissures which are harmful to the water-tightness, to the protection of the reinforcement and possibly to the stability of the work. Moreover, deterioration may occur in time under the influence of certain external agents liable to lead to a more or less pronounced porosity through the dissolving of hydrated salts.
A subsequent treatment of these materials is therefore necessary with a view to improving the water-tightness thereof and/or to consilidating them.
The problem posed by the sealing and/or the consolidation of ground and of construction materials is therefore essentially the same, namely to reach the cavities of the fissures and those present in the alluvial deposits by means of an agent capable of penetrating them easily and of filling them in a durable manner.
The sealing and/or consolidation agents used at present essentially belong to two categories, namely, on the one hand solutions of synthetic resins and on the other hand solutions (or liquid fillings) of alkaline silicates, more particularly sodium or potassium silicates.
The resins or products on a resin base which lead to the formation of polymeric compounds may prove useful in certain cases but it is a question of relatively expensive products, the fluidity of which does not always enable the microfissures or micropores to be reached in depth. Moreover, the injection of resins is a relatively recent technique so that the durability of construction works or ground treated by means of these products is not certain.
The present technique involves using alkaline suspensions of sodium silicate, products which are easily available but which have proved to have numerous disadvantages.
Indeed, the lime present in construction materials and certain ground, once in contact with sodium silicate causes the formation of a silica gel, due to the excess of silica in relation to the sodium in the treatment solutions.
Sodium silicate is in fact a colloidal solution of silicic acid soda and its neutralisation leads to its transformation into gel by electric discharge of the silicic ions when condense to form polysilicic ions.
The premature formation of a silica gel has the consequence of blocking an injection so that certain cavities cannot be reached. Moreover, the gelling is never complete because soda remains in the structure of the gei. On the other hand, the gels obtained are not stable in time and tend to dissociate again releasing soda which constitutes a source of pollution and of instability which is not negligible.
The present invention enables the disadvantages of the known agents to be overcome in that it provides a sealing and/or consolidation agent which can easily be injected even into microfissures of the order of about 10 y and having a very great reactivity with respect to lime, capable of leading to a mineralization of the ground and/or construction materials by the formation of stable and insoluble hydrated lime silicates, more particularly tobermorite (2 SiO2 3
CaO 3 H2O), thus ensuring the lasting quality of the treatment applied to this ground and these materials.
Tests carried out on test-pieces have, indeed, enabled it to be shown that when the agent according to the invention was used, no gelling occurred through precolation through porous micromortars, nor was there any appearance of a layer of gel at the outlet of the test-pieces.
The formation of crystals of hydrated lime silicate, more particularly of tobermorite, by means of the agent according to the invention, was able to be confirmed by various examinations by X-ray diffractometry.
Thus the sealing and/or consolidation agent according to the invention enables:
(a) an excellent injection into the cavities and micrnavifies present in the ground and/or construction materials,
(b) the formation of stable and insoluble hydrated lime silicates,
(c) a stability which is durable in time, of the products formed after injection, and
(d) a quasi-total absence of pollution to be ensured.
The present invention relates to a sealing and/or consolidation agent for ground and/or construction materials, which can be used by injection, characterised in that it appears in the form of a concentrated alkaline solution of silica, which is non-colloidal, obtained by dissolving silica with an average diameter of particles less than 100 N at ambient temperature, in soda, the ratio SiO2/Na20 being less than 2 and the silica content of the solution being greater than about 20% by weight.
The non-colloidal nature of the agent according to the invention has been able to be proved qualitatively by the Tyndall effect (measurement of the nephelometric index).
The silica used may be silica in the pure state or preferably siliceous products containing at least 80 to 90% by weight of SiO2 of a nonvitreous structure.
Among the preferred compounds, particular mention may be made of pyrogenic silicas likewise called smoked silicas which originate from industrial waste, kieselguhr, gaize or silica aerogels.
Since the granulometry of the silica or of the siliceous product is of great importance with a view to obtaining a rapid and complete dissolving in the soda, it should therefore if possible be less than 100 ,u but preferably less than 50 y.
It goes without saying that according to the invention other siliceous products such as those mentioned above may be used insofar as they satisfy the necessary solubility criteria.
The soda used to dissolve the silica preferably appears in the form of a solution comprised between 35 and 27 B, that is to say having a density comprised between about 1.32 and 1.35.
During the dissolving, a certain exothermicity occurs which it is not necessary to control insofar as no unfavourable effect has been noted with regard to the reactivity of the sealing and/or consolidation agent.
The ratio SiO2/Na2O likewise assumes a great importance, which, as indicated above, should be less than 2 but preferably comprised between 1.5 and 1.8. Indeed, in the case of a higher ratio than 2, the silica would tend to form a gel and therefore to prevent a satisfactory injection into the deepest of the microfissures or microcavities.
The maximum content of silica is not critical insofar as the ratio SiO2/Na2O remains below 2.
Nevertheless, for practical reasons relating, in particular, to the viscosity of the agent according to the invention, this content is generally not greater than about 30% by weight and is preferably comprised between 23 and 27%.
It has actually been observed that in order to obtain a satisfactory injection it was desirable that the viscosity of the sealing and/or consolidation agent according to the invention should be comprised between about 5 and 50 cP, preferably between 20 and 30 cP, an appropriate viscosity being able to be obtained by dilution with water.
The agent according to the invention may further contain certain additives capable of improving the penetration into the fissures or cavities.
According to a modification of the invention, the sealing and/or consolidation agent may contain lime or a calcium salt such as calcium chloride, formate, acetate or propionate for example.
The addition of lime or of a calcium salt is more generally recommended for the treatment of certain ground and/or materials which are poor in lime.
In ground and materials rich in hydrated lime, the silica dissolved in the agent according to the invention is able to lead, after reaction, to the formation of hydrated lime silicates (tobermorite). This is not the case, however, with ground and/or materials which are particularly poor in hydrated lime for which it is necessary to make up directly for this absence by an addition of industrial lime or indirectly by means of a calcium salt.
When the agent according to the invention contains lime, this is generally present in a quantity such that the ratio CaO/SiO2 is greater than 0.3, the maximum ratio being 1.50.
According to the invention, a calcium salt is preferably used, more particularly calcium chloride insofar as, after its neutralization by the soda, it leads, not only to the lime formed, but also to a non-polluting salt (sodium chloride).
The dissolved silica therefore reacts with the lime formed to provide insoluble and stable hydrated lime silicates.
The amount of calcium salts should be sufficient with a view to the total neutralization of the soda, since an excess of soda is liable to give rise subsequently to pollution phenomena.
Although an excess of calcium salt may be used, it is preferable, according to the invention, to use the stoichiometric amount necessary for the neutralization of the soda contained in the agent.
Although the enrichment of the sealing and/or consolidation agent according to the invention with calcium salt constitutes a preferred form of embodiment, this contribution may nevertheless be made by injecting a solution of calcium salt prior to the injection of the agent. Such a method necessitates two successive injections, however, and consequently makes the treatment longer and more expensive.
The various studies carried out with the agent according to the invention have enabled it to be shown that the formation of the crystals of tobermorite occurred about 10 hours after the injection and that their formation continued for about 7 days after the injection.
The X-ray diffraction or scanning electronic microscopic examinations have shown a great abundance of crystals of hydrated lime silicates after 7 days.
The very satisfactory reactivity observed is explained by the activity of the dissolved silica and by the freshness of the solution.
The present invention likewise relates to a method of sealing and/or of consolidation, this method consisting in injecting under pressure the agent according to the invention as defined above, into cavities or microcavities in the ground or into fissures or microfissures in construction materials, by means of conventional injection appliances.
The method according to the invention is intended, in particular, for the treatment of ground to be sealed or consolidated, whether it is a question of fissured rocks or of alluvial deposits.
For fissured rocks, a drill-hole is first made and then the agent according to the invention is injected by the techniques known as advancing or rising injection.
For alluvial deposits, because of the risks of cave-ins, a method is used which is now conventional, known as "tube with cuffs" (French
Patent No. 986,619).
The injection pressure is generally comprised between 5 and 20 bars and the amount of consolidation and/or sealing agent between 30 and 40% of the volume of the ground which it is intended to treat.
During the sealing work, the treatment can be checked by taking a sample which is subjected to permeability measurements.
A ground of alluvial deposits having a permeability of about 10-3 m/s will change over to a permeability of about 1 o-6~10-7 m/s after injection and hardening.
With the object of making the invention better understood, one example of embodiment and of use of the sealing and/or consolidation agent according to the invention will now be described by way of illustration and without any limiting character.
Example
A drill-hoie 10 m in depth is made in a ground rich in very permeable lime (permeability of 1 0-2 m/s) with a view to the sealing treatment of a volume of ground of 1 m3. An injection tube is introduced into the drill-hole and the injection of a solution obtained by dissolving 1 70 kg of silica with an average granulometry of about 50 y in 300 litres of sosa at 360B and 70 litres of water (the characteristics of the solution after formation were the following: ratio SiO2/Na2O=1 .8%, SiO2=26.6%; Na2O=1 4.8%; H2O=58.6%, viscosity 40-50 cP), is then effected under an initial pressure of 3 bars. When the refusal pressure has stabilized at about 10 bars, the injection is stopped which has proved to correspond to an amount of solution injected of the order of 320 litres.
After one week, a fresh measurement of the
permeability enabled it to be confirmed that it had
changed to 106 m/s, denoting a perfect sealing
of the ground treated.
Claims (18)
1. A sealing and/or consolidation agent for
ground and construction materials, which can be
used by injection, comprising a concentrated
alkaline solution of silica, which is non-colloidal,
obtained by dissolving silica with an average particle diameter of less than about 100 N in soda at ambient temperature, the ratio Si2O/Na2O being less than 2 and the silica content of the solution being greater than about 20% by weight.
2. An agent according to Claim 1, wherein the silica used in a siliceous product containing at least 80 to 90% by weight of SiO2 of a nonvitreous structure.
3. An agent according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the silica is pyrogenic silica (smoked silica), kieselguhr, gaize or a silica aerogel.
4. An agent according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio SiO2/Na2O is between 1.5 and 1.8.
5. An agent according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the maximum silica content is not greater than about 30% by weight.
6. An agent according to Claim 5, wherein the maximum silica content is between 23 and 27% by weight.
27. An agent as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, wherein it viscosity is between 5 and 50 cP.
8. An agent according to Claim 7, wherein its viscosity is between 20 and 30 cP.
9. An agent according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein it contains lime in a ratio of CaO/SiO2 greater than 0.3 with a maximum ratio of 1.5.
10. An agent according to any one of the
Claims 1 to 8, which contains a calcium salt.
1 An agent according to Claim 10 which contains calcium chloride, formate, acetate or propionate.
12. An agent according to Claim 11 which contains calcium chloride.
13. An agent according to Claim 10, wherein the calcium salt is present in an amount enabling the soda to be totally neutralised.
14. A method of sealing and/or consolidating ground and construction materials, which comprises injecting under pressure, by conventional techniques, a sealing and/or consolidation agent as claimed in any one of the
Claims 1 to 13.
1 5. A method according to Claim 14, wherein prior to the injection of the sealing and/or consolidation agent as claimed in any one of the
Claims 1 to 13 a solution of a calcium salt is injected.
1 6. A method according to Claim 15, wherein the solution of calcium salt is a solution of calcium chloride.
17. A sealing and/or consolidation agent substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying example.
18. A method of sealing and/or consolidating ground and construction materials substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying example.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU84196A LU84196A1 (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1982-06-11 | AGENT FOR WATERPROOFING AND / OR CONSOLIDATION OF SOILS AND / OR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8315195D0 GB8315195D0 (en) | 1983-07-06 |
| GB2124276A true GB2124276A (en) | 1984-02-15 |
| GB2124276B GB2124276B (en) | 1985-09-25 |
Family
ID=19729897
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08315195A Expired GB2124276B (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1983-06-02 | Sealing and/or consolidation agent and method of using it |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5915478A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR870001414B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT388584B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2528441B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2124276B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK62987A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1154641B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU84196A1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG36087G (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0417881A1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-20 | Terran Research, Inc. | Method of sealing permeable unconsolidated materials |
| US5059251A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1991-10-22 | Societe Anonyme Dite - Soletanche | Injection product for sealing and/or consolidating soils and building materials, and a method for its employment |
| WO1998004649A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Notwheat Pty. Ltd. | Method of ground treatment |
| WO1998004648A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Notwheat Pty. Ltd. | Method of treatment of fluid material |
| WO1998004647A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Notwheat Pty. Ltd. | Method of sealing reservoirs containing aqueous media |
| US6857824B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2005-02-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Sealing composition and its use |
| EP2055683A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-06 | PRAD Research and Development N.V. | Sealant Composition |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3329913C2 (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1986-01-23 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Method of fastening sand |
| FR2571734B1 (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1993-06-11 | Sif Entreprise Bachy | CURABLE GRANULAR GROUT BASED ON MINERAL PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR CONSOLIDATION AND / OR SEALING OF FINE GRANULAR SOILS AND FINELY CRACKED SOILS USING THE SAME |
| FR2583441B1 (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1988-02-26 | Soletanche | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POWDER SUSPENSIONS IN A LIQUID, INTENDED TO BE INJECTED IN SOILS OR FINE OR VERY FINE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
| US5017233A (en) * | 1985-08-01 | 1991-05-21 | Soltanche | Method of rendering soils impervious and products for carrying out the method |
| FR2585698B1 (en) * | 1985-08-01 | 1993-05-07 | Soletanche | PROCESS FOR WATERPROOFING OF SOILS AND PRODUCTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS |
| JPH07116437B2 (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1995-12-13 | 強化土エンジニヤリング株式会社 | Material for consolidation |
| FR2637925A1 (en) * | 1988-10-18 | 1990-04-20 | Ass Tech Rech Indle | Process for consolidating moving soils and more particularly clay soils |
| FR2697830B1 (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1995-01-27 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Process for the preparation of injectable grout. |
| FR2705338B1 (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-08-18 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Liquid grout for consolidation or sealing of floors. |
| KR20030024097A (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-03-26 | 한일건재공업 주식회사 | foundation structure construction method and construction substance |
| WO2003033618A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-24 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Sealing composition and its use |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS514816A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1976-01-16 | Kyokado Eng Co | YAKUEKICHUNYUKOHO |
| JPS5418845B2 (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1979-07-11 | ||
| JPS5226515A (en) * | 1975-08-27 | 1977-02-28 | Nippon Chemical Ind | Method of manufacturing hydrated alkali silicate glass |
| FR2486956A1 (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1982-01-22 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Stable alkali silicate soln. of high silica content - obtd. by treating soln. with strong mineral acid |
-
1982
- 1982-06-11 LU LU84196A patent/LU84196A1/en unknown
- 1982-12-07 AT AT0445582A patent/AT388584B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-16 IT IT24812/82A patent/IT1154641B/en active
-
1983
- 1983-06-02 GB GB08315195A patent/GB2124276B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-10 JP JP58104070A patent/JPS5915478A/en active Granted
- 1983-06-10 FR FR8309647A patent/FR2528441B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-06-10 KR KR1019830002585A patent/KR870001414B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-04-22 SG SG360/87A patent/SG36087G/en unknown
- 1987-08-27 HK HK629/87A patent/HK62987A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5059251A (en) * | 1988-04-01 | 1991-10-22 | Societe Anonyme Dite - Soletanche | Injection product for sealing and/or consolidating soils and building materials, and a method for its employment |
| EP0417881A1 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-03-20 | Terran Research, Inc. | Method of sealing permeable unconsolidated materials |
| WO1998004649A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Notwheat Pty. Ltd. | Method of ground treatment |
| WO1998004648A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Notwheat Pty. Ltd. | Method of treatment of fluid material |
| WO1998004647A1 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-05 | Notwheat Pty. Ltd. | Method of sealing reservoirs containing aqueous media |
| US6857824B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2005-02-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Sealing composition and its use |
| US6869256B2 (en) | 2001-10-18 | 2005-03-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Sealing composition and its use |
| EP2055683A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-06 | PRAD Research and Development N.V. | Sealant Composition |
| WO2009056291A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-07 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Sealant composition |
| US8158563B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2012-04-17 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Sealant composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LU84196A1 (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| JPS5915478A (en) | 1984-01-26 |
| HK62987A (en) | 1987-09-04 |
| KR840004937A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| AT388584B (en) | 1989-07-25 |
| FR2528441A1 (en) | 1983-12-16 |
| SG36087G (en) | 1987-07-24 |
| ATA445582A (en) | 1988-12-15 |
| IT8224812A0 (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| FR2528441B1 (en) | 1992-12-31 |
| GB8315195D0 (en) | 1983-07-06 |
| IT1154641B (en) | 1987-01-21 |
| KR870001414B1 (en) | 1987-07-30 |
| IT8224812A1 (en) | 1984-06-16 |
| JPH0428759B2 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
| GB2124276B (en) | 1985-09-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20020602 |