GB2038715A - A separator for electrical accumulators consisting of a microporous base material - Google Patents
A separator for electrical accumulators consisting of a microporous base material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2038715A GB2038715A GB7935601A GB7935601A GB2038715A GB 2038715 A GB2038715 A GB 2038715A GB 7935601 A GB7935601 A GB 7935601A GB 7935601 A GB7935601 A GB 7935601A GB 2038715 A GB2038715 A GB 2038715A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- plastic material
- network structure
- base material
- webs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000965 Duroplast Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004638 Duroplast Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0012—Mechanical treatment, e.g. roughening, deforming, stretching
- B32B2038/0028—Stretching, elongating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
A plastic separator particularly suitable for lead accumulators consists of a highly porous base sheet (1), which is joined on its side facing the positive electrode to a network-structured facing or lining surface (2). The facing/lining surface (2) may be drawn from a sheet- like material, similar to an expanded metal. Passages (4) for the escape of charging gases are formed by webs (3) of lesser thickness of the facing/lining surface (2). <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
A separator for electrical accumulators consisting of a microporous base material
Technical field of the invention
The invention relates to a separator for electrical accumulators or storage batteries, in particular lead accumulators, which consists of a microporous base material.
Background art
The use of separators in accumulator technology covers a wide range of diaphragms, depending on the cell construction and type of electrodes, which extends from simple spacing elements to microporous three-dimensional structures. The vast majority of separators are nowadays manufactured from acid-resistant thermoplastic materials in particular for use in lead accumulators.
The simplest method for producing such separators is sintering of plastic powders. In this case polyvinyl chloride powder, for example, is applied in a thin layer on a steel conveyor belt and passed through a sintering furnace. At an air temperature in the furnace of 200 C to 350or the powder strip is sintered to form a solid body having a relatively high porosity.
Separator plates with a flat surface and of the desired size can be obtained by cutting or stamping out, butthese plates when in intimate surface contact with the electrode plates do not leave any space for the free escape of the gases formed during charging.
The sintered powder strip is therefore subsequently shaped between rollers to form an undulating or corrugated body before cutting at reduced temperature, or it is profiled by means of ribs or webs formed from the strip before the sintering, using shaping rollers or coating knives (doctor blades), or it is profiled by means of subsequently applied ribs.
As a rule, it is sufficient if there are ribs simply on one side of the separator, namely that side facing the positive electrode while the other side of the separator lies immediately adjacent to the negative electrode. Arrangements of this type as well as of corrugated sheets between positive and negative battery electrodes are known for example from
German Auslegeschrift No. 1 771 227. The ribs and spacers are here formed by being stamped out from a sheet material of the desired thickness and are bonded or welded in parallel strips to the actual separator or are forcibly pressed thereinto.According to another known method as described in
Auslegeschrift No. 1 269 212, a heat-curing synthetic resin mixture is applied by means of an extruder in the form of parallel strips onto the actual porous separator strip and the product is passed through an air-circulation furnace at an adjusted temperature at which the strands will melt on the substrate and simultaneously completely harden with said substrate, which is impregnated with a partially cured phenol-formaldehyde synethetic resin.
Since the ribs can run only in longitudinal paths in order to ensure that the rising oxygen bubbles can escape, the separator has a good mechanical stability only in one direction, and it can easily be folded or pressed in the other direction.
Disclosure of the invention
The dbject of the invention is thus to provide a separator, in particular for lead accumulators such as starter batteries, which in addition to its actual function as a highly porous diaphragm also has a good stiffness and rigidity over the whole surface expanse and permits a satisfactory and trouble4ree escape of the charging gases from the electrolyte despite the close and tight fitting of the said diaphragm.
This objective is achieved according to the invention in that the side facing the positive electrode is joined to a network structure made of plastic material.
It is necessary to maintain the connection of the network structure with the actual base material at least until the separator has permanently assumed its position in the cell between the electrodes of different polarity. The purpose of the network is to stiffen a possibly extremely flexible base material in the course of production so that it can be manipulated to form a rigid separator.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are hereinafter described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawing
The accompanying drawing is a perspective view of part of a separator according to the present invention.
Best modes out carrying out the invention
The base material of the separator according to the invention is a highly porous sheet preferably consisting of an acid-resistant, thermoplastic material. Suitable materials include polyethylene, but polypropylene is preferred.
A known polypropylene sheet for example has a thickness of approximately 25 microns and a porosity of 35%, the diameter of the pores being less than 0.1 micron. The pores of this sheet may be regarded as discrete, slightly tortuous, channels passing from one surface to the other of the sheet. The particularly uniform structure that is thereby produced imparts throughout the sheet the favourable mechanical and electrical properties for the intended application.
A network structure formed from a plastic material that is preferably selected from the same group of thermoplasts as the base material, but which may if necessary also be a duroplast, is applied to one side of the base material of the separator and secured thereto in a permanent manner.
The network structure acts as a spacer, whereby an increased flexural strength is imparted to the separator as a whole in all surface directions: the known laminar structures such as the webbed separators mentioned at the beginning are deficient in this respect. The separator of the invention exercies its separating function to the maximum extent on account of the network-like spacing layer over which the extremely thin sheet of the base material is, as it were, stretched.
The network structure itself, according to one embodiment of the invention, may be formed from intersecting parallel bundles of rods or filaments of plastic material.
However, in a more preferred embodiment of the invention the network structure is a drawn or expanded plastic material that has been produced from a smooth strip materal similarly to an expanded metal.
This expansion or stretching stage is based on a drawing procedure known per se, which is responsible for imparting dimensional stablility to the plastic material of which the network structure is formed.
On stretching, most linear polymeric plastic materials in fact experience a considerable increase in strength, with a simultaneous reduction in extension. Work hardening is based on the fact that the generally convoluted fibre molecules line up under the action of a tensile stress to form quasi-crystalline structures within which the intermolecular binding forces become stronger.
Glassy-amorphous thermoplasts as well as thermoplasts such as polyethylene and polypropylene that are partially crystalline at room temperature can be obtained by means of a stretching deformation. In the case of polyethylene and polypropylene it is advantageous to carry out the stretching at an elevated temperature, in the range from 100 to 1502 (heat-forming temperature), which is already close to the melting range of the crystallites. In each case the deformation temperature should be chosen sufficiently high so that quenching can still be carried out to below the so-called freezing temperature, the thermoelastic state region being passed over. The change in shape remains permanent up to the crystal melt region, at least in the case of normal operating temperatures.
Preferably, the expanded plastic network structure of the separator has webs of varying thickness, as shown in the accompanying drawing.
Referring to the drawing, the microporous base of the separator is denoted by reference numeral 1 and the expanded plastic network structure by reference numeral 2.
The thinner webs 3 of the expanded grid structure 2 are arranged in such a way that suitable passages 4 for the escape of electrolysis gases are formed in preferred directions after the separator has been mounted tightly between the electrode plates with the structure 2 facing the positive electrode plate.
Such an arrangement of the expanded plastic material 2 can be produced in various ways. For example, the slits with which the plastic sheet is provided, similar to the case of a metallic strip material that is stretched, can be displaced with respect to one another according to a predetermined pattern in such a way that the surfaces between the slits are in some cases more strongly and in other cases less strongly pressed out and stretched towards the sides by the dies of the stretching tool, and thereby produce webs of different thicknesses. Sections of less thick webs having a zig-zag pattern can thereby be obtained. Another possible way of forming webs of greater and lesser thickness adjacent to one another is to partially replace in a specific sequence the otherwise identical slitting dies of the stretching tool that are arranged like a comb, by cutting dies.
The combination of the network structure of any of the embodiments described with the microporous base material to form a uniform body can be effected as a result of the special properties of the thermoplastic materials by heating the surfaces to be joined until they begin to soften and then gently pressing them together, or ironing the base material onto the network structure. The heating time should, however, be kept short and the temperature should be adjusted so that the surfaces are just tacky and can be bonded to one another by applying pressure.
To this end it is advantageous to pass the micoporous base material 1 and the expanded plastic material 2, both in strip form, separately over heated rollers, which they leave at the necessary temperature for the adhesion. The strips are then immediately taken up by two closely adjacent deflecting rollers and gently pressed between the latter. The gap width between the deflection rollers should be only slightly less than the thickness of the finished product in order to prevent the consolidated expanded plastic material being rolled flat.
The total layer thickness of the composite separator of the invention corresponds to the thickness of conventional separators in starter batteries.
Although reference numerals have been used in the appended claims to improve the intelligibility of these claims, it is expressly stated that these reference numerals should not be construed as limiting the claims to the constructions illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Claims (10)
1. A separator, for an electrical accumulator, comprising a base (1) of microporous material, characterised in that a network structure (2) of plastic material is joined to one side of said base (1).
2. A separator, according to Claim 1, characterised in that the network structure is an expanded plastic material (2).
3. A separator, according to Claim 1, characterised in that the network structure (2) consists of intersecting parallel bundles of rods or filaments of plastic material.
4. A separator, according to Claim 2, characterised in that the expanded plastic material (2) has webs of different thicknesses, webs (3) of lesser thickness being present in preferred directions.
5. A separator, according to Claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. A separator substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawing.
7. A method of producing a separator according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the network structure (2) of plastic material is thermally combined with the microporous material of the base (1).
8. A method of producing a separator according to Claim 4, characterised in that the expanded plastic material (2) is stretched to form webs of different thicknesses.
9. A method of producing a separator according to Claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described.
10. An accumulator including at least one separator according to any one of Glaims 1 to 6, characterised in that the network structure (2) of plastic
material faces a positive electrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2847463A DE2847463C2 (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1978-11-02 | Separator for electrical accumulators made from a microporous base material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2038715A true GB2038715A (en) | 1980-07-30 |
| GB2038715B GB2038715B (en) | 1983-02-09 |
Family
ID=6053638
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7935601A Expired GB2038715B (en) | 1978-11-02 | 1979-10-12 | Separator for electrical accumulators consisting of a microporous base material |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5564363A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT373444B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE879707A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1135331A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2847463C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK458179A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES246498Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI793419A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2441274A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2038715B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1124909B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7908014A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO150657C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE436312B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS59121775A (en) * | 1982-12-28 | 1984-07-13 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | Sealed type lead storage battery |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1348420A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | |||
| US2360658A (en) * | 1943-05-27 | 1944-10-17 | Carlile & Doughty Inc | Separator for batteries |
| US2531504A (en) * | 1944-06-12 | 1950-11-28 | Richardson Co | Separator for electric storage batteries |
| DE1681854U (en) * | 1952-04-22 | 1954-08-19 | Gottfried Hagen A G | COMPOSITE SEPARATOR. |
| CH314111A (en) * | 1952-06-28 | 1956-05-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Separator for electrical collector batteries |
| FR1067287A (en) * | 1952-11-29 | 1954-06-14 | Accumulator separator | |
| FR94909E (en) * | 1965-07-29 | 1970-01-23 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Process for separating the electrodes of batteries from primary cells or from electric accumulators, in particular from cells said to be primed with seawater, and batteries obtained by this process. |
-
1978
- 1978-11-02 DE DE2847463A patent/DE2847463C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-08-31 SE SE7907260A patent/SE436312B/en unknown
- 1979-10-12 GB GB7935601A patent/GB2038715B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-29 BE BE0/197874A patent/BE879707A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-10-30 ES ES1979246498U patent/ES246498Y/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-30 DK DK458179A patent/DK458179A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-10-31 CA CA000338855A patent/CA1135331A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-31 FR FR7927048A patent/FR2441274A1/en active Granted
- 1979-10-31 AT AT0702979A patent/AT373444B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-11-01 FI FI793419A patent/FI793419A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-11-01 JP JP14052079A patent/JPS5564363A/en active Pending
- 1979-11-01 NL NL7908014A patent/NL7908014A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-11-01 NO NO793514A patent/NO150657C/en unknown
- 1979-11-02 IT IT27016/79A patent/IT1124909B/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK458179A (en) | 1980-05-03 |
| FI793419A (en) | 1980-05-03 |
| BE879707A (en) | 1980-02-15 |
| ES246498U (en) | 1980-02-16 |
| ATA702979A (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| AT373444B (en) | 1984-01-25 |
| NO150657C (en) | 1984-11-21 |
| DE2847463C2 (en) | 1986-02-06 |
| NL7908014A (en) | 1980-05-07 |
| GB2038715B (en) | 1983-02-09 |
| IT7927016A0 (en) | 1979-11-02 |
| JPS5564363A (en) | 1980-05-15 |
| NO150657B (en) | 1984-08-13 |
| NO793514L (en) | 1980-05-05 |
| IT1124909B (en) | 1986-05-14 |
| SE436312B (en) | 1984-11-26 |
| ES246498Y (en) | 1980-08-16 |
| SE7907260L (en) | 1980-05-03 |
| CA1135331A (en) | 1982-11-09 |
| DE2847463A1 (en) | 1980-05-14 |
| FR2441274B3 (en) | 1981-08-14 |
| FR2441274A1 (en) | 1980-06-06 |
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